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# Edk2 Database | ||
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The general purpose of Edk2DB is to allow EDKII repos to query specific information about their environment. `Edk2Db` is | ||
a subclass of [TinyDB](https://tinydb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), with functionality expanded to meet the purpose, but | ||
also more narrowly scoped in it's expected usage. The most notable is that `Edk2DB` narrows the types of ways it can be | ||
instantiated to the following three scenarios: | ||
Edk2DB enables EDKII repository developers or maintainers to query specific information about their workspace. `Edk2Db` | ||
utilizes the sqlite3 python module to create and manipulate a sqlite database. Multiple Table generators are provided | ||
with edk2-pytool-library that developers can register and use, however a [Table Generator](#table-generators) interface | ||
is also provided to allow the creation of additional parsers that create tables and insert rows into them. | ||
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1. File Storage Read & Write `FILE_RW`: This mode is intended for generating a database file that can be stored and used | ||
multiple times. This mode is slow as all database changes are written to file | ||
2. File Storage Read Only `FILE_RO`: This mode is intended for consuming a database file generated in the above scenario | ||
, and running queries against it | ||
3. In-Memory Storage Read & Write `MEM_RW`: This mode is intended for running quick queries with no persistent data. | ||
Edk2DB automatically registers an environment table which records the current environment at the time of parsing, and | ||
provides a unique key (a uuid) for that parse to all table generators. This unique key can optionally be used as a | ||
column in the table to distinguish common values between parsing (Such as having a database that contains parsed | ||
information about a platform as if it was built in DEBUG mode and as if it was built in RELEASE mode. Another example | ||
is database that contains parsed information for multiple platforms or packages.) | ||
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`Edk2DB` also adds the concepts of Managing and running [Table Generators](#table-generators) / | ||
[Advanced Queries](#advanced-queries), which will be discussed in more detail, in their own sections. | ||
Edk2DB automatically registers a junction table, `junction`, that acts as a lookup table between unique keys in two | ||
tables to link them together, primarily for a one-to-many relation. One example used in the codebase is to associate | ||
an INF file with the many source files it uses. | ||
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The database generated in an actual sqlite database and any tools that work on a sqlite database will work on this | ||
database. VSCode provides multiple extensions for viewing and running queries on a standalone database, along with | ||
other downloadable tools. | ||
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## General Flow | ||
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The expected usage of Edk2DB is fairly simple: | ||
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1. Instantiate the DB in the necessary mode | ||
1. Instantiate the DB | ||
2. Register and run the necessary table generators | ||
3. (optional) run advanced queries to generate wanted data | ||
3. (optional) run queries on the database through python's sqlite3 module | ||
4. Release the database | ||
5. (optional) run queries on the database through external tools | ||
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### Instantiate Edk2DB | ||
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As mentioned above, there are three ways to instantiate the database, depending on your needs. Edk2DB requires that you | ||
define the mode you are attempting to insatiate in, then provide the additional required arguments as kwargs. | ||
Edk2DB supports normal instantiation and instantiation through a context manager. It is suggested to open the database | ||
through a context manager, but if using it through normal instantion, remember to do a a final `db.connection.commit()` | ||
and `db.connection.close()` to cleanly close the database. | ||
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``` python | ||
# File Storage, Read and Write | ||
db = Edk2DB(Edk2DB.FILE_RW, db_path=db_path, pathobj=pathobj) | ||
db = Edk2DB(db_path, pathobj=pathobj) | ||
db.commit() | ||
db.close() | ||
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# File Storage, Read Only | ||
db = Edk2DB(Edk2DB.FILE_RO, db_path=db_path) | ||
with Edk2DB(db_path, pathobj=pathobj) as db: | ||
... | ||
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# In-Memory Storage, Read Only | ||
db = Edk2DB(Edk2DB.MEM_RW, pathobj=pathobj) | ||
``` | ||
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Additionally, you can **and should** instantiate the database using a context manager, to ensure the database is | ||
properly released when finished: | ||
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``` python | ||
with Edk2DB(mode, **kwargs) as db: | ||
... | ||
``` | ||
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### Register and run table generators | ||
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A [Table Generator](#table-generators) is a type of parser that creates a table in the database and fills it with rows | ||
of data. While each table generator can generate one or more tables, they should never rely on, or expect, other tables | ||
existing to generate it's own table. Advanced Queries should be used to make those associations. | ||
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It's simple to register a table generator! simply call the `register()` with one or more of the instantiated parsers: | ||
of data. A Table Generator should never expect specific data in a table to exist. It's simple to register a table | ||
generator! simply call the `register()` with one or more of the instantiated parsers: | ||
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``` python | ||
