SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector

By Wei Liu, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Christian Szegedy, Scott Reed, Cheng-Yang Fu, Alexander C. Berg.

Introduction

SSD is an unified framework for object detection with a single network. You can use the code to train/evaluate a network for object detection task. For more details, please refer to our arXiv paper.

System	VOC2007 test mAP	FPS (Titan X)	Number of Boxes
Faster R-CNN (VGG16)	73.2	7	300
Faster R-CNN (ZF)	62.1	17	300
YOLO	63.4	45	98
Fast YOLO	52.7	155	98
SSD300 (VGG16)	72.1	58	7308
SSD300 (VGG16, cuDNN v5)	72.1	72	7308
SSD500 (VGG16)	75.1	23	20097

Citing SSD

Please cite SSD in your publications if it helps your research:

@article{liu15ssd,
  Title = {{SSD}: Single Shot MultiBox Detector},
  Author = {Liu, Wei and Anguelov, Dragomir and Erhan, Dumitru and Szegedy, Christian and Reed, Scott and Fu, Cheng-Yang and Berg, Alexander C.},
  Journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.02325},
  Year = {2015}
}

Contents

1. Installation
2. Preparation
3. Train/Eval
4. Models

Installation

1. Get the code. We will call the directory that you cloned Caffe into $CAFFE_ROOT

git clone https://github.com/weiliu89/caffe.git
cd caffe
git checkout ssd

2. Build the code. Please follow Caffe instruction to install all necessary packages and build it.

# Modify Makefile.config according to your Caffe installation.
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
make -j8
# Make sure to include $CAFFE_ROOT/python to your PYTHONPATH.
make py
make test -j8
make runtest -j8
# If you have multiple GPUs installed in your machine, make runtest might fail. If so, try following:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0; make runtest -j8
# If you have error: "Check failed: error == cudaSuccess (10 vs. 0)  invalid device ordinal",
# first make sure you have the specified GPUs, or try following if you have multiple GPUs:
unset CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES

Preparation

1. Download fully convolutional reduced (atrous) VGGNet. By default, we assume the model is stored in $CAFFE_ROOT/models/VGGNet/

2. Download VOC2007 and VOC2012 dataset. By default, we assume the data is stored in $HOME/data/

# Download the data.
cd $HOME/data
wget http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2012/VOCtrainval_11-May-2012.tar
wget http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2007/VOCtrainval_06-Nov-2007.tar
wget http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2007/VOCtest_06-Nov-2007.tar
# Extract the data.
tar -xvf VOCtrainval_11-May-2012.tar
tar -xvf VOCtrainval_06-Nov-2007.tar
tar -xvf VOCtest_06-Nov-2007.tar

3. Create the LMDB file.

cd $CAFFE_ROOT
# Create the trainval.txt, test.txt, and test_name_size.txt in data/VOC0712/
./data/VOC0712/create_list.sh
# You can modify the parameters in create_data.sh if needed.
# It will create lmdb files for trainval and test with encoded original image:
#   - $HOME/data/VOCdevkit/VOC0712/lmdb/VOC0712_trainval_lmdb
#   - $HOME/data/VOCdevkit/VOC0712/lmdb/VOC0712_test_lmdb
# and make soft links at examples/VOC0712/
./data/VOC0712/create_data.sh

Train/Eval

1. Train your model and evaluate the model on the fly.

# It will create model definition files and save snapshot models in:
#   - $CAFFE_ROOT/models/VGGNet/VOC0712/SSD_300x300/
# and job file, log file, and the python script in:
#   - $CAFFE_ROOT/jobs/VGGNet/VOC0712/SSD_300x300/
# and save temporary evaluation results in:
#   - $HOME/data/VOCdevkit/results/VOC2007/SSD_300x300/
# It should reach 72.* mAP at 60k iterations.
python examples/ssd/ssd_pascal.py

If you don't have time to train your model, you can download a pre-trained model at here.

2. Evaluate the most recent snapshot.

# If you would like to test a model you trained, you can do:
python examples/ssd/score_ssd_pascal.py

3. Test your model using a webcam. Note: press esc to stop.

# If you would like to attach a webcam to a model you trained, you can do:
python examples/ssd/ssd_pascal_webcam.py

Here is a demo video of running a SSD500 model trained on MSCOCO dataset.

4. Check out examples/ssd_detect.ipynb or examples/ssd/ssd_detect.cpp on how to detect objects using a SSD model.

5. To train on other dataset, please refer to data/OTHERDATASET for more details. We currently add support for MSCOCO and ILSVRC2016.

Models

1. Models trained on VOC0712: SSD300, SSD500

2. Models trained on MSCOCO trainval35k: SSD300, SSD500

3. Models trained on ILSVRC2015 trainval1: SSD300, SSD500 (46.4 mAP on val2)