This document provides an overview of various programming languages, designed to help readers choose a language to learn based on their interests and goals. It covers their origins, primary use cases, and paradigms, spanning from early computing history to modern innovations. Each entry highlights key details, including the year of creation, creators, and areas where the language excels, serving as a guide to understanding and selecting programming languages aligned with personal preferences.
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| No. | Name | Year Created | Creator | Company/Institution | Paradigm | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Assembly | 1949 | Kathleen Booth | Birkbeck College | Procedural | Embedded systems, OS |
| 2 | Fortran | 1957 | John Backus | IBM | Procedural | Scientific computing |
| 3 | Lisp | 1958 | John McCarthy | MIT | Functional | Artificial intelligence |
| 4 | COBOL | 1959 | Grace Hopper (team) | US Department of Defense | Procedural | Business applications |
| 5 | ALGOL | 1958 | Friedrich L. Bauer (team) | ALGOL Committee | Procedural | Foundation for structured languages |
| 6 | BASIC | 1964 | John G. Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz | Dartmouth College | Procedural | Education, basic computing |
| 7 | Simula | 1967 | Ole-Johan Dahl, Kristen Nygaard | Norwegian Computing Center | OOP | Simulation modeling |
| 8 | Pascal | 1970 | Niklaus Wirth | Unaffiliated | Procedural | Education |
| 9 | C | 1972 | Dennis Ritchie | Bell Labs | Procedural | OS, software engineering |
| 10 | Prolog | 1972 | Alain Colmerauer, Robert Kowalski | University of Marseille & Edinburgh | Logic | AI, reasoning |
| 11 | Smalltalk | 1972 | Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg | Xerox PARC | OOP | GUI applications, simulation |
| 12 | Ada | 1980 | Jean Ichbiah | US Department of Defense | Multi-paradigm | Critical systems, military |
| 13 | C++ | 1983 | Bjarne Stroustrup | Bell Labs | Multi-paradigm | Software engineering, game development |
| 14 | Objective-C | 1984 | Brad Cox, Tom Love | Stepstone | OOP | macOS, iOS applications |
| 15 | Perl | 1987 | Larry Wall | Unaffiliated | Multi-paradigm | Scripting, text processing |
| 16 | Python | 1991 | Guido van Rossum | Unaffiliated | Multi-paradigm | Data science, web development |
| 17 | Ruby | 1995 | Yukihiro Matsumoto | Unaffiliated | OOP | Web development |
| 18 | Java | 1995 | James Gosling | Sun Microsystems | OOP | Enterprise, Android apps |
| 19 | PHP | 1995 | Rasmus Lerdorf | Unaffiliated | Procedural, OOP | Web development |
| 20 | JavaScript | 1995 | Brendan Eich | Netscape | Procedural, event-driven | Web, frontend, backend |
| 21 | Delphi | 1995 | Anders Hejlsberg | Borland | OOP | Desktop applications, database |
| 22 | Lua | 1993 | Roberto Ierusalimschy (team) | PUC-Rio | Procedural, scripting | Embedded systems, game scripting |
| 23 | Haskell | 1990 | Simon Peyton Jones (team) | Haskell Committee | Functional | Research, mathematical programming |
| 24 | Swift | 2014 | Chris Lattner | Apple | Multi-paradigm | iOS and macOS apps |
| 25 | Go | 2009 | Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, Ken Thompson | Multi-paradigm | Backend, large-scale systems | |
| 26 | Rust | 2010 | Graydon Hoare | Mozilla | Multi-paradigm | High-performance systems, memory safety |
| 27 | Kotlin | 2011 | JetBrains Team | JetBrains | Multi-paradigm | Android apps, backend |
| 28 | TypeScript | 2012 | Anders Hejlsberg | Microsoft | Multi-paradigm | Web development, large-scale applications |
| 29 | Dart | 2011 | Lars Bak, Kasper Lund | Multi-paradigm | Frontend, Flutter apps | |
| 30 | R | 1993 | Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman | University of Auckland | Functional | Statistics, data science |
This table serves as a valuable resource for understanding the diversity and development of programming languages over time. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting, exploring the history, paradigms, and primary uses of these languages can help deepen your understanding of the tools available in the software development world. As technology continues to evolve, new languages will emerge, and their impact on programming practices will shape the future of coding.