db.register(Parser1()) | ||
db.register(Parser2(), Parser3()) | ||
``` | ||
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If your parser needs some type of metadata (As an example, a few of the provided parsers need environment information), | ||
then it can be set using the initializer of the Parser (`__init__(*args, **kwargs)`). | ||
If your parser needs some type of metadata, then that metadata can be set in the initialization of the Parser | ||
(`__init__(*args, **kwargs)`). | ||
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You can also clear your registered parsers, which may be necessary in some situations, such as re-running the same | ||
parser with different environment information: | ||
``` python | ||
db.register(Parser1(x = 5, y = 7)) | ||
``` | ||
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A method is provided to clear any registered parsers: | ||
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``` python | ||
db.clear_parsers() | ||
``` | ||
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Lastly is running all registered parsers. The `parse()` command will iterate through all registered parsers and run | ||
them. If you need to run the same Parser with different sets of metadata, you have two options: | ||
Lastly is running all registered parsers. The `parse(env: dict)` method expects to be provided a dictionary of | ||
environment variables used when building a platform. Depending on the parser, the dictionary can be empty. | ||
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The `parse(env: dict)` command will perform two loops across the parsers.The first loop will create all tables for all | ||
table parsers. This ensures that any dependencies on tables existing between parsers is handled. The second loop | ||
performs the parsing and row insertion. The order in which parsers execute is the same as the order that they are | ||
registered. | ||
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```python | ||
# Option 1: parse one at a time | ||
db.register(Parser(env=env1)) | ||
db.register(Parser(key=value2)) | ||
db.parse() | ||
db.clear_parsers() | ||
db.register(Parser(env=env2)) | ||
db.parse(append=True) | ||
db.register(Parser(key=value2)) | ||
db.parse(env) | ||
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# Option 2: parse together | ||
db.register(Parser(env=env1), Parser(env=env2)) | ||
db.parse() | ||
db.register(Parser(key=value1), Parser(key=value2)) | ||
db.parse(env) | ||
``` | ||
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If for some reason, it is necessary to keep Table generators and the database separate, you can reverse the function call: | ||
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```python | ||
# Before | ||
db.register(Parser()) | ||
db.parse() | ||
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# Reversed | ||
Parser().parse(db) | ||
``` | ||
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### Run Advanced Queries | ||
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Running advanced queries is simple! Similar to Table Generators, you will pass the instantiated Query, passing any | ||
necessary metadata to the query to work properly: | ||
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```python | ||
db.search(AdvancedQuery(cfg1=cfg1, cfg2=cfg2)) | ||
``` | ||
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TinyDB does not support relationships betweed tables (i.e. Primary / Foreign Keys and JOINs). Due to this, the intent of | ||
the Advanced Query is to compartmentalize the multiple query calls that may be necessary to mock that functionality. | ||
Therefore, the expected return should continue to be a list of rows (json objects), similar to any other database query. | ||
What the caller wishes to do with that data is up to them. | ||
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### Release the Database | ||
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If you are using a context manager, then this is handled automatically for you. Otherwise, you need to call `.close()` | ||
on the database. | ||
If you are using a context manager, then this is handled automatically for you. Otherwise, you need to call | ||
`db.connection.commit()` and `db.connection.close()` on the database (or `__exit__()`) | ||
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## Table Generators | ||
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Table generators are just that, classes that subclass the [TableGenerator](/api/database/edk2_db/#edk2toollib.database.edk2_db.TableGenerator) | ||
, parse some type of information (typically the workspace) and insert the data into one of the tables managed by Edk2DB. | ||
Multiple table generators are provided by edk2toollib, and can be seen at [edk2toollib/database/tables](https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-pytool-library/tree/master/edk2toollib/database/tables). | ||
Edk2DB can use any class that implements the `TableGenerator` interface. | ||
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## Advanced Queries | ||
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Edk2DB supports running simple queries as defined by [TinyDb Query](https://tinydb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html#queries), | ||
however TinyDB does not support relationships between tables (i.e. Primary Key / Foreign keys and JOINs). Due to this | ||
limitation, the concept of `Advanced Queries` was created to compartmentalize the extra steps necessary to emulate the | ||
functionality above. The [AdvancedQuery](/api/database/edk2_db/#edk2toollib.database.edk2_db.AdvancedQuery) class is the | ||
interface that should be subclassed when creating a more complex query than filtering on a single database table. As | ||
with the `TableGenerator`, multiple Advanced are provided by edk2toollib, and can be seen at | ||
[edk2toollib/database/queries](https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-pytool-library/tree/master/edk2toollib/database/queries). | ||
Edb2DB can use any class that implements the `AdvancedQuery` interface. |
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