From 7e37dbd449a85eeb2a8a7c4946e441cc2fae1bd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: LuisParada7 <luisdaniel.paradamesa@openlms.net>
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 10:17:07 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fix_line_endings_and_whitespace

---
 .../course_action_section_duplicate.php       |  4 +-
 classes/webservice/ws_feed.php                |  2 +-
 layout/course-index-category.php              | 64 +++++++++----------
 layout/default.php                            | 24 +++----
 .../behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php    |  2 +-
 tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php      |  2 +-
 tests/custom_menu_spacing_test.php            |  2 +-
 tests/local_test.php                          |  2 +-
 tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php          |  2 +-
 tests/urls_and_strings_check_test.php         |  4 +-
 .../src/app/app.component.html                |  1 -
 11 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/classes/renderables/course_action_section_duplicate.php b/classes/renderables/course_action_section_duplicate.php
index a7beca9ea..3619963ca 100644
--- a/classes/renderables/course_action_section_duplicate.php
+++ b/classes/renderables/course_action_section_duplicate.php
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class course_action_section_duplicate extends course_action_section_base {
      * course_action_section_duplicate constructor.
      * @param \stdClass $course
      * @param section_info $section
-     * @param bool $onsectionpage 
+     * @param bool $onsectionpage
      */
     public function __construct($course, section_info $section, $onsectionpage = false) {
         if ($onsectionpage) {
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ public function __construct($course, section_info $section, $onsectionpage = fal
             $this->url = $duplicatesectionurl;
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/classes/webservice/ws_feed.php b/classes/webservice/ws_feed.php
index 059dfc7c3..7f0fc89c2 100644
--- a/classes/webservice/ws_feed.php
+++ b/classes/webservice/ws_feed.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public static function service_returns() {
                 'extraClasses' => new external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Feed item extra CSS classes'),
                 'fromCache'    => new external_value(PARAM_INT, 'Data from cache flag'),
                 'itemId'       => new external_value(PARAM_INT, 'Id item we are sending', VALUE_DEFAULT),
-                'urlParameter' => new external_value(PARAM_BOOL,'Flag to add URL parameter', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
+                'urlParameter' => new external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Flag to add URL parameter', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
             ])
         );
     }
diff --git a/layout/course-index-category.php b/layout/course-index-category.php
index 05ebf5d81..c531ddf42 100644
--- a/layout/course-index-category.php
+++ b/layout/course-index-category.php
@@ -49,48 +49,48 @@
             <?php
                 $categories = $PAGE->categories;
                 if (empty($categories)) {
-                    $catname = get_string('courses', 'theme_snap');
-                    $catname = format_text($catname);
-                    echo '<h1>' . html_to_text(s($catname)) . '</h1>';
+                $catname = get_string('courses', 'theme_snap');
+                $catname = format_text($catname);
+                echo '<h1>' . html_to_text(s($catname)) . '</h1>';
                 } else {
-                    // Get the current category name and description.
-                    $cat = reset($categories);
-                    $catid = $cat->id;
-                    $catname = format_text($cat->name);
-                    $catdescription = $cat->description;
+                // Get the current category name and description.
+                $cat = reset($categories);
+                $catid = $cat->id;
+                $catname = format_text($cat->name);
+                $catdescription = $cat->description;
 
-                    // Category edit link.
-                    $editcatagory = '';
-                    if (can_edit_in_category($catid)) {
-                        $editurl = new moodle_url('/course/editcategory.php', ['id' => $catid]);
-                        $editcatagory = '<div><a href=" '.$editurl.' " class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">'
-                                .get_string('categoryedit', 'theme_snap').'</a></div>';
+                // Category edit link.
+                $editcatagory = '';
+                if (can_edit_in_category($catid)) {
+                    $editurl = new moodle_url('/course/editcategory.php', ['id' => $catid]);
+                    $editcatagory = '<div><a href=" '.$editurl.' " class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">'
+                            .get_string('categoryedit', 'theme_snap').'</a></div>';
                     }
 
-                    // Category summary.
-                    $catsummary = '';
-                    if ($catdescription) {
-                        $content = context_coursecat::instance($cat->id);
-                        $catdescription = file_rewrite_pluginfile_urls($catdescription,
-                            'pluginfile.php', $content->id, 'coursecat', 'description', null);
-                        $options = array('noclean' => true, 'overflowdiv' => false);
-                        $catsummary = '<div class="snap-category-description">'
-                            .format_text($catdescription, $cat->descriptionformat, $options).
-                            $editcatagory.'</div>';
-                    } else {
-                        // No summary, output edit link.
-                        $catsummary = $editcatagory;
+                // Category summary.
+                $catsummary = '';
+                if ($catdescription) {
+                    $content = context_coursecat::instance($cat->id);
+                    $catdescription = file_rewrite_pluginfile_urls($catdescription,
+                        'pluginfile.php', $content->id, 'coursecat', 'description', null);
+                    $options = array('noclean' => true, 'overflowdiv' => false);
+                    $catsummary = '<div class="snap-category-description">'
+                        .format_text($catdescription, $cat->descriptionformat, $options).
+                        $editcatagory.'</div>';
+                } else {
+                    // No summary, output edit link.
+                    $catsummary = $editcatagory;
                     }
-                    echo '<h1>' . html_to_text(s($catname)) . '</h1>';
-                    echo $catsummary;
+                echo '<h1>' . html_to_text(s($catname)) . '</h1>';
+                echo $catsummary;
                 }
 
                 $iscoursecat = $PAGE->context->contextlevel === CONTEXT_COURSECAT;
                 $manageurl = false;
                 if (has_capability('moodle/category:manage', $PAGE->context)) {
-                    $manageurl = new moodle_url('/course/management.php');
-                    if ($iscoursecat) {
-                        echo '<div class="text-right">' . $OUTPUT->cover_image_selector() . '</div>';
+                $manageurl = new moodle_url('/course/management.php');
+                if ($iscoursecat) {
+                    echo '<div class="text-right">' . $OUTPUT->cover_image_selector() . '</div>';
                     }
                 }
                 ?>
diff --git a/layout/default.php b/layout/default.php
index c3710f09e..1c8561e5d 100644
--- a/layout/default.php
+++ b/layout/default.php
@@ -67,28 +67,28 @@
         <div class="breadcrumb-nav" aria-label="breadcrumb"><?php echo $OUTPUT->snapnavbar($mastimage); ?></div>
     <?php }
         if ($carousel) {
-            // Front page carousel.
-            echo $carousel;
+        // Front page carousel.
+        echo $carousel;
         } else {
-            // Front page banner image.
+        // Front page banner image.
     ?>
         <div id="page-mast">
-        <?php
-            echo $OUTPUT->page_heading();
-            echo $OUTPUT->course_header();
-            // Content bank for Snap.
-            if ($PAGE->pagetype === 'contentbank') {
-                echo $OUTPUT->snap_content_bank();
+    <?php
+        echo $OUTPUT->page_heading();
+        echo $OUTPUT->course_header();
+        // Content bank for Snap.
+        if ($PAGE->pagetype === 'contentbank') {
+            echo $OUTPUT->snap_content_bank();
             }
         ?>
         </div>
         <?php
-            if ($this->page->user_is_editing() && $PAGE->pagetype == 'site-index') {
-                echo $OUTPUT->cover_image_selector();
+        if ($this->page->user_is_editing() && $PAGE->pagetype == 'site-index') {
+            echo $OUTPUT->cover_image_selector();
             }
         } // End else.
         if ($PAGE->pagetype == 'admin-search') {
-            echo implode('', $PAGE->get_header_actions());
+        echo implode('', $PAGE->get_header_actions());
         }
         ?>
 </div>
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
index 54a410717..ce9768fec 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public function i_set_the_following_system_permissions_of_role($rolename, $table
      * Sets a specific capability for a student inside a course.
      * @param string $capability
      */
-    public function i_set_activityvisibility_capability_to_student ($capability) {
+    public function i_set_activityvisibility_capability_to_student($capability) {
         global $DB;
 
         $DB->insert_record('role_capabilities', array(
diff --git a/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php b/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
index 1000a015a..e4b134fd7 100644
--- a/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
+++ b/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class course_module_recycle_bin_test extends \advanced_testcase {
     /**
      * Setup for each test.
      */
-    protected function setUp():void {
+    protected function setUp(): void {
         global $CFG;
 
         $CFG->theme = 'snap';
diff --git a/tests/custom_menu_spacing_test.php b/tests/custom_menu_spacing_test.php
index cb9f2042d..295a0ba0e 100644
--- a/tests/custom_menu_spacing_test.php
+++ b/tests/custom_menu_spacing_test.php
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class custom_menu_spacing_test extends \advanced_testcase {
     /**
      * Setup for each test.
      */
-    protected function setUp():void {
+    protected function setUp(): void {
         global $CFG;
         $CFG->theme = 'snap';
         $this->resetAfterTest(true);
diff --git a/tests/local_test.php b/tests/local_test.php
index 11531c220..303987b23 100644
--- a/tests/local_test.php
+++ b/tests/local_test.php
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ public function test_course_completion_progress_limit() {
      * @throws \dml_exception
      */
 
-    public function completion_activity_helper ($student, $teacher, $courses) {
+    public function completion_activity_helper($student, $teacher, $courses) {
         global $DB;
         $generator = $this->getDataGenerator();
         $courseids = [];
diff --git a/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php b/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
index 997c1439a..04521881b 100644
--- a/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
+++ b/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ protected function plugin_present($component) {
      * Pre-requisites for tests.
      * @throws \coding_exception
      */
-    public function setUp():void {
+    public function setUp(): void {
         global $CFG, $DB;
 
         require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/mod/forum/lib.php');
diff --git a/tests/urls_and_strings_check_test.php b/tests/urls_and_strings_check_test.php
index fba1bdbe4..7193090ac 100644
--- a/tests/urls_and_strings_check_test.php
+++ b/tests/urls_and_strings_check_test.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class urls_and_strings_check_test extends \advanced_testcase {
     /**
      * Setup for each test.
      */
-    protected function setUp():void {
+    protected function setUp(): void {
         $this->resetAfterTest();
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public function gettranslations() {
         ];
     }
 
-    public function test_edit_button () {
+    public function test_edit_button() {
         global $PAGE;
 
         $renderer = $PAGE->get_renderer('theme_snap', 'core', RENDERER_TARGET_GENERAL);
diff --git a/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/src/app/app.component.html b/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/src/app/app.component.html
index 5226d57f5..a0c0f017f 100644
--- a/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/src/app/app.component.html
+++ b/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/src/app/app.component.html
@@ -17,4 +17,3 @@ <h2><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://angular.io/cli">CLI Document
     <h2><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.angular.io/">Angular blog</a></h2>
   </li>
 </ul>
-

From 490d1ff2c276106c79f15fed134237821481bf9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: LuisParada7 <luisdaniel.paradamesa@openlms.net>
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2024 01:06:19 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Fix short syntax array

---
 classes/activity.php                          |  30 ++--
 classes/admin_setting_configcolorcategory.php |   2 +-
 .../activity_retrieval_strategy.php           |  14 +-
 classes/controller/addsection_controller.php  |  10 +-
 classes/controller/controller_abstract.php    |   2 +-
 classes/controller/kernel.php                 |   2 +-
 .../controller/mediaresource_controller.php   |  14 +-
 classes/controller/pagemod_controller.php     |  12 +-
 classes/controller/router.php                 |   2 +-
 .../snap_personal_menu_controller.php         |  20 +--
 classes/course_total_grade.php                |  14 +-
 classes/image.php                             |   4 +-
 classes/local.php                             |  62 +++----
 classes/message.php                           |   4 +-
 classes/mod_hvp_renderer.php                  |   4 +-
 classes/output/core/course_renderer.php       |  18 +-
 classes/output/format_section_trait.php       |  78 ++++-----
 classes/output/mod_folder_renderer.php        |   8 +-
 classes/output/shared.php                     | 136 ++++++++--------
 .../course_action_section_delete.php          |   4 +-
 classes/services/course.php                   |  12 +-
 classes/webservice/ws_course_card.php         |   4 +-
 .../webservice/ws_course_cards_categories.php |   4 +-
 classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_data.php   |   8 +-
 .../webservice/ws_file_manager_options.php    |   6 +-
 config.php                                    | 154 +++++++++---------
 db/caches.php                                 |   4 +-
 db/upgrade.php                                |   4 +-
 index.php                                     |   2 +-
 layout/faux_site_index.php                    |  24 +--
 layout/nav.php                                |   4 +-
 lib.php                                       |  30 ++--
 rest.php                                      |   2 +-
 settings/course_settings.php                  |   4 +-
 settings/cover_settings.php                   |   8 +-
 settings/feature_spots_settings.php           |   6 +-
 settings/login_settings.php                   |   8 +-
 settings/personal_menu_settings.php           |   4 +-
 settings/snap_basics.php                      |   4 +-
 tests/activity_test.php                       |  34 ++--
 tests/assign_test.php                         |  30 ++--
 tests/behat/behat_theme_snap.php              |  14 +-
 tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course.php |   4 +-
 ...hat_theme_snap_behat_course_categories.php |  18 +-
 .../behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_general.php  |   4 +-
 .../behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php    |   6 +-
 .../behat_theme_snap_category_colors.php      |  12 +-
 tests/controller/kernel_test.php              |  12 +-
 tests/controller/router_test.php              |   6 +-
 tests/core_renderer_test.php                  |   8 +-
 tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php      |   6 +-
 tests/course_total_grade_test.php             |  12 +-
 tests/dashboard_appendices_test.php           |   4 +-
 tests/gradebookaccess_test.php                |  12 +-
 tests/local_test.php                          |  54 +++---
 tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php          |   8 +-
 tests/render_edit_mode_test.php               |   4 +-
 tests/services_course_test.php                |  30 ++--
 ...service_ws_course_card_categories_test.php |   2 +-
 tests/webservice_ws_course_card_data_test.php |   2 +-
 tests/webservice_ws_course_card_test.php      |   2 +-
 tests/webservice_ws_feed_activity_test.php    |  14 +-
 62 files changed, 515 insertions(+), 515 deletions(-)

diff --git a/classes/activity.php b/classes/activity.php
index 3746ab457..c0b012023 100644
--- a/classes/activity.php
+++ b/classes/activity.php
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public static function assign_meta(\cm_info $modinst) {
                        AND ac.subtype='assignsubmission'
                        AND plugin!='comments'
                   GROUP BY a.id;";
-            $submissionsenabled = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, array($courseid));
+            $submissionsenabled = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, [$courseid]);
             $coursequeried = $courseid;
         }
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ public static function forum_meta(\cm_info $modinst) {
     public static function assign_ungraded($courseids, $since = null) {
         global $DB;
 
