Update MaximalSquare.java (Refactored the maximal square algorithm into smaller, modular components for easier maintenance)

[Shounak-programmer]

Solving Issue number #20
The first code was largely correct but had a few issues and areas for improvement. Here’s a summary of those initial issues and how I addressed each one:

1. Naming Conflict

   • Problem: There was no main method initially, which conflicted with Java's entry point "main" method. This could confuse the compiler, as it expects "main" to be the program’s entry point, not a method that calculates the maximal square.
   • Solution: I added the "main" function to avoid this conflict and make the method's purpose clear. This change allowed us to keep "main" as the true entry point while making "maximalSquare" a dedicated method for calculating the largest square area.

2. Refactoring for Clarity

   • Problem: The initial code was somewhat monolithic, making it less readable and harder to debug or extend.
   • Solution: I refactored the code by splitting specific logic into helper methods:
     • "initializeFirstRowAndColumn" to handle base cases by setting the first row & column of "dp" based on the "matrix" values.
     • "updateDpCell" to calculate the value for each cell in the "dp" matrix.
     • "calculateMaxSquareArea" to encapsulate the area calculation logic.
   • This modular approach improved readability and made the "maximalSquare" method cleaner and easier to follow.

Final Code Overview

After modifications, the code now:

1. Avoids naming conflicts by clearly separating the "main" entry point and "maximalSquare" calculation method.
2. Has modular helper functions, making the code easier to read, understand, and maintain.

These changes improved both functionality and readability, ensuring the program handles a variety of input scenarios effectively.