setup: Ubuntu setup Python >= 3.11 installation workaround

[TannerGilbert]

Note

This PR is heavily based on work by @MaEtUgR in #23126

Solved Problem

Starting with Python 3.11 installing packages into externally managed python installations is restricted. This leads to installation problems on Ubuntu 24.04 which uses Python 3.12 by default. As discussed in #23126 the best way to make the installation work on Ubuntu 24.04 would be to introduce full virtual environment support. This is already tackled by #23126 and #23228 but doesn't work as expected yet. Therefore as a temporary workaround --break-system-packages should be used similary to what was added for the Arch install in #21340.

Alternatives

Finish virtual environment PRs.

Test coverage

Tested on Ubuntu 24.04 VM and Docker container.

Testing steps:

git clone https://github.com/TannerGilbert/PX4-Autopilot
bash PX4-Autopilot/Tools/setup/ubuntu.sh
cd PX4-Autopilot
make px4_sitl
make px4_sitl gz_x500

Test Dockerfile:

FROM osrf/ros:jazzy-desktop-full

RUN apt update && apt install -y git wget

RUN git clone --recursive -b fix/ubuntu-24.04-installation-workaround https://github.com/TannerGilbert/PX4-Autopilot /root/PX4-Autopilot

RUN bash /root/PX4-Autopilot/Tools/setup/ubuntu.sh

RUN git clone https://github.com/zeromq/cppzmq.git && \
    cd cppzmq && \
    mkdir build && \
    cd build && \
    cmake .. && \
    make install

WORKDIR /root/PX4-Autopilot

RUN make px4_sitl

CMD [ "bash" ]

[DronecodeBot]

This pull request has been mentioned on Discussion Forum for PX4, Pixhawk, QGroundControl, MAVSDK, MAVLink. There might be relevant details there:

https://discuss.px4.io/t/installing-px4-on-ubuntu-24-04-x64-vm/39365/5

[mrpollo]

Superceded by #23745

Thank you @TannerGilbert