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chore: re-render markdown files
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galoybot committed Oct 19, 2023
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**Headline:** Where do the bitcoins exist?

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**Text:** Bitcoin is a new form of money. It can be used by anyone, anytime -- anywhere in the world. It is not tied to a specific government or region (like US Dollars). There are also no paper bills, metal coins or plastic cards. Everything is 100% digital. Bitcoin is a network of computers running on the internet. Your bitcoin is easily managed with software on your smartphone or computer!

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**Headline:** Who controls Bitcoin?

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**Text:** Bitcoin is not controlled by any person, company or government. It is run by the community of users -- people and companies all around the world -- voluntarily running bitcoin software on their computers and smartphones.

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**Headline:** Money is a social agreement.

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**Text:** Money requires people to trust. People trust the paper dollar bills in their pocket. They trust the digits in their online bank account. They trust the balance on a store gift card will be redeemable. Having money allows people to easy trade it immediately for a good, or a service.

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**Headline:** Money solves the “coincidence of wants”... What is that??

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**Text:** Centuries ago, before people had money, they would barter -- or haggle over how to trade one unique item, in exchange for another item or service. Let’s say you wanted to have a meal at the local restaurant, and offered the owner a broom. The owner might say “no” -- but I will accept three hats instead, if you happen to have them. You can imagine how difficult and inefficient a “barter economy” would be! By contrast, with money, you can simply present a $20 bill. And you know that the restaurant owner will readily accept it.

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**Headline:** Money has evolved, since almost the beginning of time.

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**Text:** Thousands of years ago, a society in Micronesia used very large and scarce stones as a form of agreed currency. Starting in the 1500’s, rare Cowrie shells (found in the ocean) became commonly used in many nations as a form of money. And for millennia, gold has been used as a form of money for countries around the world -- including the United States (until 1971).

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**Headline:** Why were stones, shells and gold commonly used as money in the past?

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**Text:** Well, these items all had some -- but not all -- of the characteristics of good money.

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**Headline:** Money is important to individuals

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**Text:** Everybody knows that money matters.

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**Headline:** Fiat Currency: What is that?

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**Text:** All national currencies in circulation today are called “fiat” money. This includes US Dollars, Japanese Yen, Swiss Francs, and so forth.

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**Headline:** I trust my government. Why should I care about fiat money?

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**Text:** As shared in a prior quiz, the US Central Bank is the Federal Reserve, or the “Fed”.

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**Headline:** Who should care that the government can print unlimited money?

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**Text:** Well, everybody should care!

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**Headline:** Does this mean that all fiat money loses value over time?

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**Text:** That is correct.


In the history of the world, there have been 775 fiat currencies created. Most no longer exist, and the average life for any fiat money is only 27 years.


The British Pound is the oldest fiat currency. It has lost more than 99% of its value since 1694.

There is no precedent for any fiat money maintaining its value over time. This is inflation. It is effectively a form of theft of your own hard earned money !

\=================================================================
There is no precedent for any fiat money maintaining its value over time. This is inflation.
It is effectively a form of theft of your own hard earned money !


=================================================================

## QUIZ

**Question:** What happens to the value of all fiat money over time?


**Answer:** Every fiat currency that ever existed has lost a massive amount of value.

**Feedback:** Correct. This is true even for USD, which has lost 97% of its value during the last 100 years.
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**Correct:** false


<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (7).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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**Headline:** OK, fiat money loses value over time. Are there other issues?

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**Text:** Yes, there are many other issues that exist with modern fiat money.

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** Governments can print fiat money in unlimited quantities.

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** Fiat money is controlled by banks and governments — which is why people refer to it as a “centralized” currency.

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** Paper money, checks and credit card transactions can all be counterfeit, or faked.

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** Old-fashioned fiat money can only be spent in amounts as small as one penny — or two decimal places for one US Dollar ($0.01).

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** The bitcoin network is worth well over $100 billion today. Accordingly, the network must be very secure — so that money is never stolen.

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**Headline:** Special Characteristic

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**Text:** To be direct: the bitcoin network itself has never been hacked. Never once.

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**Headline:** The origins of money

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**Text:** The earliest human societies engaged in trade through barter, but this method had several limitations. One issue was the &quot;double coincidence of wants&quot; problem, where two people needed to desire the same item at the same time in order to complete a trade.