-        $ungraded = array();
+        $ungraded = [];
 
         if ($since === null) {
             $since = time() - (12 * WEEKSECS);
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ public static function quiz_ungraded($courseids, $since = null) {
             $since = time() - (12 * WEEKSECS);
         }
 
-        $ungraded = array();
+        $ungraded = [];
 
         foreach ($courseids as $courseid) {
 
@@ -489,13 +489,13 @@ public static function assign_num_submissions_ungraded($courseid, $modid) {
         }
 
         // Check to see if this assign is graded.
-        $params = array(
+        $params = [
             'courseid'      => $courseid,
             'itemtype'      => 'mod',
             'itemmodule'    => 'assign',
             'gradetypenone' => GRADE_TYPE_NONE,
             'gradetypetext' => GRADE_TYPE_TEXT,
-        );
+        ];
 
         $sql = 'SELECT DISTINCT iteminstance
                 FROM {grade_items}
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ protected static function std_num_submissions($courseid,
                                                   $extraselect = '') {
         global $DB;
 
-        static $modtotalsbyid = array();
+        static $modtotalsbyid = [];
 
         if (!isset($modtotalsbyid[$maintable][$courseid])) {
             // Results are not cached, so lets get them.
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ protected static function std_num_submissions($courseid,
     public static function assign_num_submissions($courseid, $modid) {
         global $DB;
 
-        static $modtotalsbyid = array();
+        static $modtotalsbyid = [];
 
         if (!isset($modtotalsbyid['assign'][$courseid])) {
             // Results are not cached, so lets get them.
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ public static function get_submission_row($courseid, $mod, $submissiontable, $mo
         global $DB, $USER;
 
         // Note: Caches all submissions to minimise database transactions.
-        static $submissions = array();
+        static $submissions = [];
 
         // Pull from cache?
         if (!PHPUNIT_TEST) {
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ public static function instance_activity_dates($courseid, \cm_info $mod, $timeop
                 $assigninstance = $assign->id;
                 $dates = $moddates[$courseid . '_' . $modname][$assigninstance];
                 // Check if there is any extension.
-                $flags = $DB->get_record('assign_user_flags', array('assignment' => $assigninstance, 'userid' => $USER->id));
+                $flags = $DB->get_record('assign_user_flags', ['assignment' => $assigninstance, 'userid' => $USER->id]);
                 if (!empty($flags->extensionduedate)) {
                     // If there is an extension, then assign the duedate of the extension.
                     $timeclose = $flags->extensionduedate;
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ public static function instance_activity_dates($courseid, \cm_info $mod, $timeop
     public static function grade_row($courseid, $mod) {
         global $DB, $USER;
 
-        static $grades = array();
+        static $grades = [];
 
         if (isset($grades[$courseid.'_'.$mod->modname])
             && isset($grades[$courseid.'_'.$mod->modname][$mod->instance])
@@ -1163,12 +1163,12 @@ public static function grade_row($courseid, $mod) {
                          OR gg.feedback IS NOT NULL
                      )
                      ";
-        $params = array(
+        $params = [
             'modname' => $mod->modname,
             'courseid1' => $courseid,
             'courseid2' => $courseid,
             'userid' => $USER->id,
-        );
+        ];
         $grades[$courseid.'_'.$mod->modname] = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);
 
         if (isset($grades[$courseid.'_'.$mod->modname][$mod->instance])) {
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ public static function events_graded($onlyactive = true, $showfrom = null) {
         $params = array_merge($params, [$USER->id, $showfrom, $showfrom]);
         $grades = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params, 0, 5);
 
-        $eventdata = array();
+        $eventdata = [];
         foreach ($grades as $grade) {
             $eventdata[] = $grade;
         }
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ private static function get_groups_sql($courseid) {
 
         $sqlgroupsjoin = '';
         $sqlgroupswhere = '';
-        $groupparams = array();
+        $groupparams = [];
 
         $course = get_course($courseid);
         $groupmode = groups_get_course_groupmode($course);
@@ -1703,7 +1703,7 @@ private static function get_groups_sql($courseid) {
                    WHERE g.courseid = :courseid2
                      AND gm.userid = :userid)";
         }
-        return array($sqlgroupsjoin, $sqlgroupswhere, $groupparams);
+        return [$sqlgroupsjoin, $sqlgroupswhere, $groupparams];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/classes/admin_setting_configcolorcategory.php b/classes/admin_setting_configcolorcategory.php
index ec625c611..10b1f6bed 100644
--- a/classes/admin_setting_configcolorcategory.php
+++ b/classes/admin_setting_configcolorcategory.php
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public function write_setting($data) {
      */
     private function validate_text($data) {
         $temp = $data;
-        $symbols = array('{', '}', '"');
+        $symbols = ['{', '}', '"'];
         foreach ($symbols as $symbol) {
             $temp = str_replace($symbol, '', $temp);
         }
diff --git a/classes/calendar/event/strategies/activity_retrieval_strategy.php b/classes/calendar/event/strategies/activity_retrieval_strategy.php
index afc8cd832..4c2e02b4a 100644
--- a/classes/calendar/event/strategies/activity_retrieval_strategy.php
+++ b/classes/calendar/event/strategies/activity_retrieval_strategy.php
@@ -62,23 +62,23 @@ protected function get_raw_events_legacy_implementation(
     ) {
         global $DB, $CFG;
 
-        $params = array();
+        $params = [];
         // Quick test.
         if (empty($users) && empty($groups) && empty($courses) && empty($categories)) {
-            return array();
+            return [];
         }
 
         if (is_numeric($users)) {
-            $users = array($users);
+            $users = [$users];
         }
         if (is_numeric($groups)) {
-            $groups = array($groups);
+            $groups = [$groups];
         }
         if (is_numeric($courses)) {
-            $courses = array($courses);
+            $courses = [$courses];
         }
         if (is_numeric($categories)) {
-            $categories = array($categories);
+            $categories = [$categories];
         }
 
         // Array of filter conditions. To be concatenated by the OR operator.
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ protected function get_raw_events_legacy_implementation(
         // events no matter what. Allowing the code to proceed might return a completely
         // valid query with only time constraints, thus selecting ALL events in that time frame!
         if (empty($filters)) {
-            return array();
+            return [];
         }
 
         // Build our clause for the filters.
diff --git a/classes/controller/addsection_controller.php b/classes/controller/addsection_controller.php
index 92c9913ea..cdd9e238b 100644
--- a/classes/controller/addsection_controller.php
+++ b/classes/controller/addsection_controller.php
@@ -66,19 +66,19 @@ public function addsection_action() {
         $numsections = course_get_format($courseid)->get_last_section_number() + 1;
         course_create_sections_if_missing($course, range(0, $numsections));
 
-        $options = array(
+        $options = [
             'subdirs' => 0,
             'maxbytes' => 0,
             'maxfiles' => -1,
             'context' => $context,
-        );
+        ];
         $modinfo = get_fast_modinfo($course);
         $section = $modinfo->get_section_info($numsections, MUST_EXIST);
         $summarytext = file_save_draft_area_files($draftitemid, $context->id, 'course', 'section',
                                                   $section->id, $options, $summarytext);
-        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'name', $sectioname, array('id' => $section->id));
-        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'summary', $summarytext, array('id' => $section->id));
-        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'summaryformat', $summaryformat, array('id' => $section->id));
+        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'name', $sectioname, ['id' => $section->id]);
+        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'summary', $summarytext, ['id' => $section->id]);
+        $DB->set_field('course_sections', 'summaryformat', $summaryformat, ['id' => $section->id]);
         rebuild_course_cache($course->id);
 
         redirect(course_get_url($course, $section->section));
diff --git a/classes/controller/controller_abstract.php b/classes/controller/controller_abstract.php
index 0a943dc8f..2ef6e4d34 100644
--- a/classes/controller/controller_abstract.php
+++ b/classes/controller/controller_abstract.php
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ abstract class controller_abstract {
      * @param array $params
      * @return \moodle_url
      */
-    public function new_url($params = array()) {
+    public function new_url($params = []) {
         global $PAGE;
 
         $url = $PAGE->url;
diff --git a/classes/controller/kernel.php b/classes/controller/kernel.php
index d9a844fdb..d3f555b2f 100644
--- a/classes/controller/kernel.php
+++ b/classes/controller/kernel.php
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public function resolve_controller_callback($action) {
 
         $controller->init($action);
 
-        return array($controller, $method);
+        return [$controller, $method];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/classes/controller/mediaresource_controller.php b/classes/controller/mediaresource_controller.php
index 92e7613cf..d07ae04c2 100644
--- a/classes/controller/mediaresource_controller.php
+++ b/classes/controller/mediaresource_controller.php
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ private function get_media_html($resource, $context, \cm_info $cm) {
         } else {
             $file = reset($files);
             unset($files);
-            $embedoptions = array(
+            $embedoptions = [
                 \core_media_manager::OPTION_TRUSTED => true,
                 \core_media_manager::OPTION_BLOCK => true,
-            );
+            ];
             $path = '/'.$context->id.'/mod_resource/content/'.$resource->revision.$file->get_filepath().$file->get_filename();
             $moodleurl = new \moodle_url('/pluginfile.php' . $path);
             $embedhtml = \core_media_manager::instance()->embed_url($moodleurl, $resource->name, 0, 0, $embedoptions);
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ private function read_media() {
         $context  = \context_module::instance($cm->id);
 
         // Trigger module instance viewed event.
-        $event = \mod_resource\event\course_module_viewed::create(array(
+        $event = \mod_resource\event\course_module_viewed::create([
             'objectid' => $cm->instance,
             'context' => $context,
-        ));
-        $resource = $DB->get_record('resource', array('id' => $cm->instance));
+        ]);
+        $resource = $DB->get_record('resource', ['id' => $cm->instance]);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('course_modules', $cm);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('course', $COURSE);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('resource', $resource);
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ private function read_media() {
     public function get_media_action() {
         $media = $this->read_media();
 
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => $media->content,
             'completionhtml' => $media->completionhtml,
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/classes/controller/pagemod_controller.php b/classes/controller/pagemod_controller.php
index 6ffa6f8a8..2f0acade6 100644
--- a/classes/controller/pagemod_controller.php
+++ b/classes/controller/pagemod_controller.php
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ private function read_page() {
         $context = $PAGE->context;
 
         // Trigger module instance viewed event.
-        $event = \mod_page\event\course_module_viewed::create(array(
+        $event = \mod_page\event\course_module_viewed::create([
             'objectid' => $page->id,
             'context' => $context,
-        ));
+        ]);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('course_modules', $cm);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('course', $COURSE);
         $event->add_record_snapshot('page', $page);
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ private function read_page() {
     public function get_page_action() {
         $page = $this->read_page();
 
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => $page->content,
             'cmid' => $page->cmid,
             'completionhtml' => $page->completionhtml,
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ public function get_page_action() {
     public function read_page_action() {
         $page = $this->read_page();
 
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'id' => $page->id,
             'cmid' => $page->cmid,
             'completionhtml' => $page->completionhtml,
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/classes/controller/router.php b/classes/controller/router.php
index c76845ed6..181730c43 100644
--- a/classes/controller/router.php
+++ b/classes/controller/router.php
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public function route_action($action) {
             } else if ($reflection->getMethod($method)->isPublic() !== true) {
                 throw new coding_exception("The controller callback is not public: $method");
             }
-            return array($controller, $method);
+            return [$controller, $method];
         }
         throw new coding_exception("Unable to handle request for $method");
     }
diff --git a/classes/controller/snap_personal_menu_controller.php b/classes/controller/snap_personal_menu_controller.php
index 565c8b6c5..24ee0ca50 100644
--- a/classes/controller/snap_personal_menu_controller.php
+++ b/classes/controller/snap_personal_menu_controller.php
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ public function get_deadlines_action() {
      * @return string
      */
     public function get_forumposts_action() {
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => \theme_snap\local::render_recent_forum_activity(),
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ public function get_forumposts_action() {
      * @return string
      */
     public function get_graded_action() {
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => \theme_snap\local::graded(),
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ public function get_graded_action() {
      * @return string
      */
     public function get_messages_action() {
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => \theme_snap\local::messages(),
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ public function get_messages_action() {
      * @return string
      */
     public function get_grading_action() {
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'html' => \theme_snap\local::grading(),
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ public function get_courseinfo_action() {
             $courseids = explode(',', $courseids);
         }
         $courseinfo = \theme_snap\local::courseinfo($courseids);
-        return json_encode(array(
+        return json_encode([
             'info' => $courseinfo,
-        ));
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/classes/course_total_grade.php b/classes/course_total_grade.php
index d5521a0ba..1a845bf6d 100644
--- a/classes/course_total_grade.php
+++ b/classes/course_total_grade.php
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ public function __construct($user, $gpr, $course) {
         $this->context = \context_course::instance($course->id);
         $this->gradebookroles = $CFG->gradebookroles;
 
-        $this->showtotalsifcontainhidden = array();
+        $this->showtotalsifcontainhidden = [];
 
-        $this->studentcourseids = array();
-        $this->teachercourses = array();
+        $this->studentcourseids = [];
+        $this->teachercourses = [];
         $roleids = explode(',', get_config('moodle', 'gradebookroles'));
 
         $this->showtotalsifcontainhidden[$course->id] = grade_get_setting($course->id,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public function get_course_total($studentcoursesonly = true) {
         global $USER;
 
         // Default 'empty' output.
-        $output = array("value" => '-', "percentage" => '-');
+        $output = ["value" => '-', "percentage" => '-'];
 
         if ($studentcoursesonly && !$this->isstudent) {
             return $output;
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ public function get_course_total($studentcoursesonly = true) {
         $courseitem = grade_item::fetch_course_item($this->course->id);
 
         // Get the stored grade.
-        $coursegrade = new grade_grade(array('itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $this->user->id));
+        $coursegrade = new grade_grade(['itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $this->user->id]);
         $coursegrade->grade_item =& $courseitem;
         $finalgrade = $coursegrade->finalgrade;
 
         // Return error when grade needs updating.
         if ($coursegrade->grade_item->needsupdate) {
-            return array("value" => get_string('error'), "percentage" => '-');
+            return ["value" => get_string('error'), "percentage" => '-'];
         }
 
         $canviewhidden = has_capability('moodle/grade:viewhidden', $this->context);
@@ -172,6 +172,6 @@ public function get_course_total($studentcoursesonly = true) {
             true, GRADE_DISPLAY_TYPE_PERCENTAGE);
 
         $value = grade_format_gradevalue(unformat_float($finalgrade), $coursegrade->grade_item);
-        return array("value" => $value, "percentage" => $percentage);
+        return ["value" => $value, "percentage" => $percentage];
     }
 }
diff --git a/classes/image.php b/classes/image.php
index ffea6b9af..74e151bce 100644
--- a/classes/image.php
+++ b/classes/image.php
@@ -178,13 +178,13 @@ public static function resize (
         \imagecopybicubic($newimage, $im, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newwidth, $newheight, $imageinfo->width, $imageinfo->height);
 
