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| <title>P4 Compiler Documentation (P4C): Frontend</title> | ||
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| <div class="headertitle"><div class="title">Frontend</div></div> | ||
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| <div class="textblock"><p>The front-end of the P4 compiler is responsible for transforming the high-level P4 source code into an Intermediate Representation (IR) while ensuring that the code is valid and optimized. This stage is entirely architecture-independent and consists of several critical passes:</p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li><b>Program Parsing:</b> Converts the P4 source code into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST).</li> | ||
| <li><b>Validation:</b> Checks the program against P4 language rules and constraints to ensure it is valid.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Name Resolution:</b> Resolves all identifiers, such as variables and functions, to their declarations.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Type Checking/Inference:</b> Uses the Hindley-Milner type inference algorithm to ensure that all types are correctly assigned and compatible.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Making Semantics Explicit:</b> Ensures the program's semantics, such as the order of side effects, are clearly defined and explicit. </li> | ||
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| Optimization Tasks</h2> | ||
| <p>The front-end also performs some optimization-related tasks, including:</p><ul> | ||
| <li><b>Inlining:</b> Replaces function calls with the function body to reduce overhead.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Compile-Time Evaluation and Specialization:</b> Evaluates expressions and specializes code at compile time for efficiency.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Conversion to P4 Source:</b> Converts the AST back to P4 source code if needed.</li> | ||
| <li><b>Deparser Inference (for P4_14 programs):</b> Automatically infers deparser logic for P4_14 programs.</li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p>After completing these passes, the front-end generates the control-plane API, which is essential for the interaction between the control plane and the data plane. </p> | ||
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