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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Plastic Pollution">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Teaching slides on global plastic pollution">
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ <h2>Plastic Pollution</h2>
<br><h4>A global overview from <a href="https://ourworldindata.org">Our World in Data</a></h4>
<blockquote>
These slides provide a global overview of plastics production, waste, and pollution of our oceans.<p>They are designed to provide a summary of the plastics challenge and what this tells us about how to address it.
<p><p>A more detailed exploration of this topic can be found at our <strong><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution">entry on Plastic Pollution</a> and <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/faq-on-plastics">FAQs on Plastics</a></strong></blockquote>
<p><p>A more detailed exploration of this topic can be found at our <strong><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution">topic page on Plastic Pollution</a>
</section>

<section>
Expand All @@ -89,8 +89,7 @@ <h4>Outline</h4><br>

<figcaption>
<p>Annual global production of plastics has increased more than 200-fold since 1950.</p>
<p>In 2015 the world produced more than 380 million tonnes of plastic.</p>
<p>For context, this is <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution#global-plastic-production">roughly equivalent to</a> the mass of two-thirds of the world population.</p>
<p>In 2019 the world produced more than 450 million tonnes of plastic.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
Expand All @@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ <h4>Outline</h4><br>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-global-plastics"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>By 2015 <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution#cumulative-production">cumulative plastic production</a> was more than 7.8 billion tonnes.</p>
<p>By 2019 <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution#cumulative-production">cumulative plastic production</a> was around 9.5 billion tonnes.</p>
<p>This is equivalent to more than one tonne of plastic for every person alive today.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -167,14 +166,12 @@ <h4>Outline</h4><br>
<section>
<figure>

<img data-src="https://ourworldindata.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Plastic-production-to-ocean-input.png">
<img data-src="https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2023/10/Plastic-waste-to-ocean-OECD-2022.png">

<figcaption>
<p>This figure provides a snapshot of global plastic production, waste, coastal waste, and ocean inputs in 2010.
<li>global plastic waste was 275 million tonnes (and can exceed annual primary production through wastage of plastic from prior years);</li>
<p><li>plastic waste most at risk of entering the oceans is generated in coastal populations (within 50 kilometres of the coastline); this was 99.5 million tonnes;</li>
<p><li>only plastic waste which is improperly managed (mismanaged) is at significant risk of leakage to the environment; this was 31.9 million tonnes;</li>
<p><li>8 million tonnes – 3% of global annual plastics waste – entered the ocean.</li>
<p>The world produces around 350 million tonnes of plastic waste each year.</p>
<p>Estimates vary, but studies suggest that 1 to 2 million tonnes enter the oceans annually.</p>
<p>That means 0.5% of plastic waste ends up in the ocean.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -208,7 +205,7 @@ <h4>We can answer this in multiple ways:</h4>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/plastic-waste-by-sector"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>Packaging is the largest contributor to plastic waste (accounting for around 42 percent of the total).</p>
<p>Packaging is the largest contributor to plastic waste.</p>
<p>Packaging is the dominant form of waste because it:
<li>is the sector which <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/plastic-production-by-sector">uses the most plastic</a>
<li><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-product-lifetime-plastic">has a very low product lifetime</a>, so typically becomes waste within 6 months.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -301,7 +298,6 @@ <h4>To identify the main geographical contributors to plastic pollution, we need
<p>Once we correct for these factors we can understand the geographical distribution of plastic waste at high risk of entering the ocean.</p>
<p>Each country's share of global mismanaged coastal waste is shown in the chart opposite.
<p>Here we see very strong regional dominance particularly across Asia.</p>
<p>China, for example, accounts for 28% of mismanaged plastic waste.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
Expand All @@ -312,32 +308,7 @@ <h4>To identify the main geographical contributors to plastic pollution, we need
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mismanaged-plastic-waste-by-region-2010"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>When we aggregate by region we see the majority of plastic at risk of entering the ocean arises from Asia (more than 70%), Africa & the Middle East (17%).</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>

<section>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/river-plastics-by-region"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>Plastic can enter the ocean from coastlines or via rivers.</p>
<p>When we look at river inputs only, this regional dominance is even stronger.</p>
<p>Nearly 95% of river inputs arise from Asia (86%) and Africa (8%).</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>