         $fs = \get_file_storage();
-        $newimageparams = array(
+        $newimageparams = [
             'contextid' => $contextid,
             'component' => $component,
             'filearea' => $filearea,
             'itemid' => $itemid,
             'filepath' => '/',
-        );
+        ];
 
         \ob_start();
         if ($imagefnc == 'imagejpeg') {
diff --git a/classes/local.php b/classes/local.php
index 9c9024fec..5d4001308 100644
--- a/classes/local.php
+++ b/classes/local.php
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ class local {
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function item_has_grade_or_feedback($item) {
-        $typekeys = array ('grade', 'feedback');
+        $typekeys = ['grade', 'feedback'];
         foreach ($typekeys as $typekey) {
             if (!empty($item[$typekey]['content'])) {
                 // Set grade content to null string if it contents - or a blank space.
-                $item[$typekey]['content'] = str_ireplace(array('-', '&nbsp;'), '', $item[$typekey]['content']);
+                $item[$typekey]['content'] = str_ireplace(['-', '&nbsp;'], '', $item[$typekey]['content']);
             }
             // Is there an error message in the content (can't check on message as it is localized,
             // so check on the class for gradingerror.
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ public static function course_grade($course, $oncoursedashboard = false) {
         // Get course grade_item.
         $courseitem = \grade_item::fetch_course_item($course->id);
         // Get the stored grade.
-        $coursegrade = new \grade_grade(array('itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $USER->id));
+        $coursegrade = new \grade_grade(['itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $USER->id]);
         $coursegrade->grade_item =& $courseitem;
 
-        $feedbackurl = new \moodle_url('/grade/report/user/index.php', array('id' => $course->id));
+        $feedbackurl = new \moodle_url('/grade/report/user/index.php', ['id' => $course->id]);
         // Default feedbackobj.
         $feedbackobj = (object) [
             'feedbackurl' => $feedbackurl->out(),
@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ public static function course_grade($course, $oncoursedashboard = false) {
 
         if (!$coursegrade->is_hidden() || $canviewhidden) {
             // Use overview grade report to get course total - this is to take hidden grade settings into account.
-            $gpr = new \grade_plugin_return(array(
+            $gpr = new \grade_plugin_return([
                     'type' => 'report',
                     'plugin' => 'overview',
                     'courseid' => $course->id,
-                    'userid' => $USER->id, )
+                    'userid' => $USER->id, ]
             );
 
             // Create a report instance.
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ public static function get_course_categories($course) {
         }
 
         $categories = [];
-        $category = $DB->get_record('course_categories', array('id' => $course->category));
+        $category = $DB->get_record('course_categories', ['id' => $course->category]);
         if (!$category) {
             throw new \moodle_exception('unknowncategory');
         }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ public static function resolve_theme() {
         global $CFG, $USER, $SESSION, $COURSE;
 
         if (empty($CFG->themeorder)) {
-            $themeorder = array('course', 'category', 'session', 'user', 'site');
+            $themeorder = ['course', 'category', 'session', 'user', 'site'];
         } else {
             $themeorder = $CFG->themeorder;
             // Just in case, make sure we always use the site theme if nothing else matched.
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ public static function conditionally_unavailable_elements($course) {
     public static function courseinfo($courseids) {
         global $CFG;
 
-        $courseinfo = array();
+        $courseinfo = [];
 
         $courses = enrol_get_my_courses(['enablecompletion', 'showgrades']);
 
@@ -482,10 +482,10 @@ public static function courseinfo($courseids) {
             }
             $course = $courses[$courseid];
 
-            $courseinfo[$courseid] = (object) array(
+            $courseinfo[$courseid] = (object) [
                 'course' => $courseid,
                 'completion' => self::course_completion_progress($course),
-            );
+            ];
 
             if (!empty($showgrades)) {
                 $feedback = self::course_grade($course);
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ public static function courseinfo($courseids) {
      * @return int
      */
     public static function course_participant_count($courseid, $modname = null) {
-        static $participantcount = array();
+        static $participantcount = [];
 
         if (defined('PHPUNIT_TEST') && PHPUNIT_TEST) {
             $participantcount = [];
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ public static function count_enrolled_users(\context $context, $withcapability =
 
         $sqlgroupsjoin = '';
         $sqlgroupswhere = '';
-        $params = array();
+        $params = [];
 
         $course = get_course($context->instanceid);
         $groupmode = groups_get_course_groupmode($course);
@@ -681,16 +681,16 @@ public static function get_user_messages($userid, $since = null, $limitfrom = 0,
                $lastmessage
           ORDER BY m.timecreated DESC";
 
-        $params = array(
+        $params = [
             'userid' => $userid,
             'fromdate' => $since,
             'actiondeleted' => \core_message\api::MESSAGE_ACTION_DELETED,
             'actionread' => \core_message\api::MESSAGE_ACTION_READ,
-        );
+        ];
 
         $records = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params, $limitfrom, $limitnum);
 
-        $messages = array();
+        $messages = [];
         foreach ($records as $record) {
             $message = new message($record);
             $message->set_fromuser(\user_picture::unalias($record, null, 'useridfrom', 'fromuser'));
@@ -742,9 +742,9 @@ public static function messages_data($renderhtml = false, $limitfrom = 0, $limit
         foreach ($messages as $message) {
             // This URL will be to redirect the user to an unread message through the personal menu feed and open
             // the specific message in the message index page.
-            $url = new \moodle_url('/message/index.php', array(
+            $url = new \moodle_url('/message/index.php', [
                 'viewing' => 'unread',
-                'user2' => $message->useridfrom, )
+                'user2' => $message->useridfrom, ]
             );
 
             if (!$renderhtml) {
@@ -814,9 +814,9 @@ public static function relative_time($timeinpast, $relativeto = null) {
             $relativetext = get_string('ago', 'message', $relativetext);
         }
         $datetime = date(\DateTime::W3C, $timeinpast);
-        return html_writer::tag('time', $relativetext, array(
+        return html_writer::tag('time', $relativetext, [
             'is' => 'relative-time',
-            'datetime' => $datetime, )
+            'datetime' => $datetime, ]
         );
     }
 
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ public static function graded_data($onlyactive = true, $renderhtml = false) {
             $releasedon = isset($grade->timemodified) ? $grade->timemodified : $grade->timecreated;
             $meta = get_string('released', 'theme_snap', $output->friendly_datetime($releasedon));
 
-            $grade = new \grade_grade(array('itemid' => $grade->itemid, 'userid' => $USER->id));
+            $grade = new \grade_grade(['itemid' => $grade->itemid, 'userid' => $USER->id]);
 
             $snapfeedsurlparam = isset($CFG->theme_snap_feeds_url_parameter) ? $CFG->theme_snap_feeds_url_parameter : true;
 
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ public static function all_ungraded($userid, $since = null) {
         $courseids = self::gradeable_courseids($userid);
 
         if (empty($courseids)) {
-            return array();
+            return [];
         }
 
         if ($since === null) {
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ public static function all_ungraded($userid, $since = null) {
             }
         }
 
-        usort($grading, array('self', 'sort_graded'));
+        usort($grading, ['self', 'sort_graded']);
 
         return $grading;
     }
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ public static function extract_first_image($html) {
         if ($imagetags->item(0)) {
             $src = $imagetags->item(0)->getAttribute('src');
             $alt = $imagetags->item(0)->getAttribute('alt');
-            return array('src' => $src, 'alt' => $alt);
+            return ['src' => $src, 'alt' => $alt];
         } else {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1288,14 +1288,14 @@ public static function set_course_card_image($context, $originalfile) {
             if ($cardimage) {
                 return $cardimage;
             }
-            $filespec = array(
+            $filespec = [
                 'contextid' => $context->id,
                 'component' => 'theme_snap',
                 'filearea' => 'coursecard',
                 'itemid' => 0,
                 'filepath' => '/',
                 'filename' => 'course-card-'.$id.'-'.$filename,
-            );
+            ];
             $coursecardimage = $fs->create_file_from_storedfile($filespec, $originalfile);
             $coursecardimage = image::resize($coursecardimage, false, round($coursecardwidth));
             return $coursecardimage;
@@ -1557,14 +1557,14 @@ public static function process_coverimage(\context $context, $originalfile = fal
         $extension = pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
         $newfilename .= '.'.$extension;
 
-        $filespec = array(
+        $filespec = [
             'contextid' => $context->id,
             'component' => 'theme_snap',
             'filearea' => 'coverimage',
             'itemid' => 0,
             'filepath' => '/',
             'filename' => $newfilename,
-        );
+        ];
 
         $newfile = $fs->create_file_from_storedfile($filespec, $originalfile);
         $finfo = $newfile->get_imageinfo();
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ public static function get_page_mod($mod) {
         $sql = "SELECT * FROM {course_modules} cm
                   JOIN {page} p ON p.id = cm.instance
                 WHERE cm.id = ?";
-        $page = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, array($mod->id));
+        $page = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, [$mod->id]);
         $page->cmid = $mod->id;
 
         $context = \context_module::instance($mod->id);
@@ -1900,11 +1900,11 @@ public static function recent_forum_activity($userorid = false, $limit = 10, $si
                 ];
 
                 if ($post->type === 'hsuforum') {
-                    $postuser = hsuforum_anonymize_user($postuser, (object)array(
+                    $postuser = hsuforum_anonymize_user($postuser, (object)[
                         'id' => $post->forum,
                         'course' => $post->course,
                         'anonymous' => $post->forumanonymous,
-                    ), $post);
+                    ], $post);
                 }
 
                 $activities[] = (object)[
diff --git a/classes/message.php b/classes/message.php
index 4552c3881..7ee79d351 100644
--- a/classes/message.php
+++ b/classes/message.php
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class message implements \renderable {
      */
     protected $fromuser;
 
-    public function __construct($options = array()) {
+    public function __construct($options = array[]) {
         $this->set_options($options);
     }
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public function get_fromuser() {
                 throw new \coding_exception('The message useridfrom is not set');
             }
             $this->set_fromuser(
-                $DB->get_record('user', array('id' => $this->useridfrom), \core_user\fields::for_userpic()
+                $DB->get_record('user', ['id' => $this->useridfrom], \core_user\fields::for_userpic()
                     ->get_sql('', false, '', '', false)->selects, MUST_EXIST)
             );
         }
diff --git a/classes/mod_hvp_renderer.php b/classes/mod_hvp_renderer.php
index 98e75e2bf..88f03d52c 100644
--- a/classes/mod_hvp_renderer.php
+++ b/classes/mod_hvp_renderer.php
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ public function hvp_alter_styles(&$styles, $libraries=null, $embedtype=null) {
             $content = $this->get_settings('hvpcustomcss');
 
             if (!empty($content)) {
-                $styles[] = (object) array(
+                $styles[] = (object) [
                     'path' => $this->get_style_url($content),
                     'version' => '',
-                );
+                ];
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/classes/output/core/course_renderer.php b/classes/output/core/course_renderer.php
index f7b4a0de4..461f6a9e0 100644
--- a/classes/output/core/course_renderer.php
+++ b/classes/output/core/course_renderer.php
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ protected function mod_page_html(cm_info $mod) {
 
         $pmcontextattribute = 'data-pagemodcontext="'.$mod->context->id.'"';
         $expandpagebutton = "
-            <button 
+            <button
                 class='btn collapsed w-100 pagemod-readmore readmore-button snap-action-icon'
                 {$pmcontextattribute}
                 aria-expanded='false'>
@@ -1985,30 +1985,30 @@ public function activity_groups_menu_actions($mod) {
         $render = $this->output->render($groupoptions);
 
         $groupsdropdownebutton = \html_writer::tag('button', $groupicon,
-            array(
+            [
                 'class' => 'snap-groups-more',
                 'data-toggle' => 'dropdown',
                 'data-boundary' => 'window',
                 'aria-expanded' => 'false',
                 'aria-controls' => '#snap-groups-menu',
-                ));
+                ]);
         $groupsdropdownlist = \html_writer::tag('ul', $render,
-            array(
+            [
                 'class' => 'dropdown-menu groups-edit-menu',
                 'id' => 'snap-groups-menu',
-            ));
+            ]);
         $groupsdropdownelement = \html_writer::tag('div',
             $groupsdropdownebutton.$groupsdropdownlist ,
-            array('class' => 'dropdown snap-activity-groups-dropdown'));
+            ['class' => 'dropdown snap-activity-groups-dropdown']);
 
         $output = '';
         if ($groupoptions) {
             $output .= \html_writer::tag('div',
                 $groupsdropdownelement,
-                array(
+                [
                     'class' => 'js-only snap-groups-mode-actions',
-                    'role' => 'region'
-                ));
+                    'role' => 'region',
+                ]);
         }
         return $output;
     }
diff --git a/classes/output/format_section_trait.php b/classes/output/format_section_trait.php
index b0ddd688c..6002cdef5 100644
--- a/classes/output/format_section_trait.php
+++ b/classes/output/format_section_trait.php
@@ -116,24 +116,24 @@ protected function get_nav_links($course, $sections, $sectionno) {
         $canviewhidden = has_capability('moodle/course:viewhiddensections', context_course::instance($course->id))
         || !$course->hiddensections;
 
-        $links = array('previous' => '', 'next' => '');
+        $links = ['previous' => '', 'next' => ''];
         $back = $sectionno - 1;
         while ($back > -1 && empty($links['previous'])) {
             if ($canviewhidden
             || $sections[$back]->uservisible
             || $sections[$back]->availableinfo) {
-                $params = array();
+                $params = [];
                 if (!$sections[$back]->visible) {
-                    $params = array('class' => 'dimmed_text');
+                    $params = ['class' => 'dimmed_text'];
                 }
 
-                $previouslink = html_writer::tag('span', $OUTPUT->larrow(), array('class' => 'larrow'));
+                $previouslink = html_writer::tag('span', $OUTPUT->larrow(), ['class' => 'larrow']);
                 $previouslink .= get_section_name($course, $sections[$back]);
                 if ($back > 0 ) {
                     $courseurl = course_get_url($course, $back);
                 } else {
                     // We have to create the course section url manually if its 0.
-                    $courseurl = new moodle_url('/course/view.php', array('id' => $course->id, 'section' => $back));
+                    $courseurl = new moodle_url('/course/view.php', ['id' => $course->id, 'section' => $back]);
                 }
                 $links['previous'] = html_writer::link($courseurl, $previouslink, $params);
             }
@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ protected function get_nav_links($course, $sections, $sectionno) {
             if ($canviewhidden
             || $sections[$forward]->uservisible
             || $sections[$forward]->availableinfo) {
-                $params = array();
+                $params = [];
                 if (!$sections[$forward]->visible) {
-                    $params = array('class' => 'dimmed_text');
+                    $params = ['class' => 'dimmed_text'];
                 }
                 $nextlink = get_section_name($course, $sections[$forward]);
-                $nextlink .= html_writer::tag('span', $OUTPUT->rarrow(), array('class' => 'rarrow'));
+                $nextlink .= html_writer::tag('span', $OUTPUT->rarrow(), ['class' => 'rarrow']);
                 $links['next'] = html_writer::link(course_get_url($course, $forward), $nextlink, $params);
             }
             $forward++;
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ protected function section_edit_control_items($course, $section, $onsectionpage
         }
         $baseurl->param('sesskey', sesskey());
 
