Added Single Dimensional Array (#292)

docs/day-10/singledimensional-array.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 4
+title: "Single Dimensional Arrays in C++"
+description: "In this tutorial, we will learn about single dimensional arrays in C++ with the help of examples. Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable."
+sidebar_label: "Single Dimensional Arrays"
+slug: single-dimensional-arrays-in-cpp
+---
+
+## 1. What is a Single Dimensional Array in C++?
+
+A single dimensional array is a collection of elements of the same data type, stored in contiguous memory locations. Arrays allow you to store multiple values in a single variable, which can be accessed using an index.
+
+![Single Dimensional Array in C++](../../static/img/day-10/singledimensional-array.png)
+
+## 2. Why Use Arrays?
+
+Arrays are used to:
+- Store multiple values of the same type in a single variable.
+- Easily access and manipulate a collection of data.
+- Efficiently manage memory by storing elements in contiguous memory locations.
+
+## 3. Declaring and Initializing Arrays
+
+You can declare an array by specifying the data type, array name, and size.
+
+**Syntax:**
+
+```cpp
+datatype arrayName[arraySize];
+```
+
+You can also initialize an array at the time of declaration.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+ int numbers[5]; // Declaration
+ int scores[5] = {85, 90, 78, 92, 88}; // Declaration and Initialization
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 4. Accessing Array Elements
+
+Array elements are accessed using their index. The index of the first element is 0, and the index of the last element is `arraySize - 1`.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+ int scores[5] = {85, 90, 78, 92, 88};
+ cout << "First element: " << scores[0] << endl; // Output: 85
+ cout << "Last element: " << scores[4] << endl; // Output: 88
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 5. Looping Through an Array
+
+You can use loops to iterate through array elements for processing.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+ int scores[5] = {85, 90, 78, 92, 88};
+ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+  cout << "Element at index " << i << ": " << scores[i] << endl;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 6. Modifying Array Elements
+
+You can modify the elements of an array by accessing them via their index.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+ int scores[5] = {85, 90, 78, 92, 88};
+ scores[2] = 80; // Modify the element at index 2
+ cout << "Modified element at index 2: " << scores[2] << endl; // Output: 80
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Arrays
+
+### Advantages
+- **Efficient Data Management**: Arrays allow efficient management and manipulation of data.
+- **Ease of Access**: Direct access to any element using its index.
+- **Memory Management**: Efficient use of memory by storing elements in contiguous locations.
+
+### Disadvantages
+- **Fixed Size**: The size of an array is fixed at compile time and cannot be changed during runtime.
+- **Single Data Type**: Arrays can store elements of only one data type.
+- **Memory Waste**: If the array size is larger than the required number of elements, memory can be wasted.
+
+## 8. Conclusion
+
+Single dimensional arrays are a fundamental data structure in C++, providing an efficient way to store and manage collections of data. Understanding arrays and their operations is crucial for solving various programming problems effectively.