[BE] chore: test github actions workflow script 작성 (#149)

* docs: github actions script 작성

* refactor: github actions script 수정

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: PR Test
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - '.github/**'
+      - 'backend/**'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+
+    permissions:
+      checks: write
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Repository 체크아웃
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: JDK 11 설정
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        with:
+          java-version: 11
+          distribution: temurin
+
+      - name: Gradle 캐싱
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.gradle/caches
+            ~/.gradle/wrapper
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle*', '**/gradle-wrapper.properties') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-
+
+      - name: Gradle 권한 부여
+        working-directory: backend/
+        run: chmod +x ./gradlew
+
+      - name: 테스트 실행
+        working-directory: backend/
+        run: ./gradlew --info test
+
+      - name: 테스트 결과 PR에 코멘트 등록
+        uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action@v1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          files: '**/backend/build/test-results/test/TEST-*.xml'
+
+      - name: 테스트 실패 시, 실패한 코드 라인에 Check 코멘트를 등록
+        uses: mikepenz/action-junit-report@v3
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          report_paths: '**/backend/build/test-results/test/TEST-*.xml'
+          token: ${{ github.token }}
+
+      - name: build 실패 시 Slack으로 알립니다
+        uses: 8398a7/action-slack@v3
+        with:
+          status: ${{ job.status }}
+          author_name: 백엔드 테스트 실패 알림
+          fields: repo, message, commit, author, action, eventName, ref, workflow, job, took
+        env:
+          SLACK_CHANNEL: group-dev
+          SLACK_COLOR: '#FF2D00'
+          SLACK_USERNAME: 'Github Action'
+          SLACK_ICON: https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Mark.png
+          SLACK_TITLE: Build Failure - ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
+          SLACK_MESSAGE: PR Url - ${{ github.event.pull_request.url }}
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        if: failure()