-        $controls = array();
+        $controls = [];
 
         $moveaction = new course_action_section_move($course, $section, $onsectionpage);
         $visibilityaction = new course_action_section_visibility($course, $section, $onsectionpage);
@@ -209,14 +209,14 @@ protected function section_edit_control_items($course, $section, $onsectionpage
         $duplicateaction = new course_action_section_duplicate($course, $section, $onsectionpage);
         $permalinkaction = new course_action_section_permalink($course, $section, $onsectionpage);
 
-        $actions = array(
+        $actions = [
             $moveaction,
             $visibilityaction,
             $deleteaction,
             $highlightaction,
             $duplicateaction,
             $permalinkaction,
-        );
+        ];
 
         foreach($actions as $action) {
             $controls[] = $this->render($action);
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ protected function section_edit_control_items($course, $section, $onsectionpage
     protected function section_edit_control_items_menued($actions, $section) {
         $data = [
             'actions' => $actions,
-            'sectionid' => $section->section
+            'sectionid' => $section->section,
         ];
         return $this->render_from_template('theme_snap/course_action_section_menu', $data);
     }
@@ -296,18 +296,18 @@ protected function section_header($section, $course, $onsectionpage, $sectionret
 
         // SHAME - the tabindex is intefering with moodle js.
         // SHAME - Remove tabindex when editing menu is shown.
-        $sectionarrayvars = array(
+        $sectionarrayvars = [
             'id' => 'section-'.$section->section,
             'class' => 'section main clearfix'.$sectionstyle,
             'aria-label' => get_section_name($course, $section),
             'data-id' => $section->id,
-            );
+            ];
         if (!$PAGE->user_is_editing()) {
             $sectionarrayvars['tabindex'] = '-1';
         }
 
         $o .= html_writer::start_tag('li', $sectionarrayvars);
-        $o .= html_writer::start_tag('div', array('class' => 'content'));
+        $o .= html_writer::start_tag('div', ['class' => 'content']);
 
         // When not on a section page, we display the section titles except the general section if null.
         $hasnamenotsecpg = (!$onsectionpage && ($section->section != 0 || !is_null($section->name)));
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ protected function section_header($section, $course, $onsectionpage, $sectionret
         $leftnavtop = $leftnav === 'top';
         $sectionid = "sectionid-{$section->id}-title";
         if ($sectiontitle == $testemptytitle && has_capability('moodle/course:update', $context)) {
-            $url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', array('id' => $section->id, 'sr' => $sectionreturn));
+            $url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', ['id' => $section->id, 'sr' => $sectionreturn]);
             $o .= "<h2 id='{$sectionid}' class='sectionname' data-id='{$section->id}'>";
             if ($section->section != 0 && $leftnavtop != 0 ) {
                 $o .= "<span class='sectionnumber'></span>";
@@ -349,11 +349,11 @@ protected function section_header($section, $course, $onsectionpage, $sectionret
             $htmlheading = html_writer::tag(
                 'h' . 2,
                 $sectiontitle,
-                array(
+                [
                     'id' => $sectionid,
                     'class' => 'sectionname',
                     'data-id' => $section->id
-                ));
+                ]);
             $o .= "<div>" . $htmlheading . "</div>";
         }
 
@@ -371,11 +371,11 @@ protected function section_header($section, $course, $onsectionpage, $sectionret
         if (has_capability('moodle/course:update', $context)) {
             if (!empty($sectiontoolsarray)) {
                 $sectiontools = implode(' ', $sectiontoolsarray);
-                $o .= html_writer::tag('div', $sectiontools, array(
+                $o .= html_writer::tag('div', $sectiontools, [
                     'class' => 'js-only snap-section-editing actions',
                     'role' => 'region',
                     'aria-label' => get_string('topicactions', 'theme_snap'),
-                ));
+                ]);
             }
         }
         // Draft message.
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ protected function section_header($section, $course, $onsectionpage, $sectionret
 
         $o .= $summarytext;
         if ($canupdatecourse) {
-            $url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', array('id' => $section->id, 'sr' => $sectionreturn));
+            $url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', ['id' => $section->id, 'sr' => $sectionreturn]);
             $icon = '<img aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="svg-icon" src="';
             $icon .= $this->output->image_url('pencil', 'theme').'" /><br/>';
             $o .= '<a href="'.$url.'" class="edit-summary">'.$icon.get_string('editcoursetopic', 'theme_snap'). '</a>';
@@ -595,11 +595,11 @@ private function change_num_sections($course) {
             return '';
         }
 
-        $url = new moodle_url('/theme/snap/index.php', array(
+        $url = new moodle_url('/theme/snap/index.php', [
             'sesskey'  => sesskey(),
             'action' => 'addsection',
             'contextid' => $context->id,
-        ));
+        ]);
 
         $required = '';
         $defaulttitle = get_string('title', 'theme_snap');
@@ -628,10 +628,10 @@ private function change_num_sections($course) {
         $heading = get_string('addanewsection', 'theme_snap');
         $output = "<section id='snap-add-new-section' class='clearfix' tabindex='-1'>
         <h3>$heading</h3>";
-        $output .= html_writer::start_tag('form', array(
+        $output .= html_writer::start_tag('form', [
             'method' => 'post',
             'action' => $url->out_omit_querystring(),
-        ));
+        ]);
         $output .= html_writer::input_hidden_params($url);
         $output .= '<div class="form-group">';
         $output .= "<label for='newsection' class='sr-only'>".get_string('title', 'theme_snap')."</label>";
@@ -645,33 +645,33 @@ private function change_num_sections($course) {
         $output .= '<div class="form-group">';
         $output .= '<label for="summary">'.get_string('contents', 'theme_snap').'</label>';
 
-        $options = array(
+        $options = [
             'subdirs' => 0,
             'maxbytes' => 0,
             'maxfiles' => EDITOR_UNLIMITED_FILES,
             'context' => $context,
-        );
+        ];
         $draftitemid = file_get_submitted_draft_itemid('summary');
         $currenttext = file_prepare_draft_area($draftitemid, $context->id, 'course', 'section', null, $options);
 
         $output .= $this->print_editor('summary', 'summary-editor', $currenttext, $draftitemid, $options);
-        $output .= html_writer::empty_tag('input', array(
+        $output .= html_writer::empty_tag('input', [
             'type' => 'hidden',
             'name' => 'draftitemid',
             'value' => $draftitemid,
-        ));
+        ]);
 
         $output .= '</div>';
-        $output .= html_writer::empty_tag('input', array(
+        $output .= html_writer::empty_tag('input', [
             'type' => 'submit',
             'class' => 'btn btn-primary',
             'name' => 'addtopic',
             'value' => get_string('createsection', 'theme_snap'),
-        ));
+        ]);
 
-        $courseurl = new moodle_url('/course/view.php', array('id' => $course->id));
+        $courseurl = new moodle_url('/course/view.php', ['id' => $course->id]);
         $message = get_string('cancel');
-        $attr = array('class' => 'btn btn-secondary', 'id' => 'cancel-new-section');
+        $attr = ['class' => 'btn btn-secondary', 'id' => 'cancel-new-section'];
         $output .= html_writer::link($courseurl, $message, $attr);
 
         $output .= html_writer::end_tag('form');
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ private function print_editor($name, $id, $currenttext, $draftitemid, $options)
         $editor->set_text($currenttext);
 
         $args = new stdClass();
-        $args->accepted_types = array('image');
+        $args->accepted_types = ['image'];
         $args->return_types = (FILE_INTERNAL | FILE_EXTERNAL);
         $args->context = $options['context'];
         $args->env = 'filepicker';
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ private function print_editor($name, $id, $currenttext, $draftitemid, $options)
         $imageoptions->env = 'editor';
         $imageoptions->itemid = $draftitemid;
 
-        $args->accepted_types = array('video', 'audio');
+        $args->accepted_types = ['video', 'audio'];
         $mediaoptions = initialise_filepicker($args);
         $mediaoptions->context = $options['context'];
         $mediaoptions->client_id = uniqid();
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ private function print_editor($name, $id, $currenttext, $draftitemid, $options)
      *     option 'inblock' => true, suggesting to display controls vertically
      * @return string
      */
-    public function course_section_add_cm_control($course, $section, $sectionreturn = null, $displayoptions = array()) {
+    public function course_section_add_cm_control($course, $section, $sectionreturn = null, $displayoptions = []) {
         global $OUTPUT;
         // Check to see if user can add menus and there are modules to add.
         if (!has_capability('moodle/course:manageactivities', context_course::instance($course->id))
@@ -908,14 +908,14 @@ protected function course_activity_clipboard($course, $sectionno = null) {
         if (ismoving($course->id)) {
             $url = new moodle_url(
                 '/course/mod.php',
-                array(
+                [
                     'sesskey' => sesskey(),
                     'cancelcopy' => true,
                     'sr' => $sectionno,
-                )
+                ]
             );
 
-            $o .= html_writer::start_tag('div', array('class' => 'clipboard'));
+            $o .= html_writer::start_tag('div', ['class' => 'clipboard']);
             $o .= strip_tags(get_string('activityclipboard', '', $USER->activitycopyname));
             $o .= ' (' . html_writer::link($url, get_string('cancel')) . ')';
             $o .= html_writer::end_tag('div');
diff --git a/classes/output/mod_folder_renderer.php b/classes/output/mod_folder_renderer.php
index c70043ced..f4cdccc5d 100644
--- a/classes/output/mod_folder_renderer.php
+++ b/classes/output/mod_folder_renderer.php
@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ public function render_folder_tree(\folder_tree $tree) {
         $content = '';
         $id = 'folder_tree'. ($treecounter);
         $content .= '<div id="'.$id.'" class="filemanager">';
-        $content .= $this->htmllize_tree($tree, array('files' => array(), 'subdirs' => array($tree->dir)));
+        $content .= $this->htmllize_tree($tree, ['files' => [], 'subdirs' => [$tree->dir]]);
         $content .= '</div>';
 
         // Replace the span tag with the H3 tag to avoid a violation in the header structure for accessibility.
-        $replace = html_writer::tag('h3', s($tree->folder->name), array('class' => 'fp-filename'));
-        $search = html_writer::tag('span', s($tree->folder->name), array('class' => 'fp-filename'));
+        $replace = html_writer::tag('h3', s($tree->folder->name), ['class' => 'fp-filename']);
+        $search = html_writer::tag('span', s($tree->folder->name), ['class' => 'fp-filename']);
         $content = str_replace($search, $replace, $content);
 
         $showexpanded = true;
         if (empty($tree->folder->showexpanded)) {
             $showexpanded = false;
         }
-        $this->page->requires->js_init_call('M.mod_folder.init_tree', array($id, $showexpanded));
+        $this->page->requires->js_init_call('M.mod_folder.init_tree', [$id, $showexpanded]);
         return $content;
     }
 }
diff --git a/classes/output/shared.php b/classes/output/shared.php
index 92c15b043..a6165782a 100644
--- a/classes/output/shared.php
+++ b/classes/output/shared.php
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public static function section_activity_summary($section, $course, $mods) {
         }
 
         // Generate array with count of activities in this section.
-        $sectionmods = array();
+        $sectionmods = [];
         $total = 0;
         $complete = 0;
         $cancomplete = isloggedin() && !isguestuser();
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ public static function section_activity_summary($section, $course, $mods) {
             $o .= "</div>";
         }
 
-        $retobj = (object) array (
+        $retobj = (object) [
             'output' => $o,
             'progress' => $a,
             'complete' => $complete,
-            'total' => $total
-        );
+            'total' => $total,
+        ];
 
         return $retobj;
     }
@@ -179,16 +179,16 @@ protected static function dndupload_add_to_course($course, $modnames) {
             'actionchoice',
             'servererror',
             'upload',
-            'cancel'
+            'cancel',
         ], 'moodle');
         $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
-            'modulename'
+            'modulename',
         ], 'mod_label');
-        $vars = array(
-            array('courseid' => $course->id,
+        $vars = [
+            ['courseid' => $course->id,
                 'maxbytes' => $maxbytes,
-                'showstatus' => $showstatus)
-        );
+                'showstatus' => $showstatus, ],
+        ];
 
         $PAGE->requires->js('/course/dndupload.js');
         $PAGE->requires->js_call_amd('theme_snap/dndupload-lazy', 'init', $vars);
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ protected static function dndupload_add_to_course($course, $modnames) {
      *          * pageparams    Additional parameters to pass through in the post
      * @return bool
      */
-    protected static function include_course_ajax($course, $usedmodules = array(), $enabledmodules = null, $config = null) {
+    protected static function include_course_ajax($course, $usedmodules = [], $enabledmodules = null, $config = null) {
         global $CFG, $PAGE, $COURSE;
 
         // Only include course AJAX for supported formats.
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ protected static function include_course_ajax($course, $usedmodules = array(), $
             'totopofsection',
             'unknownerror',
             'ok',
-            'cancel'
+            'cancel',
         ], 'moodle');
 
         $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
@@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ protected static function include_course_ajax($course, $usedmodules = array(), $
             'error:failedtotoc',
             'deleteassetconfirm',
             'deletesectionconfirm',
-            'deletingsection'
+            'deletingsection',
         ], 'theme_snap');
 
         // Include section-specific strings for formats which support sections.
         if (course_format_uses_sections($course->format)) {
-            $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js(array(
+            $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
                 'showfromothers',
                 'hidefromothers',
-            ), 'format_' . $course->format);
+            ], 'format_' . $course->format);
         }
 
         // For confirming resource deletion we need the name of the module in question.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public static function page_requires_js() {
 
         $PAGE->requires->jquery();
         $PAGE->requires->js_amd_inline("require(['theme_boost/loader']);");
-        $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js(array(
+        $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
             'coursecontacts',
             'debugerrors',
             'problemsfound',
@@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ public static function page_requires_js() {
             'imageproperties',
             'coverimagedesc',
             'browserepositories',
-            'saveimage'
-        ), 'theme_snap');
+            'saveimage',
+        ], 'theme_snap');
 