<section>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/plastic-top-20-rivers"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>In fact, the top 20 rivers account for more than two-thirds of global river inputs.</p>
<p>Most of these rivers are in Asia and Africa which accounts for their strong regional dominance.</p>
<p>When we aggregate by region we see the majority of plastic at risk of entering the ocean arises from Asia and Africa, with the Americas playing a notable role.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
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<section>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/chinese-plastic-imports"></iframe>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-plastic-waste-imports?tab=chart&country=~CHN"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>Recycled plastic waste is a globally-traded commodity.</p>
<p>Historically, China (sometimes via Hong Kong) has been the largest plastic importer. China and Hong Kong have imported 72.4 percent of global traded plastic waste. <p>In the years prior to 2016, around 10% of China's total plastic waste was from imports.</p>
<p>However, at the end of 2017 China imposed a complete ban on the imports of non-industrial plastic waste.</p>
<p>Global trade of plastics has changed a lot in the last few years.</p>
<p>Historically, China has been the largest plastic importer. But in 2017, it banned imports of non-industrial plastic waste.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>

<section>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/plastic-exports-to-china"></iframe>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/imports-exports-plastic-income-group"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>The top 10 exporting countries accounted for 76% of China's imports.</p>
<p>Most of these were high-income countries.
<p>Trade of plastic waste from rich countries with effective waste management to middle or low-income countries effectively transfers waste from countries of low risk of ocean pollution to countries with moderate-to-high risk.</p>
</figcaption>
<p>A number of other middle-income countries have done the same.</p>
<p>We can see this income group's share of global plastic imports has fallen dramatically</p>
</figure>
</section>

<section>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/imports-exports-plastic-income-group"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>You can also see that the amount of plastic waste that rich countries <strong>export</strong> has fallen.</p>
<p>This is because middle-income countries are less willing to trade.</p>
</figure>
</section>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -419,7 +398,6 @@ <h4>Development of effective waste management infrastructure in all countries</h
<figcaption>
<p>Most ocean plastic arises from countries with poor waste management infrastructure.</p>
<p>Development of effective waste management infrastructure in all countries should be a <strong>global</strong> priority.
<p>The largest impact rich countries can have on global plastic pollution is investment in waste management in low-to-middle income countries.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
Expand All @@ -428,11 +406,10 @@ <h4>Development of effective waste management infrastructure in all countries</h
<h4>Development of effective waste management infrastructure in all countries</h4>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mismanaged-plastic-waste-by-region-2010"></iframe>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mismanaged-plastic-waste-per-capita"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>If all countries had effective waste management (equivalent to high-income countries), mismanaged plastic waste could be reduced by 80%.
<p>For comparison: total mismanaged waste from North America & Europe was less than 5%. Even a complete plastic ban across the richest countries would have a relatively small impact at the global scale.</p>
<p>If all countries had effective waste management, ocean plastics would fall dramatically.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
Expand All @@ -442,11 +419,11 @@ <h4>Cease plastic trade from rich to low or middle-income countries
<br> without sufficient investment in waste management infrastructure</h4>
<figure>

<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-cumulative-plastic-exports"></iframe>
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/imports-exports-plastic-income-group"></iframe>

<figcaption>
<p>The largest plastic exporters are some of the world's richest countries.</p>
<p><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution#plastic-trade-impact-of-china-s-import-ban">Trade to lower income countries</a> transfers waste from well-managed to poorly-managed locations, increasing risk of ocean pollution.
<p>Trade to lower-income countriestransfers waste from well-managed to poorly-managed locations, increasing the risk of ocean pollution.
<p>Rich countries should handle waste domestically & cease trade of plastic trade unless sufficient infrastructure is in place. A tax for exporting countries is one suggested method of raising funds for waste management services.</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -484,8 +461,7 @@ <h4>Longer-term shifts in consumption models</h4>
<section>
<h3>Explore this topic in detail at our:</h3>
<p>
<h3><a href="ttps://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution">Main entry on Plastic Pollution</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/faq-on-plastics">FAQs on Plastics</a></h3>
<h3><a href="ttps://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution">Main topic on Plastic Pollution</a></h3>
</section>

<section data-transition="slide">
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -556,4 +532,4 @@ <h3><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/faq-on-plastics">FAQs on Plastics</a></h
<script src="../js/jquery.fullscreen.js"></script>
<script src="../js/owid.slides.js"></script>
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