[skip ci] Provide script for installing system dependencies (#14405)

INSTALLING.md instructions use pinned version of deps that may go out of
sync and vary across distro.
Avoid the need to document, by introducing a script
The new script can be called from our Dockerfiles as well

### What's changed
Script provided
Documentation updated

INSTALLING.md

@@ -29,16 +29,10 @@ Note the current compatability matrix:
 ### Step 2. System-level dependencies
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt update
-sudo apt install software-properties-common=0.99.9.12 build-essential=12.8ubuntu1.1 python3.8-venv libhwloc-dev graphviz cmake=3.16.3-1ubuntu1.20.04.1 ninja-build
-
-wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
-chmod u+x llvm.sh
-sudo ./llvm.sh 17
-sudo apt install libc++-17-dev libc++abi-17-dev
+sudo ./install_dependencies.sh
 ```
 - Note: `CMake 3.16` is the targetted required version of `CMake` as it aligns with the default from `Ubuntu 20.04`. Some advanced build configurations like unity builds require `CMake 3.20`.
-  - To install `CMake 3.20` see: https://github.com/tenstorrent/tt-metal/blob/4d7730d3e2d22c51d62baa1bfed861b557d9a3c0/dockerfile/ubuntu-20.04-amd64.Dockerfile#L9-L14 
+  - To install `CMake 3.20` see: https://github.com/tenstorrent/tt-metal/blob/4d7730d3e2d22c51d62baa1bfed861b557d9a3c0/dockerfile/ubuntu-20.04-amd64.Dockerfile#L9-L14
 ---
 
 ### Step 3. Hugepages

install_dependencies.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# Copyright (C) 2024 Tenstorrent, Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# This script is based on `xrtdeps.sh` from the Xilinx XRT project.
+# Original source: https://github.com/Xilinx/XRT/blob/master/src/runtime_src/tools/scripts/xrtdeps.sh
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+FLAVOR=`grep '^ID=' /etc/os-release | awk -F= '{print $2}' | tr -d '"'`
+VERSION=`grep '^VERSION_ID=' /etc/os-release | awk -F= '{print $2}' | tr -d '"'`
+MAJOR=${VERSION%.*}
+ARCH=`uname -m`
+
+usage()
+{
+    echo "Usage: sudo ./install_dependencies.sh [options]"
+    echo
+    echo "[--help, -h]                List this help"
+    echo "[--validate, -v]            Validate that required packages are installed"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+validate=0
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+    case "$1" in
+        --help|-h)
+            usage
+            ;;
+        --validate|-v)
+            validate=1
+            shift
+            ;;
+        *)
+            echo "Unknown option: $1"
+            usage
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+ub_package_list()
+{
+    UB_LIST=(\
+     git \
+     git-lfs \
+     build-essential \
+     cmake \
+     software-properties-common \
+     libhwloc-dev \
+     graphviz \
+     ninja-build \
+     libpython3-dev \
+     libcapstone-dev \
+     python3-pip \
+     python3-dev \
+     python3.8-venv \
+     libc++-17-dev \
+     libc++abi-17-dev \
+    )
+
+}
+
+update_package_list()
+{
+    if [ $FLAVOR == "ubuntu" ]; then
+        ub_package_list
+    else
+        echo "unknown OS flavor $FLAVOR"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+validate_packages()
+{
+    if [ $FLAVOR == "ubuntu" ]; then
+        dpkg -l "${UB_LIST[@]}"
+        #dpkg -l "${UB_LIST[@]}" > /dev/null
+    else
+        echo "unknown OS flavor $FLAVOR"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+prep_ubuntu()
+{
+    echo "Preparing ubuntu ..."
+    # Update the list of available packages
+    apt-get update
+}
+
+install_llvm() {
+    LLVM_VERSION="17"
+    echo "Checking if LLVM $LLVM_VERSION is already installed..."
+    if command -v clang-$LLVM_VERSION &> /dev/null; then
+        echo "LLVM $LLVM_VERSION is already installed. Skipping installation."
+    else
+        echo "Installing LLVM $LLVM_VERSION..."
+        TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+        wget -P $TEMP_DIR https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+        chmod u+x $TEMP_DIR/llvm.sh
+        $TEMP_DIR/llvm.sh $LLVM_VERSION
+        rm -rf "$TEMP_DIR"
+    fi
+}
+
+install()
+{
+    if [ $FLAVOR == "ubuntu" ]; then
+        prep_ubuntu
+
+        echo "Installing packages..."
+        apt-get install -y "${UB_LIST[@]}"
+    fi
+}
+
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "This script must be run as root. Please use sudo."
+    usage
+fi
+
+install_llvm
+
+update_package_list
+
+if [ $validate == 1 ]; then
+    validate_packages
+else
+    install
+fi