         $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
             'ok',
@@ -337,15 +337,15 @@ public static function page_requires_js() {
             'hide',
             'groupsseparate',
             'groupsvisible',
-            'groupsnone'
+            'groupsnone',
         ], 'moodle');
 
         $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
-            'printbook'
+            'printbook',
         ], 'booktool_print');
 
         $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js([
-            'progresstotal'
+            'progresstotal',
         ], 'completion');
 
         // Are we viewing /course/view.php - note, this is different from just checking the page type.
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ public static function page_requires_js() {
         if ((has_capability('moodle/course:changesummary', context_course::instance($COURSE->id))) ||
             (has_capability('moodle/category:manage', context_course::instance($COURSE->id)))) {
             $args = new stdClass();
-            $args->accepted_types = array('.jpeg', '.png', '.gif');
+            $args->accepted_types = ['.jpeg', '.png', '.gif'];
             $args->return_types = 2;
             initialise_filepicker($args);
         }
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ public static function gradebook_accessible($context) {
         // Find all enabled reports.
         $reports = core_component::get_plugin_list('gradereport');
         foreach (array_keys($reports) as $report) {
-            if (!component_callback('gradereport_'.$report, 'is_enabled', array(), true)) {
+            if (!component_callback('gradereport_'.$report, 'is_enabled', [], true)) {
                 unset($reports[$report]);
             }
         }
@@ -632,10 +632,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
                 $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('pldnew', 'theme');
                 $pldicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
                 $pldname = get_string('pldexperimental', 'local_pld');
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => 'local/pld/view.php?newpld=1&courseid='.$COURSE->id,
-                    'title' => $pldicon.$pldname
-                );
+                    'title' => $pldicon.$pldname,
+                ];
             }
         }
 
@@ -648,10 +648,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
             }
             $settingsicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="snap-cover-icon svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
 
-            $links[] = array(
+            $links[] = [
                 'link' => 'course/edit.php?id='.$COURSE->id,
                 'title' => $settingsicon.get_string('editcoursesettings', 'theme_snap'),
-            );
+            ];
         }
 
         $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('joule_grader', 'theme');
@@ -662,10 +662,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
             if (has_capability('local/joulegrader:grade', $coursecontext)
                 || has_capability('local/joulegrader:view', $coursecontext)
             ) {
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => 'local/joulegrader/view.php?courseid='.$COURSE->id,
                     'title' => $gradebookicon.'Open Grader',
-                );
+                ];
             }
         }
 
@@ -674,10 +674,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
             $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('gradebook', 'theme');
             $gradebookicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
             // Gradebook.
-            $links[] = array(
+            $links[] = [
                 'link' => 'grade/index.php?id='.$COURSE->id,
-                'title' => $gradebookicon.get_string('gradebook', 'grades')
-            );
+                'title' => $gradebookicon.get_string('gradebook', 'grades'),
+            ];
         }
 
         // Participants.
@@ -705,10 +705,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
             }
 
             $participanticons = '<div class="snap-participant-icons">'.$participanticons.'</div>';
-            $links[] = array(
+            $links[] = [
                 'link' => 'user/index.php?id='.$COURSE->id.'&mode=1',
-                'title' => $participanticons.$usercount.' '.get_string('participants')
-            );
+                'title' => $participanticons.$usercount.' '.get_string('participants'),
+            ];
         }
 
         // Joule reports if installed.
@@ -718,10 +718,10 @@ public static function appendices() {
             if (has_capability('block/reports:viewown', $coursecontext, null, false)
                 || has_capability('block/reports:view', $coursecontext)
             ) {
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => $CFG->wwwroot.'/blocks/reports/view.php?action=dashboard&courseid='.$COURSE->id,
-                    'title' => $reportsicon.'Open Reports'
-                );
+                    'title' => $reportsicon.'Open Reports',
+                ];
             }
         }
 
@@ -733,11 +733,11 @@ public static function appendices() {
             if (has_capability('block/reports:viewown', $coursecontext, null, false)
                 || has_capability('block/reports:view', $coursecontext)
             ) {
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => $CFG->wwwroot.'/blocks/reports/view.php?action=dashboardce&courseid='.$COURSE->id,
                     'title' => $reportsicon.'Open Reports ('.get_string('experimental',
-                            'block_reports').')'
-                );
+                            'block_reports').')',
+                ];
             }
         }
 
@@ -746,20 +746,20 @@ public static function appendices() {
             $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('pld', 'theme');
             $pldicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
             $pldname = get_string('pld', 'theme_snap');
-            $links[] = array(
+            $links[] = [
                 'link' => 'local/pld/view.php?courseid='.$COURSE->id,
-                'title' => $pldicon.$pldname
-            );
+                'title' => $pldicon.$pldname,
+            ];
         }
 
         // Competencies if enabled.
         if (get_config('core_competency', 'enabled') && has_capability('moodle/competency:competencyview', $coursecontext)) {
             $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('competencies', 'theme');
             $competenciesicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
-            $links[] = array(
+            $links[] = [
                 'link'  => 'admin/tool/lp/coursecompetencies.php?courseid='.$COURSE->id,
-                'title' => $competenciesicon.get_string('competencies', 'core_competency')
-            );
+                'title' => $competenciesicon.get_string('competencies', 'core_competency'),
+            ];
         }
 
         // Outcomes if enabled.
@@ -768,18 +768,18 @@ public static function appendices() {
             $outcomesicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
 
             if (has_capability('moodle/grade:edit', $coursecontext)) {
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link'  => 'outcome/course.php?contextid='.$coursecontext->id,
                     'title' => $outcomesicon.get_string('outcomes', 'outcome'),
-                );
+                ];
             } else if (!is_guest($coursecontext)) {
                 $outcomesets = new \core_outcome\model\outcome_set_repository();
                 if ($outcomesets->course_has_any_outcome_sets($COURSE->id)) {
-                    $links[] = array(
+                    $links[] = [
                         'link'  => 'outcome/course.php?contextid='.$coursecontext->id.
                             '&action=report_course_user_performance_table',
                         'title' => $outcomesicon.get_string('outcomes', 'outcome'),
-                    );
+                    ];
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ public static function appendices() {
         // Course badges.
         if (!empty($CFG->enablebadges) && !empty($CFG->badges_allowcoursebadges)) {
             // Match capabilities used by badges subsystem.
-            $badgecaps = array(
+            $badgecaps = [
                 'moodle/badges:earnbadge',
                 'moodle/badges:viewbadges',
                 'moodle/badges:viewawarded',
@@ -796,15 +796,15 @@ public static function appendices() {
                 'moodle/badges:configuremessages',
                 'moodle/badges:configuredetails',
                 'moodle/badges:deletebadge',
-            );
+            ];
             $canviewbadges = has_any_capability($badgecaps, $coursecontext);
             if (!is_guest($coursecontext) && $canviewbadges) {
                 $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('badges', 'theme');
                 $badgesicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => 'badges/view.php?type=' . BADGE_TYPE_COURSE . '&id=' . $COURSE->id,
-                    'title' => $badgesicon.get_string('badges', 'badges')
-                );
+                    'title' => $badgesicon.get_string('badges', 'badges'),
+                ];
             }
         }
 
@@ -817,25 +817,25 @@ public static function appendices() {
             require_once($CFG->dirroot . "/mod/mediasite/mediasitesite.php");
             $iconurl = $OUTPUT->image_url('icon', 'mediasite');
             $badgesicon = '<img src="'.$iconurl.'" class="svg-icon" alt="" role="presentation">';
-            $courseconfig = $DB->get_record('mediasite_course_config', array('course' => $COURSE->id));
+            $courseconfig = $DB->get_record('mediasite_course_config', ['course' => $COURSE->id]);
             if (!empty($courseconfig->mediasite_courses_enabled) && $courseconfig->mediasite_site) {
                 $site = new \Sonicfoundry\MediasiteSite($courseconfig->mediasite_site);
                 $url = new moodle_url(
                     '/mod/mediasite/courses7.php',
-                    array('id' => $COURSE->id, 'siteid' => $courseconfig->mediasite_site)
+                    ['id' => $COURSE->id, 'siteid' => $courseconfig->mediasite_site]
                 );
-                $links[] = array(
+                $links[] = [
                     'link' => $url->out_as_local_url(false),
-                    'title' => $badgesicon . $site->get_integration_catalog_title()
-                );
+                    'title' => $badgesicon . $site->get_integration_catalog_title(),
+                ];
             } else {
                 require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/mod/mediasite/navigation.php');
                 foreach (get_mediasite_sites(true, false) as $site) {
-                    $url = new moodle_url('/mod/mediasite/courses7.php', array('id' => $COURSE->id, 'siteid' => $site->id));
-                    $links[] = array(
+                    $url = new moodle_url('/mod/mediasite/courses7.php', ['id' => $COURSE->id, 'siteid' => $site->id]);
+                    $links[] = [
                         'link' => $url->out_as_local_url(false),
-                        'title' => $badgesicon . $site->integration_catalog_title
-                    );
+                        'title' => $badgesicon . $site->integration_catalog_title,
+                    ];
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ public static function appendices() {
             $links[] = [
                 'link' => $url->out_as_local_url(false),
                 'title' => $allyicon . get_string('coursereport', 'report_allylti'),
-                'attributes' => ['target' => '_blank']
+                'attributes' => ['target' => '_blank'],
             ];
         }
 
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ private static function get_download_content_link(): array {
             $link = [
                 'link' => $linkattr->url,
                 'title' => $iconurl . $linkattr->displaystring,
-                'attributes' => $linkattr->elementattributes
+                'attributes' => $linkattr->elementattributes,
             ];
         }
         return $link;
diff --git a/classes/renderables/course_action_section_delete.php b/classes/renderables/course_action_section_delete.php
index 4278db10b..aaf05c8e4 100644
--- a/classes/renderables/course_action_section_delete.php
+++ b/classes/renderables/course_action_section_delete.php
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ public function __construct($course, section_info $section, $onsectionpage = fal
                 $this->title = get_string('deletesection');
                 $this->arialabel = "aria-label='".get_string('deletesection')."'";
             }
-            $this->url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', array('id' => $section->id,
-                'sr' => $onsectionpage ? $section->section : 0, 'delete' => 1, ));
+            $this->url = new moodle_url('/course/editsection.php', ['id' => $section->id,
+                'sr' => $onsectionpage ? $section->section : 0, 'delete' => 1, ]);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/classes/services/course.php b/classes/services/course.php
index 9cc7b4ce8..f659104e9 100644
--- a/classes/services/course.php
+++ b/classes/services/course.php
@@ -126,24 +126,24 @@ public function setcoverimage(\context $context, $filename, $fileid) {
                 return ['success' => false, 'warning' => get_string('coursesummaryfilesunsuitable', 'theme_snap')];
             }
 
-            $fileinfo = array(
+            $fileinfo = [
                 'contextid' => $context->id,
                 'component' => 'course',
                 'filearea' => 'overviewfiles',
                 'itemid' => 0,
                 'filepath' => '/',
-                'filename' => $newfilename, );
+                'filename' => $newfilename, ];
 
             // Remove any old course summary image files for this context.
             $fs->delete_area_files($context->id, $fileinfo['component'], $fileinfo['filearea']);
         } else if ($context->contextlevel === CONTEXT_SYSTEM || $context->contextlevel === CONTEXT_COURSECAT) {
-            $fileinfo = array(
+            $fileinfo = [
                 'contextid' => $context->id,
                 'component' => 'theme_snap',
                 'filearea' => 'poster',
                 'itemid' => 0,
                 'filepath' => '/',
-                'filename' => $newfilename, );
+                'filename' => $newfilename, ];
 
             // Remove everything from poster area for this context.
             $fs->delete_area_files($context->id, 'theme_snap', 'poster');
@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ public function course_completion($shortname, $previouslyunavailablesections, $p
         // If the course format is different from topics or weeks then the $toc would have some empty values.
         $validformats = ['weeks', 'topics'];
         if (!in_array($course->format, $validformats)) {
-            $toc->chapters = array('chapters' => []);
-            $toc->footer = array('footer' => []);
+            $toc->chapters = ['chapters' => []];
+            $toc->footer = ['footer' => []];
         }
 
         return [
diff --git a/classes/webservice/ws_course_card.php b/classes/webservice/ws_course_card.php
index 8a3bc17cf..5c0227b49 100644
--- a/classes/webservice/ws_course_card.php
+++ b/classes/webservice/ws_course_card.php
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ public static function service_returns() {
             'url' => new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Course url', VALUE_REQUIRED),
             'visibleavatars' => new \external_multiple_structure(
                 new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Avatar HTML'),
-                'An array of visible avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, array()
+                'An array of visible avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, []
             ),
             'hiddenavatars' => new \external_multiple_structure(
                 new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Avatar HTML'),
-                'An array of hidden avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, array()
+                'An array of hidden avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, []
             ),
             'showextralink' => new \external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Show an extra avatar link', VALUE_REQUIRED),
             'published' => new \external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Is this course published', VALUE_REQUIRED),
diff --git a/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_categories.php b/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_categories.php
index 847de68f2..20a846cc7 100644
--- a/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_categories.php
+++ b/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_categories.php
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ public static function service_returns() {
     public static function service() {
         global $DB, $USER, $CFG;
 
-        $wheres = array("c.id <> :siteid");
-        $params = array('siteid' => SITEID);
+        $wheres = ["c.id <> :siteid"];
+        $params = ['siteid' => SITEID];
 
         if (isset($USER->loginascontext) && $USER->loginascontext->contextlevel == CONTEXT_COURSE) {
             $wheres[] = "courseid = :loginas";
diff --git a/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_data.php b/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_data.php
index 5d0884d9f..c493574cf 100644
--- a/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_data.php
+++ b/classes/webservice/ws_course_cards_data.php
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ public static function service_returns() {
                 'url' => new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Course url', VALUE_REQUIRED),
                 'visibleavatars' => new \external_multiple_structure(
                     new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Avatar HTML'),
-                    'An array of visible avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, array()
+                    'An array of visible avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, []
                 ),
                 'hiddenavatars' => new \external_multiple_structure(
                     new \external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'Avatar HTML'),
-                    'An array of hidden avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, array()
+                    'An array of hidden avatars, each as a single html string.', VALUE_DEFAULT, []
                 ),
                 'showextralink' => new \external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Show an extra avatar link', VALUE_REQUIRED),
                 'published' => new \external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Is this course published', VALUE_REQUIRED),
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ private static function get_courses_from_category($category, $page) {
         $courseservice = course::service();
         $size = 9;
         $offset = $page * $size;
-        $wheres = array("c.id <> :siteid");
+        $wheres = ["c.id <> :siteid"];
 
-        $params = array('siteid' => SITEID);
+        $params = ['siteid' => SITEID];
 