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**Headline:** Primitive forms of money

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**Text:** Collectibles served as a precursor to money by allowing trade between different groups and facilitating the transfer of wealth between generations. Although they were not used as frequently as modern money in paleolithic societies, collectibles still served as a store of value and could sometimes even facilitate trade.

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**Headline:** Anticipating Demand

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**Text:** The choice of which items to collect or create posed a significant problem for early humans, as they had to anticipate which objects would be desired by others. The ability to correctly predict which items would be in demand for their collectible value gave a significant advantage to the owner in terms of their ability to trade and accumulate wealth.

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**Headline:** The Key to Facilitating Trade

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**Text:** Acquiring an item with the expectation that it will be desired as a future store of value can accelerate its adoption for that purpose. This process can create a feedback loop that drives societies towards adopting a single store of value.

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**Headline:** The Benefits of Converging on a Single Store of Value

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**Text:** As human societies and trade routes developed over time, stores of value that emerged in different societies began to compete with each other. Merchants and traders had to decide whether to save their profits in the store of value of their own society or in the store of value of the society they were trading with, or a combination of both.

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**Headline:** Some stores of value are better than others

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**Text:** When stores of value compete with each other, the attributes that make a good store of value allow it to outperform its competitors and increase demand over time.

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**Headline:** Durability is an important attribute for a good store of value

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**Text:** The good used as money should not be perishable or easily destroyed. Gold is known for its durability and is often considered the &quot;king&quot; in this regard.

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**Headline:** The good must be easy to transport and store

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**Text:**
&quot;Portability&quot; refers to how easy it is to move or transport a good from one place to another.
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**Headline:** One specimen should be interchangeable with another of equal quantity

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**Text:**
&quot;Fungibility&quot; means that one unit of a currency is interchangeable with another unit of the same currency. This is an important attribute for a good store of value.
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**Headline:** The good must be easy to quickly identify and verify as authentic

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**Text:** It is important for a good store of value to be easily verifiable as authentic. This increases confidence in trade and the likelihood that a transaction will be completed.

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**Headline:** The good must be easy to subdivide

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**Text:** The ability to divide a good is an important attribute for it to be a good store of value.

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**Headline:** A monetary good must scarce

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**Text:** A good store of value should have a limited supply, or be scarce.

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**Headline:** An established history of being valued by society

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**Text:** This is because a well-established store of value is less likely to be displaced by a newcomer, unless it has a significant advantage over the established good.

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**Headline:** No permission required

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**Text:** Censorship-resistance is an attribute that has become increasingly important in the digital age, as it refers to the difficulty that external parties, such as corporations or governments, have in preventing an individual from using a particular good.

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**Headline:** The Evolution of Money

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**Text:** In modern times, many people in the field of monetary economics focus on the idea that money is mainly used as a way to exchange goods and services.

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**Headline:** Four Stages of Money: Collectible

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**Text:** Throughout history, money has gone through four stages of development. In the very beginning, people only wanted money because of its special qualities, and it was mostly seen as a decorative item or a collectible.;

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**Headline:** Four Stages of Money: Store of Value

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**Text:** The store of value is the second stage of money&#x27;s evolution. When enough people want money because of its special qualities, it becomes a way to keep and save value over time, to transport hard earned wealth into the future.

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**Headline:** Four Stages of Money: Medium of Exchange

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**Text:** When money is used to store value, its value becomes stable eventually. And when the value of money is stable, it becomes the best option to facilitate trade as it&#x27;s easy to use and doesn&#x27;t have the coordination burden of barter.

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**Headline:** Four Stages of Money: Unit of Account

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**Text:** When money is commonly used for trading, goods are priced in terms of it. This means that most goods can be exchanged for money at a certain rate.

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**Headline:** Partial Monetization

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**Text:** Goods that are not widely accepted as a unit of account may be considered &quot;partly monetized&quot; because they are used for some purposes related to money, but not all.

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**Headline:** Bitcoin is in the stage of monetization

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**Text:** Bitcoin is currently changing from the first stage of being used as money to the second stage. It may take several years for Bitcoin to be used as a way to trade goods and services, like other currencies.

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**Headline:** Money is not a government creation

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**Text:** There is a popular misconception that money is a government creation and cannot exist without government. This is false.

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**Headline:** The primary function of money

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**Text:** Primitive money existed long before large scale trade networks. Archeologists found that early humans used valuable tools like arrowheads, collectibles like cowry shells and commodities like barley as primitive money.

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