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Co-authored-by: Stephanie Zimmer <[email protected]>
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ivelasq and szimmer authored Feb 11, 2024
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While this book focuses on the analysis methods of complex surveys, understanding the entire survey life cycle can provide a better insight into what types of analyses should be conducted on the data. The *survey life cycle* consists of the necessary stages to execute a survey project successfully. Each stage influences the survey's timing, costs, and feasibility, consequently impacting the data collected and how we should analyze it.

The survey life cycle starts with a *research topic or question of interest* (e.g., what impact does childhood trauma have on health outcomes later in life). Researchers typically review existing data sources to determine if data are already available that can answer this question, as drawing from available resources can result in a reduced burden on respondents, cheaper research costs, and faster research outcomes. However, if existing data cannot answer the nuances of the research question, a survey can be used to capture the exact data that the researcher needs.
The survey life cycle starts with a *research topic or question of interest* (e.g., what impact does childhood trauma have on health outcomes later in life). Researchers typically review existing data sources to determine if data are already available that can answer this question, as drawing from available resources can result in a reduced burden on respondents, cheaper research costs, and faster research outcomes. However, if existing data cannot answer the nuances of the research question, a survey can be used to capture the exact data that the researcher needs through a questionnaire, or a set of questions.

To gain a deeper understanding of survey design and implementation, we recommend reviewing several pieces of existing literature in detail [e.g., @dillman2014mode; @groves2009survey; @Tourangeau2000psych; @Bradburn2004; @valliant2013practical; @biemer2003survqual].

## Searching for public-use survey data

Throughout this book, we use public-use datasets from different surveys, including the American National Election Survey (ANES), the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and the AmericasBarometer surveys.

As mentioned above, researchers should look for existing data that can provide insights into their research questions before embarking on a new survey. One of the greatest sources of data is the government. For example, in the U.S., we can get data directly from the various statistical agencies like with RECS and NCVS. Other countries often have data available through official statistics offices, such as the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom.

In addition to government data, many researchers will make their data publicly available through repositories such as the [Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) variable search](https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/ICPSR/ssvd/) or the [Odum Institute Data Archive](https://odum.unc.edu/archive/). Searching these repositories or other compiled lists (e.g., [Analyze Survey Data for Free - asdfree.com](https://asdfree.com)) can be an efficient way to identify surveys with questions related to the researcher's topic of interest.

## Pre-Survey Planning {#pre-survey-planning}

There are multiple things to consider when starting a survey. *Errors* are the differences between the true values of the variables being studied and the values obtained through the survey. Each step and decision made before the launch of the survey impact the types of errors that are introduced into the data, which in turn impact how to interpret the results.
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