         $isfavorite = "";
 
diff --git a/classes/webservice/ws_file_manager_options.php b/classes/webservice/ws_file_manager_options.php
index 24eb3210a..278a86b3d 100644
--- a/classes/webservice/ws_file_manager_options.php
+++ b/classes/webservice/ws_file_manager_options.php
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public static function service_parameters() {
      */
     public static function service_returns() {
         return new \external_single_structure([
-            'fpoptions'    => new \external_value(PARAM_TEXT, 'JSON with file manager data')
+            'fpoptions'    => new \external_value(PARAM_TEXT, 'JSON with file manager data'),
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public static function service() {
         $PAGE->set_context($context);
 
         $args = new stdClass();
-        $args->accepted_types = array('.jpeg', '.png', '.gif');
+        $args->accepted_types = ['.jpeg', '.png', '.gif'];
         $args->return_types = 2;
         $args->context = $context;
         $args->env = 'filepicker';
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public static function service() {
 
         $optionsencoded = json_encode($fpoptions);
 
-        $data = array();
+        $data = [];
         $data['fpoptions'] = $optionsencoded;
         return $data;
     }
diff --git a/config.php b/config.php
index fd842f3a0..b5d062a5f 100644
--- a/config.php
+++ b/config.php
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
 }
 
 $THEME->doctype = 'html5';
-$THEME->yuicssmodules = array('cssgrids'); // This is required for joule grader.
+$THEME->yuicssmodules = ['cssgrids']; // This is required for joule grader.
 $THEME->name = 'snap';
-$THEME->parents = array('boost');
+$THEME->parents = ['boost'];
 
 $THEME->enable_dock = false;
 $THEME->prescsscallback = 'theme_snap_get_pre_scss';
@@ -95,140 +95,140 @@
 $THEME->csspostprocess = 'theme_snap_process_css';
 $THEME->supportscssoptimisation = false;
 
-$THEME->editor_sheets = array('editor');
+$THEME->editor_sheets = ['editor'];
 
 $THEME->rendererfactory = 'theme_overridden_renderer_factory';
 
-$THEME->layouts = array(
+$THEME->layouts = [
     // Most backwards compatible layout without the blocks - this is the layout used by default.
-    'base' => array(
+    'base' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // Standard layout with blocks, this is recommended for most pages with general information.
-    'standard' => array(
+    'standard' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
-    'message' => array(
+    ],
+    'message' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // Main course page.
-    'course' => array(
+    'course' => [
         'file' => 'course.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-        'options' => array('langmenu' => true),
-    ),
-    'coursecategory' => array(
+        'options' => ['langmenu' => true],
+    ],
+    'coursecategory' => [
         'file' => 'course-index-category.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // Part of course, typical for modules - default page layout if $cm specified in require_login().
-    'incourse' => array(
+    'incourse' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
+    ],
     // The site home page.
-    'frontpage' => array(
+    'frontpage' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-        'options' => array('nonavbar' => true),
-    ),
+        'options' => ['nonavbar' => true],
+    ],
     // Server administration pages.
-    'admin' => array(
+    'admin' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
+    ],
     // My courses page.
-    'mycourses' => array(
+    'mycourses' => [
         'file' => 'mycourses.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
+    ],
     // My dashboard page.
-    'mydashboard' => array(
+    'mydashboard' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-        'options' => array('langmenu' => true),
-    ),
+        'options' => ['langmenu' => true],
+    ],
     // My public page.
-    'mypublic' => array(
+    'mypublic' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
-    'login' => array(
+    ],
+    'login' => [
         'file' => 'login.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-        'options' => array('langmenu' => true, 'nonavbar' => true),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+        'options' => ['langmenu' => true, 'nonavbar' => true],
+    ],
 
     // Pages that appear in pop-up windows - no navigation, no blocks, no header.
-    'popup' => array(
+    'popup' => [
         'file' => 'embedded.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-        'options' => array('nofooter' => true, 'nonavbar' => true),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+        'options' => ['nofooter' => true, 'nonavbar' => true],
+    ],
     // No blocks and minimal footer - used for legacy frame layouts only!
-    'frametop' => array(
+    'frametop' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-        'options' => array('nofooter' => true, 'nocoursefooter' => true),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+        'options' => ['nofooter' => true, 'nocoursefooter' => true],
+    ],
     // Embeded pages, like iframe/object embeded in moodleform - it needs as much space as possible.
-    'embedded' => array(
+    'embedded' => [
         'file' => 'embedded.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // Used during upgrade and install, and for the 'This site is undergoing maintenance' message.
     // This must not have any blocks, links, or API calls that would lead to database or cache interaction.
     // Please be extremely careful if you are modifying this layout.
-    'maintenance' => array(
+    'maintenance' => [
         'file' => 'maintenance.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // Should display the content and basic headers only.
-    'print' => array(
+    'print' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-        'options' => array('nofooter' => true, 'nonavbar' => false),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+        'options' => ['nofooter' => true, 'nonavbar' => false],
+    ],
     // The pagelayout used when a redirection is occuring.
-    'redirect' => array(
+    'redirect' => [
         'file' => 'embedded.php',
-        'regions' => array(),
-    ),
+        'regions' => [],
+    ],
     // The pagelayout used for reports.
-    'report' => array(
+    'report' => [
         'file' => 'default.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
+    ],
     // The pagelayout used for safebrowser and securewindow.
-    'secure' => array(
+    'secure' => [
         'file' => 'secure.php',
-        'regions' => array('side-pre'),
+        'regions' => ['side-pre'],
         'defaultregion' => 'side-pre',
-    ),
-);
+    ],
+];
 
-$THEME->javascripts = array();
-$THEME->javascripts_footer = array();
+$THEME->javascripts = [];
+$THEME->javascripts_footer = [];
 
 $THEME->hidefromselector = false;
 
 // For use with Flexpage layouts.
-$THEME->blockrtlmanipulations = array(
+$THEME->blockrtlmanipulations = [
     'side-pre' => 'side-post',
     'side-post' => 'side-pre',
-);
+];
 
 if ($themeissnap && $notajaxscript) {
     if (empty($CFG->snappageinit) && !empty($PAGE)) {
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 }
 
 $runningbehattest = defined('BEHAT_SITE_RUNNING') && BEHAT_SITE_RUNNING;
-$requiredblocks = array('settings');
+$requiredblocks = ['settings'];
 if ($runningbehattest) {
     array_push($requiredblocks, 'navigation');
 }
diff --git a/db/caches.php b/db/caches.php
index ce8a4ce04..219cdd279 100644
--- a/db/caches.php
+++ b/db/caches.php
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die;
 
-$definitions = array(
+$definitions = [
     'webservicedefinitions' => [
         'mode'               => cache_store::MODE_APPLICATION,
         'simplekeys'         => false,
@@ -83,5 +83,5 @@
         'simplekeys'         => true,
         'simpledata'         => false,
     ],
-);
+];
 
diff --git a/db/upgrade.php b/db/upgrade.php
index 5717bd31e..924118258 100644
--- a/db/upgrade.php
+++ b/db/upgrade.php
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ function xmldb_theme_snap_upgrade($oldversion) {
         $table->add_field('timefavorited', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', null, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, null);
 
         // Adding keys to table theme_snap_course_favorites.
-        $table->add_key('primary', XMLDB_KEY_PRIMARY, array('id'));
+        $table->add_key('primary', XMLDB_KEY_PRIMARY, ['id']);
 
         // Adding indexes to table theme_snap_course_favorites.
-        $table->add_index('userid-courseid', XMLDB_INDEX_UNIQUE, array('userid', 'courseid'));
+        $table->add_index('userid-courseid', XMLDB_INDEX_UNIQUE, ['userid', 'courseid']);
 
         // Conditionally launch create table for theme_snap_course_favorites.
         if (!$dbman->table_exists($table)) {
diff --git a/index.php b/index.php
index 163bd38de..be9e41d13 100644
--- a/index.php
+++ b/index.php
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 // @codingStandardsIgnoreLine
 /** @var $PAGE moodle_page */
 $PAGE->set_context($context);
-$PAGE->set_url('/theme/snap/index.php', array('action' => $action, 'contextid' => $context->id));
+$PAGE->set_url('/theme/snap/index.php', ['action' => $action, 'contextid' => $context->id]);
 
 $router = new router();
 $router->add_controller(new addsection_controller());
diff --git a/layout/faux_site_index.php b/layout/faux_site_index.php
index e8067f7dd..458fea323 100644
--- a/layout/faux_site_index.php
+++ b/layout/faux_site_index.php
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@
             if (!empty($mycourseshtml)) {
                 echo html_writer::tag('a',
                     get_string('skipa', 'access', core_text::strtolower(get_string('mycourses'))),
-                    array('href' => '#skipmycourses', 'class' => 'skip-block')
+                    ['href' => '#skipmycourses', 'class' => 'skip-block']
                 );
 
                 // Wrap frontpage course list in div container.
-                echo html_writer::start_tag('div', array('id' => 'frontpage-course-list'));
+                echo html_writer::start_tag('div', ['id' => 'frontpage-course-list']);
 
                 echo $OUTPUT->heading(get_string('mycourses'));
                 echo $mycourseshtml;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
                 // End frontpage course list div container.
                 echo html_writer::end_tag('div');
 
-                echo html_writer::tag('span', '', array('class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipmycourses'));
+                echo html_writer::tag('span', '', ['class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipmycourses']);
 
                 break;
             }
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@
             if (!empty($availablecourseshtml)) {
                 echo html_writer::tag('a',
                     get_string('skipa', 'access', core_text::strtolower(get_string('availablecourses'))),
-                    array('href' => '#skipavailablecourses', 'class' => 'skip-block')
+                    ['href' => '#skipavailablecourses', 'class' => 'skip-block']
                 );
 
                 // Wrap frontpage course list in div container.
-                echo html_writer::start_tag('div', array('id' => 'frontpage-course-list'));
+                echo html_writer::start_tag('div', ['id' => 'frontpage-course-list']);
 
                 echo $OUTPUT->heading(get_string('availablecourses'));
                 echo $availablecourseshtml;
@@ -107,18 +107,18 @@
                 // End frontpage course list div container.
                 echo html_writer::end_tag('div');
 
-                echo html_writer::tag('span', '', array('class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipavailablecourses'));
+                echo html_writer::tag('span', '', ['class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipavailablecourses']);
             }
         break;
 
         case FRONTPAGECATEGORYNAMES:
             echo html_writer::tag('a',
                 get_string('skipa', 'access', core_text::strtolower(get_string('categories'))),
-                array('href' => '#skipcategories', 'class' => 'skip-block')
+                ['href' => '#skipcategories', 'class' => 'skip-block']
             );
 
             // Wrap frontpage category names in div container.
-            echo html_writer::start_tag('div', array('id' => 'frontpage-category-names'));
+            echo html_writer::start_tag('div', ['id' => 'frontpage-category-names']);
 
             echo $OUTPUT->heading(get_string('categories'));
             echo $courserenderer->frontpage_categories_list();
@@ -126,17 +126,17 @@
             // End frontpage category names div container.
             echo html_writer::end_tag('div');
 
-            echo html_writer::tag('span', '', array('class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipcategories'));
+            echo html_writer::tag('span', '', ['class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipcategories']);
         break;
 
         case FRONTPAGECATEGORYCOMBO:
             echo html_writer::tag('a',
                 get_string('skipa', 'access', core_text::strtolower(get_string('courses'))),
-                array('href' => '#skipcourses', 'class' => 'skip-block')
+                ['href' => '#skipcourses', 'class' => 'skip-block']
             );
 
             // Wrap frontpage category combo in div container.
-            echo html_writer::start_tag('div', array('id' => 'frontpage-category-combo'));
+            echo html_writer::start_tag('div', ['id' => 'frontpage-category-combo']);
 
             echo $OUTPUT->heading(get_string('courses'));
             echo $courserenderer->frontpage_combo_list();
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
             // End frontpage category combo div container.
             echo html_writer::end_tag('div');
 
-            echo html_writer::tag('span', '', array('class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipcourses'));
+            echo html_writer::tag('span', '', ['class' => 'skip-block-to', 'id' => 'skipcourses']);
         break;
 
         case FRONTPAGECOURSESEARCH:
diff --git a/layout/nav.php b/layout/nav.php
index a731bb5b8..c8cf8ba88 100644
--- a/layout/nav.php
+++ b/layout/nav.php
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@
     $defaulthomeurl = $CFG->wwwroot;
 }
 $sitefullname = format_string($SITE->fullname);
-$attrs = array(
+$attrs = [
     'id' => 'snap-home',
     'title' => $sitefullname,
-);
+];
 
 if (!empty($PAGE->theme->settings->logo)) {
     $sitefullname = '<span class="sr-only">'.format_string($SITE->fullname).'</span>';
diff --git a/lib.php b/lib.php
index 2f083d0b4..776755d0a 100644
--- a/lib.php
+++ b/lib.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ function theme_snap_set_category_colors($css, $theme) {
     $dbcustommenutextcolor = get_config("theme_snap", "custommenutext");
     $dbcustommenutextcoloractive = get_config("theme_snap", "customisecustommenu");
     // Get category colors from database.
-    $categorycolors = array();
+    $categorycolors = [];
     $dbcategorycolors = get_config("theme_snap", "category_color");
     if (!empty($dbcategorycolors) && $dbcategorycolors != '0') {
         $categorycolors = json_decode($dbcategorycolors, true);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ function theme_snap_set_category_colors($css, $theme) {
                 'nav-login-bg' => $colors[$category->id],
                 'nav-login-color' => '#FFFFFF',
                 'custom-menu-text-color' => $dbcustommenutextcoloractive ? $dbcustommenutextcolor : '#FFFFFF',
-                'gray-light' => '#6a737b'
+                'gray-light' => '#6a737b',
             ]);
 
             try {
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ function theme_snap_send_file($context, $filearea, $args, $forcedownload, $optio
  * @param array $options
  * @return bool
  */
-function theme_snap_pluginfile($course, $cm, $context, $filearea, $args, $forcedownload, array $options = array()) {
+function theme_snap_pluginfile($course, $cm, $context, $filearea, $args, $forcedownload, array $options = []) {
 
     $coverimagecontexts = [CONTEXT_SYSTEM, CONTEXT_COURSE, CONTEXT_COURSECAT];
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ function theme_snap_pluginfile($course, $cm, $context, $filearea, $args, $forced
         'slide_one_image',
         'slide_two_image',
         'slide_three_image',
-        'loginbgimg'
+        'loginbgimg',
     ];
 
     if ($context->contextlevel == CONTEXT_SYSTEM && in_array($filearea, $sysfileareas)) {
@@ -404,17 +404,17 @@ function theme_snap_output_fragment_section($args) {
                     [['add_method' => get_config('block_sharing_cart', 'add_to_sharing_cart')], [$sectionsjs], true]
                 );
                 $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js(
-                    array('yes', 'no', 'ok', 'cancel', 'error', 'edit', 'move', 'delete', 'movehere'),
+                    ['yes', 'no', 'ok', 'cancel', 'error', 'edit', 'move', 'delete', 'movehere'],
                     'moodle'
                 );
 
