Merge 'Initial pass on Python API' from Jean Arhancet

This pull request introduces the initial setup for the Python bindings
(#248).

- Setup Configuration: Added the Python binding stack, including the
  `pyo3 `crates, `pyproject.toml`, `build.rs`, and other necessary
  files.

- Database Class: Implemented the Database class with a constructor to
  establish a connection and a query function to execute SQL queries.

- Testing: Created `database.db` with a sample users table and two
  entries, as outlined in README.md, and added three pytest functions to
  validate the Python output.

Closes #276

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,20 @@
 /target
-/.idea
+/.idea
+
+*.so
+*.ipynb
+
+# Python
+.mypy_cache/
+.pytest_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.venv*/
+__pycache__/
+.coverage
+venv
+env
+.env
+.venv
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store

Cargo.toml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
 members = [
+  "bindings/python",
   "bindings/wasm",
   "cli",
   "sqlite3",

bindings/python/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[package]
+name = "py-limbo"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+
+[lib]
+name = "_limbo"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[features]
+# must be enabled when building with `cargo build`, maturin enables this automatically
+extension-module = ["pyo3/extension-module"]
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0"
+limbo_core = { path = "../../core" }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.2", features = ["anyhow", "auto-initialize"] }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+version_check = "0.9.5"
+# used where logic has to be version/distribution specific, e.g. pypy
+pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.22.0" }

bindings/python/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fn main() {
+    pyo3_build_config::use_pyo3_cfgs();
+    println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(allocator, values(\"default\", \"mimalloc\"))");
+}

bindings/python/limbo/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from _limbo import (
+    Connection,
+    Cursor,
+    DatabaseError,
+    DataError,
+    IntegrityError,
+    InterfaceError,
+    InternalError,
+    NotSupportedError,
+    OperationalError,
+    ProgrammingError,
+    __version__,
+    connect,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "Connection",
+    "Cursor",
+    "InterfaceError",
+    "DatabaseError",
+    "DataError",
+    "OperationalError",
+    "IntegrityError",
+    "InternalError",
+    "ProgrammingError",
+    "NotSupportedError",
+    "connect",
+]