                 $PAGE->requires->strings_for_js(
-                    array('copyhere', 'notarget', 'backup', 'restore', 'movedir', 'clipboard',
+                    ['copyhere', 'notarget', 'backup', 'restore', 'movedir', 'clipboard',
                         'confirm_backup', 'confirm_backup_section', 'confirm_userdata',
                         'confirm_delete', 'clicktomove', 'folder_string',
                         'activity_string', 'delete_folder', 'modal_checkbox',
                         'modal_confirm_backup', 'modal_confirm_delete', 'backup_heavy_load_warning_message',
-                        'snap_dialog_restore'),
+                        'snap_dialog_restore'],
                     'block_sharing_cart'
                 );
             }
@@ -424,11 +424,11 @@ function theme_snap_output_fragment_section($args) {
             }
             $html = $formatrenderer->course_section($course, $section, $modinfo);
             $PAGE->requires->js('/course/dndupload.js');
-            $vars = array(
-                array('courseid' => $course->id,
+            $vars = [
+                ['courseid' => $course->id,
                     'maxbytes' => $maxbytes,
-                    'showstatus' => false)
-            );
+                    'showstatus' => false],
+            ];
             $PAGE->requires->js_call_amd('theme_snap/dndupload-lazy', 'init', $vars);
             return $html;
         }
@@ -461,11 +461,11 @@ function theme_snap_before_footer() {
 
     $paths = [];
     $paths['theme_snap/snapce'] = [
-        $CFG->wwwroot . '/pluginfile.php/' . $PAGE->context->id . '/theme_snap/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/snap-ce'
+        $CFG->wwwroot . '/pluginfile.php/' . $PAGE->context->id . '/theme_snap/vendorjs/snap-custom-elements/snap-ce',
     ];
 
     $PAGE->requires->js_call_amd('theme_snap/wcloader', 'init', [
-        'componentPaths' => json_encode($paths)
+        'componentPaths' => json_encode($paths),
     ]);
 }
 
@@ -539,8 +539,8 @@ function snap_print_course_request_buttons($context) {
     }
     // Print a button to manage pending requests.
     if (has_capability('moodle/site:approvecourse', $context)) {
-        $disabled = !$DB->record_exists('course_request', array());
+        $disabled = !$DB->record_exists('course_request', []);
         echo $OUTPUT->single_button(new moodle_url('/course/pending.php'), get_string('coursespending'),
-            'get', array('disabled' => $disabled));
+            'get', ['disabled' => $disabled]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/rest.php b/rest.php
index 4203c72b1..2d01da90f 100644
--- a/rest.php
+++ b/rest.php
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 if ($course !== null) {
     $PAGE->set_course($course);
 }
-$PAGE->set_url('/theme/snap/rest.php', array('action' => $action, 'contextid' => $context->id));
+$PAGE->set_url('/theme/snap/rest.php', ['action' => $action, 'contextid' => $context->id]);
 
 if ($cm !== null) {
     $PAGE->set_cm($cm);
diff --git a/settings/course_settings.php b/settings/course_settings.php
index 323c6e60a..94e7d98f9 100644
--- a/settings/course_settings.php
+++ b/settings/course_settings.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 $title = new lang_string('leftnav', 'theme_snap');
 $list = get_string('list', 'theme_snap');
 $top = get_string('top', 'theme_snap');
-$radios = array('list' => $list, 'top' => $top);
+$radios = ['list' => $list, 'top' => $top];
 $default = 'list';
 $description = new lang_string('leftnavdesc', 'theme_snap');
 $setting = new admin_setting_configradiobuttons($name, $title, $description, $default, $radios);
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 $title = new lang_string('resourcedisplay', 'theme_snap');
 $card = new lang_string('card', 'theme_snap');
 $list = new lang_string('list', 'theme_snap');
-$radios = array('list' => $list, 'card' => $card);
+$radios = ['list' => $list, 'card' => $card];
 $default = 'card';
 $description = get_string('resourcedisplayhelp', 'theme_snap');
 $setting = new admin_setting_configradiobuttons($name, $title, $description, $default, $radios);
diff --git a/settings/cover_settings.php b/settings/cover_settings.php
index d3cafc032..60cac9fb5 100644
--- a/settings/cover_settings.php
+++ b/settings/cover_settings.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 $name = 'theme_snap/poster';
 $title = new lang_string('poster', 'theme_snap');
 $description = new lang_string('posterdesc', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'poster', 0, $opts);
 $setting->set_updatedcallback('theme_snap_process_site_coverimage');
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
@@ -51,21 +51,21 @@
 $name = 'theme_snap/slide_one_image';
 $title = new lang_string('coverimage', 'theme_snap');
 $description = '';
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'slide_one_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 $name = 'theme_snap/slide_two_image';
 $title = new lang_string('coverimage', 'theme_snap');
 $description = '';
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'slide_two_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 $name = 'theme_snap/slide_three_image';
 $title = new lang_string('coverimage', 'theme_snap');
 $description = '';
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'slide_three_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
diff --git a/settings/feature_spots_settings.php b/settings/feature_spots_settings.php
index e671583ff..0dcfd8933 100644
--- a/settings/feature_spots_settings.php
+++ b/settings/feature_spots_settings.php
@@ -55,19 +55,19 @@
 // Feature spot images.
 $name = 'theme_snap/fs_one_image';
 $title = new lang_string('featureoneimage', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'fs_one_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 $name = 'theme_snap/fs_two_image';
 $title = new lang_string('featuretwoimage', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'fs_two_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 $name = 'theme_snap/fs_three_image';
 $title = new lang_string('featurethreeimage', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'fs_three_image', 0, $opts);
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
diff --git a/settings/login_settings.php b/settings/login_settings.php
index f6dff860d..3e5b325ce 100644
--- a/settings/login_settings.php
+++ b/settings/login_settings.php
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 // Select login template.
-$templates = array (
+$templates = [
     'classic_template' => $OUTPUT->image_url('classic_template', 'theme_snap'),
     'stylish_template' => $OUTPUT->image_url('stylish_template', 'theme_snap'),
-);
+];
 $snaptemplatetitle = get_string('classic_template', 'theme_snap');
 $snapstylishtemplatetitle = get_string('stylish_template', 'theme_snap');
 $templatedescription =
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@
 $name = 'theme_snap/loginpagetemplate';
 $title = new lang_string('loginpagetemplate', 'theme_snap');
 $setting = new admin_setting_configselect($name, $title, $templatedescription, 'classic',
-    array('classic' => get_string('classic_template', 'theme_snap'), 'stylish' => get_string('stylish_template', 'theme_snap')));
+    ['classic' => get_string('classic_template', 'theme_snap'), 'stylish' => get_string('stylish_template', 'theme_snap')]);
 $setting->set_updatedcallback('theme_reset_all_caches');
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
 
 $name = 'theme_snap/loginbgimg';
 $title = get_string('loginbgimg', 'theme_snap');
 $description = get_string('loginbgimgdesc', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg'), 'maxfiles' => 3);
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg'], 'maxfiles' => 3];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'loginbgimg', 0, $opts);
 $setting->set_updatedcallback('theme_snap_resize_bgimage_after_save');
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
diff --git a/settings/personal_menu_settings.php b/settings/personal_menu_settings.php
index a8b69bca6..316ee3577 100644
--- a/settings/personal_menu_settings.php
+++ b/settings/personal_menu_settings.php
@@ -149,6 +149,6 @@
 // Personalmenuadvancedfeedsperpage and personalmenuadvancedfeedslifetime depends on personalmenuadvancedfeedsenable.
 $PAGE->requires->js_call_amd('theme_snap/hide_settings',
     'hideDependingOnChecked',
-    array('personalmenuadvancedfeedsenable',
+    ['personalmenuadvancedfeedsenable',
     $advancedfeedsdependencies,
-    array('personalmenuadvancedfeedsperpage', 'personalmenuadvancedfeedslifetime')));
+    ['personalmenuadvancedfeedsperpage', 'personalmenuadvancedfeedslifetime']]);
diff --git a/settings/snap_basics.php b/settings/snap_basics.php
index de2fca2cf..4f4e3a1f8 100644
--- a/settings/snap_basics.php
+++ b/settings/snap_basics.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 $name = 'theme_snap/logo';
 $title = new lang_string('logo', 'theme_snap');
 $description = new lang_string('logodesc', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.tiff', '.svg'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.png', '.jpg', '.gif', '.webp', '.tiff', '.svg']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'logo', 0, $opts);
 $setting->set_updatedcallback('theme_reset_all_caches');
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 $name = 'theme_snap/favicon';
 $title = new lang_string('favicon', 'theme_snap');
 $description = new lang_string('favicondesc', 'theme_snap');
-$opts = array('accepted_types' => array('.ico', '.png', '.gif'));
+$opts = ['accepted_types' => ['.ico', '.png', '.gif']];
 $setting = new admin_setting_configstoredfile($name, $title, $description, 'favicon', 0, $opts);
 $setting->set_updatedcallback('theme_reset_all_caches');
 $snapsettings->add($setting);
diff --git a/tests/activity_test.php b/tests/activity_test.php
index 322780d98..eee812637 100644
--- a/tests/activity_test.php
+++ b/tests/activity_test.php
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ private function delete_assign_user_overrides($assignid, $userid) {
 
         usleep(1); // We have to sleep for 1 microsecond so that the cache can be invalidated.
 
-        $DB->delete_records('assign_overrides', array ('userid' => $userid, 'assignid' => $assignid));
+        $DB->delete_records('assign_overrides', ['userid' => $userid, 'assignid' => $assignid]);
 
         assign_update_events($assignobj);
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ private function delete_quiz_user_overrides($quizid, $userid) {
 
         usleep(1); // We have to sleep for 1 microsecond so that the cache can be invalidated.
 
-        $DB->delete_records('quiz_overrides', array ('userid' => $userid, 'quiz' => $quizid));
+        $DB->delete_records('quiz_overrides', ['userid' => $userid, 'quiz' => $quizid]);
 
         quiz_update_events($quiz);
 
@@ -650,8 +650,8 @@ public function test_instance_activity_dates_quiz_assign() {
         $this->assertEquals($ovdgroupdue, $dates1->timeclose);
 
         // Second group override.
-        $group2 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_group(array('courseid' => $course->id));
-        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_group_member(array('userid' => $student, 'groupid' => $group2->id));
+        $group2 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_group(['courseid' => $course->id]);
+        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_group_member(['userid' => $student, 'groupid' => $group2->id]);
 
         $ovdgroup2open = $timeclose1 + (2 * DAYSECS);
         $ovdgroup2due = $timeclose1 + (7 * DAYSECS);
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ public function test_no_upcoming_deadlines() {
         global $USER;
 
         $actual = activity::upcoming_deadlines($USER->id)->events;
-        $expected = array();
+        $expected = [];
         $this->assertSame($actual, $expected);
     }
 
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_hidden() {
         $courses = [$course1, $course2];
 
         // Enrol teacher on both courses.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         foreach ([$course1, $course2] as $course) {
             $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
                 $course->id,
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_hidden() {
         }
 
         // Enrol student on both courses.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         foreach ($courses as $course) {
             $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
                 $course->id,
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_enrolment_expired() {
         $student = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol student on with an expired enrolment.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
             $course->id,
             $studentrole->id,
@@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_restricted() {
         $student = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol student.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
             $course->id,
             $studentrole->id
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_group() {
         $group2 = $generator->create_group((object)['courseid' => $course->id, 'name' => 'group2']);
 
         // Enrol students.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         foreach ([$student1, $student2] as $student) {
             $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
                 $course->id,
@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ public function test_upcoming_deadlines_group() {
         }
 
         // Enrol teacher.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         $generator->enrol_user($teacher->id,
             $course->id,
             $teacherrole->id);
@@ -1485,14 +1485,14 @@ public function test_feedback() {
         $student = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol teacher.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
             $course->id,
             $teacherrole->id
         );
 
         // Enrol student.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
             $course->id,
             $studentrole->id
@@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ public function test_feedback_hidden() {
         $courses = [$course1, $course2];
 
         // Enrol teacher on both courses.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         foreach ([$course1, $course2] as $course) {
             $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
                 $course->id,
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ public function test_feedback_hidden() {
         }
 
         // Enrol student on both courses.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         foreach ($courses as $course) {
             $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
                 $course->id,
@@ -1583,7 +1583,7 @@ public function test_feedback_enrolment_expired() {
         $student = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol student on with an expired enrolment.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
             $course->id,
             $studentrole->id,
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ public function test_feedback_restricted() {
         $student = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol student.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id,
             $course->id,
             $studentrole->id
diff --git a/tests/assign_test.php b/tests/assign_test.php
index 47ae8a83f..7938283fb 100644
--- a/tests/assign_test.php
+++ b/tests/assign_test.php
@@ -42,19 +42,19 @@ class assign_test extends \mod_assign\base_test {
     public function test_assign_reopened_and_resubmitted() {
         $this->setUser($this->editingteachers[0]);
         $this->create_instance();
-        $assign = $this->create_instance(array('duedate' => time(),
+        $assign = $this->create_instance(['duedate' => time(),
                                                'attemptreopenmethod' => ASSIGN_ATTEMPT_REOPEN_METHOD_MANUAL,
                                                'maxattempts' => 3,
                                                'submissiondrafts' => 1,
-                                               'assignsubmission_onlinetext_enabled' => 1, ));
+                                               'assignsubmission_onlinetext_enabled' => 1, ]);
 
         // Add a submission.
         $this->setUser($this->students[0]);
         $submission = $assign->get_user_submission($this->students[0]->id, true);
         $data = new \stdClass();
-        $data->onlinetext_editor = array('itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
+        $data->onlinetext_editor = ['itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
                                          'text' => 'Submission text',
-                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, );
+                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, ];
         $plugin = $assign->get_submission_plugin_by_type('onlinetext');
         $plugin->save($submission, $data);
 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ public function test_assign_reopened_and_resubmitted() {
         $this->setUser($this->students[0]);
         $submission = $assign->get_user_submission($this->students[0]->id, true);
         $data = new \stdClass();
-        $data->onlinetext_editor = array('itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
+        $data->onlinetext_editor = ['itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
                                          'text' => 'Submission text 2',
-                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, );
+                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, ];
         $plugin = $assign->get_submission_plugin_by_type('onlinetext');
         $plugin->save($submission, $data);
 
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ private function create_one_ungraded_submission() {
         $this->setUser($this->students[0]);
         $submission = $assign->get_user_submission($this->students[0]->id, true);
         $data = new \stdClass();
-        $data->onlinetext_editor = array('itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
+        $data->onlinetext_editor = ['itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
                                          'text' => 'Submission text',
-                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, );
+                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, ];
         $plugin = $assign->get_submission_plugin_by_type('onlinetext');
         $plugin->save($submission, $data);
         $submission->status = ASSIGN_SUBMISSION_STATUS_SUBMITTED;
@@ -206,17 +206,17 @@ public function test_assign_ungraded() {
     public function test_events_graded() {
         $this->setUser($this->editingteachers[0]);
         $this->create_instance();
-        $assign = $this->create_instance(array('duedate' => time(),
+        $assign = $this->create_instance(['duedate' => time(),
                                                'submissiondrafts' => 1,
-                                               'assignsubmission_onlinetext_enabled' => 1, ));
+                                               'assignsubmission_onlinetext_enabled' => 1, ]);
 
         // Add a submission.
         $this->setUser($this->students[0]);
         $submission = $assign->get_user_submission($this->students[0]->id, true);
         $data = new \stdClass();
-        $data->onlinetext_editor = array('itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
+        $data->onlinetext_editor = ['itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
                                          'text' => 'Submission text',
-                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, );
+                                         'format' => FORMAT_HTML, ];
         $plugin = $assign->get_submission_plugin_by_type('onlinetext');
         $plugin->save($submission, $data);
 
@@ -357,9 +357,9 @@ public function test_assing_data_group_mode() {
         $assign = $this->create_instance(['assignsubmission_onlinetext_enabled' => 1, 'groupmode' => SEPARATEGROUPS]);
 
         $data = new \stdClass();
-        $data->onlinetext_editor = array('itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
+        $data->onlinetext_editor = ['itemid' => file_get_unused_draft_itemid(),
             'text' => 'Submission text',
-            'format' => FORMAT_HTML, );
+            'format' => FORMAT_HTML, ];
         $this->create_user_submission($students[0], $assign, $data);
 
         $this->setUser($teachers[0]);
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ public function test_assing_data_group_mode() {
         $this->assertEquals(3, $meta->numrequiregrading);
 
         $this->setAdminUser();
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
         $coursecontext = \context_course::instance($this->course->id);
         role_change_permission($teacherrole->id, $coursecontext, 'moodle/site:accessallgroups', CAP_PROHIBIT);
 
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap.php
index ed0734ef7..df090b81f 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap.php
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ public function i_create_a_new_section_in_course_with_content($shortname) {
 
         $fs = get_file_storage();
         // Prepare file record object.
-        $fileinfo = array(
+        $fileinfo = [
             'contextid' => $context->id,
             'component' => 'user',
             'filearea' => 'private',
             'itemid' => 0,
             'filepath' => '/',
-            'filename' => 'test.png', );
+            'filename' => 'test.png', ];
 
         $fs->create_file_from_pathname($fileinfo, $CFG->dirroot . "/theme/snap/tests/fixtures/testpng.png");
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ public function i_grade_the_assignment_as_follows($assignmentname, $shortname, T
         $gradeitem = $assign->get_grade_item();
         $gradeitem->update();
         $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-        $grades = array();
+        $grades = [];
 
         $commentsplugin = $assign->get_feedback_plugin_by_type('comments');
         if ($commentsplugin->is_visible()) {
@@ -1414,8 +1414,8 @@ public function force_password_change_is_assigned_to_user($username) {
      */
     protected function unassign_role_from_user($contextid, $userid, $roleid) {
         global $DB;
-        $user = $DB->get_record('user', array('id' => $userid), '*', MUST_EXIST);
-        $ras = $DB->get_records('role_assignments', array('contextid' => $contextid, 'userid' => $user->id, 'roleid' => $roleid));
+        $user = $DB->get_record('user', ['id' => $userid], '*', MUST_EXIST);
+        $ras = $DB->get_records('role_assignments', ['contextid' => $contextid, 'userid' => $user->id, 'roleid' => $roleid]);
         foreach ($ras as $ra) {
             if ($ra->component) {
                 if (strpos($ra->component, 'enrol_') !== 0) {
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ public function activity_marked_as_complete($activityname, $activitytype, $compl
         $xpathtocheck = $activityxpath .
             "//img[contains(@alt, '$imgalttext')]|//input[@type='image'][contains(@alt, '$imgalttext')]";
         $this->execute("behat_general::should_exist",
-            array($xpathtocheck, "xpath_element")
+            [$xpathtocheck, "xpath_element"]
         );
     }
 
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ public function activity_marked_as_not_complete($activityname, $activitytype, $c
         $xpathtocheck = $activityxpath .
             "//img[contains(@alt, '$imgalttext')]|//input[@type='image'][contains(@alt, '$imgalttext')]";
         $this->execute("behat_general::should_exist",
-            array($xpathtocheck, "xpath_element")
+            [$xpathtocheck, "xpath_element"]
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course.php
index 2884156e1..01e49823a 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course.php
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public function i_add_to_section($activity, $section) {
             return parent::i_add_to_section($activity, $section);
         }
         $this->execute('behat_general::i_click_on',
-            array("//li/a[@section-number='$section']", 'xpath_element'));
+            ["//li/a[@section-number='$section']", 'xpath_element']);
 
         $this->execute("behat_theme_snap_behat_course::i_open_the_activity_chooser_of_the_section", $section);
         $xpath = "(//div[@data-region]/a[div[contains(text(),'$activity')]])[1]";
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public function i_add_to_section($activity, $section) {
      */
     public function i_open_the_activity_chooser_of_the_section(int $section) {
         $this->execute('behat_general::i_click_on',
-            array("//button[@data-action='open-chooser' and @data-sectionid='$section']", 'xpath_element'));
+            ["//button[@data-action='open-chooser' and @data-sectionid='$section']", 'xpath_element']);
 
         $node = $this->get_selected_node('xpath_element', '//div[@data-region="modules"]');
         $this->ensure_node_is_visible($node);
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course_categories.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course_categories.php
index 4580dcca2..ba17910bf 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course_categories.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_course_categories.php
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ public function i_create_the_following_course_categories(TableNode $data) {
 
         // Now that we need them require the data generators.
 
-        $requiredfields = array('id', 'idnumber');
+        $requiredfields = ['id', 'idnumber'];
         $elementname = 'categories';
-        $categories = array();
+        $categories = [];
         foreach ($data->getHash() as $elementdata) {
 
             // Check if all the required fields are there.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public function i_create_the_following_course_categories(TableNode $data) {
             $categories[] = $elementdata;
         }
         foreach ($categories as $category) {
-            $category['parent'] = $DB->get_field('course_categories', 'id', array('idnumber' => $category['category']));
+            $category['parent'] = $DB->get_field('course_categories', 'id', ['idnumber' => $category['category']]);
             self::create_category($category);
         }
     }
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public static function create_category($data, $editoroptions = null) {
             if (core_text::strlen($data->idnumber) > 100) {
                 throw new moodle_exception('idnumbertoolong');
             }
-            if (strval($data->idnumber) !== '' && $DB->record_exists('course_categories', array('idnumber' => $data->idnumber))) {
+            if (strval($data->idnumber) !== '' && $DB->record_exists('course_categories', ['idnumber' => $data->idnumber])) {
                 throw new moodle_exception('categoryidnumbertaken');
             }
             $newcategory->idnumber = $data->idnumber;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public static function create_category($data, $editoroptions = null) {
         if (empty($data->parent)) {
             $parent = core_course_category::get(0);
         } else {
-            $parent = $DB->get_record('course_categories', array('id' => $data->parent));
+            $parent = $DB->get_record('course_categories', ['id' => $data->parent]);
         }
         $newcategory->parent = $parent->id;
         $newcategory->depth = $parent->depth + 1;
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ public static function create_category($data, $editoroptions = null) {
 
         $newcategory->sortorder = 0;
         $newcategory->timemodified = time();
-        $DB->insert_records('course_categories', array($newcategory), true);
+        $DB->insert_records('course_categories', [$newcategory], true);
             // Update path (only possible after we know the category id.
         $path = $parent->path . '/' . $newcategory->id;
-        $DB->set_field('course_categories', 'path', $path, array('id' => $newcategory->id));
+        $DB->set_field('course_categories', 'path', $path, ['id' => $newcategory->id]);
 
         // We should mark the context as dirty.
         context_coursecat::instance($newcategory->id)->mark_dirty();
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ public static function create_category($data, $editoroptions = null) {
             $DB->update_record('course_categories', $updatedata);
         }
 
-        $event = \core\event\course_category_created::create(array(
+        $event = \core\event\course_category_created::create([
             'objectid' => $newcategory->id,
             'context' => $categorycontext,
-        ));
+        ]);
         $event->trigger();
 
         cache_helper::purge_by_event('changesincoursecat');
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_general.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_general.php
index 6efe88f85..277d8c322 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_general.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_general.php
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ function($context, $args) {
                 // If all the found nodes are hidden we are happy.
                 return true;
             },
-            array('nodes' => $nodes, 'text' => $text, 'element' => $element, 'selectortype' => $selectortype),
+            ['nodes' => $nodes, 'text' => $text, 'element' => $element, 'selectortype' => $selectortype],
             behat_base::get_reduced_timeout(),
             false,
             true
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ public function theme_snap_i_assign_user_the_role_of_role_in_the_frontpage($user
         $roles = get_assignable_roles($context, ROLENAME_SHORT, false);
         $roleid = array_search($role, $roles);
 
-        $user = $DB->get_record('user', array('username' => $user), '*', MUST_EXIST);
+        $user = $DB->get_record('user', ['username' => $user], '*', MUST_EXIST);
 
         role_assign($roleid, $user->id, $context->id);
     }
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
index ce9768fec..f8c42bfd1 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions.php
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class behat_theme_snap_behat_permissions extends behat_permissions {
     public function i_set_the_following_system_permissions_of_role($rolename, $table) {
         global $DB;
         // Find role by name.
-        $roleid = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => strtolower($rolename)), MUST_EXIST);
+        $roleid = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', ['shortname' => strtolower($rolename)], MUST_EXIST);
         // Spawn a new system context instance.
         $systemcontext = \context_system::instance();
         // Add capabilities to role given the table of capabilities.
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ public function i_set_the_following_system_permissions_of_role($rolename, $table
     public function i_set_activityvisibility_capability_to_student($capability) {
         global $DB;
 
-        $DB->insert_record('role_capabilities', array(
+        $DB->insert_record('role_capabilities', [
             'contextid' => 1,
             'roleid' => 5,
             'capability' => $capability,
             'permission' => 1,
             'timemodified' => time(),
-            'modifierid' => 0, ));
+            'modifierid' => 0, ]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_category_colors.php b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_category_colors.php
index 41928ef9a..27e53c0e2 100644
--- a/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_category_colors.php
+++ b/tests/behat/behat_theme_snap_category_colors.php
@@ -121,18 +121,18 @@ private static function hex2rgb($color) {
         }
         $hex = $match[1];
         if (strlen($match[1]) == 6) {
-            list($r, $g, $b) = array($hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[2].$hex[3], $hex[4].$hex[5]);
+            list($r, $g, $b) = [$hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[2].$hex[3], $hex[4].$hex[5]];
         } else if (strlen($match[1]) == 3) {
-            list($r, $g, $b) = array($hex[0].$hex[0], $hex[1].$hex[1], $hex[2].$hex[2]);
+            list($r, $g, $b) = [$hex[0].$hex[0], $hex[1].$hex[1], $hex[2].$hex[2]];
         } else if (strlen($match[1]) == 2) {
-            list($r, $g, $b) = array($hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[0].$hex[1]);
+            list($r, $g, $b) = [$hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[0].$hex[1], $hex[0].$hex[1]];
         } else if (strlen($match[1]) == 1) {
-            list($r, $g, $b) = array($hex.$hex, $hex.$hex, $hex.$hex);
+            list($r, $g, $b) = [$hex.$hex, $hex.$hex, $hex.$hex];
         } else {
             return false;
         }
 
-        $color = array();
+        $color = [];
         $color['r'] = hexdec($r);
         $color['g'] = hexdec($g);
         $color['b'] = hexdec($b);
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ private static function rgb2array($rgb) {
         if (!isset($vals[1])) {
             return false;
         }
-        $color = array();
+        $color = [];
         $color['r'] = intval($vals[1]);
         $color['g'] = intval($vals[2]);
         $color['b'] = intval($vals[3]);
diff --git a/tests/controller/kernel_test.php b/tests/controller/kernel_test.php
index d6085e9c2..e3908f58f 100644
--- a/tests/controller/kernel_test.php
+++ b/tests/controller/kernel_test.php
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ public function both_string_callback() {
     }
 
     public function test_resolve_controller_callback() {
-        $controller = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract', array(
+        $controller = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract', [
             'init',
             'test_action',
             'require_capability',
-        ));
+        ]);
 
-        $router = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\router', array('route_action'));
+        $router = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\router', ['route_action']);
         $router->expects($this->once())->method('route_action')->will($this->returnValue([$controller, 'test_action']));
 
         $kernel = new kernel($router);
@@ -68,18 +68,18 @@ public function test_resolve_controller_callback() {
     public function test_execute_callback_with_return() {
         $this->expectOutputString('return phpunit');
         $kernel = new kernel(new router());
-        $kernel->execute_callback(array($this, 'return_string_callback'));
+        $kernel->execute_callback([$this, 'return_string_callback']);
     }
 
     public function test_execute_callback_with_echo() {
         $this->expectOutputString('echo phpunit');
         $kernel = new kernel(new router());
-        $kernel->execute_callback(array($this, 'echo_string_callback'));
+        $kernel->execute_callback([$this, 'echo_string_callback']);
     }
 
     public function test_execute_callback_with_both() {
         $kernel = new kernel(new router());
         $this->expectException(\coding_exception::class);
-        $kernel->execute_callback(array($this, 'both_string_callback'));
+        $kernel->execute_callback([$this, 'both_string_callback']);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/controller/router_test.php b/tests/controller/router_test.php
index f844b28a1..00ed49f65 100644
--- a/tests/controller/router_test.php
+++ b/tests/controller/router_test.php
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 class router_test extends \basic_testcase {
     public function test_route_action() {
         $controller1 = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract',
-            array('init', 'test_action', 'require_capability'));
+            ['init', 'test_action', 'require_capability']);
         $controller2 = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract',
-            array('init', 'test_action', 'require_capability'));
+            ['init', 'test_action', 'require_capability']);
 
         $router = new router();
         $router->add_controller($controller1);
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public function test_non_public_action() {
     }
 
     public function test_route_fail() {
-        $controller = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract', array('init', 'require_capability'));
+        $controller = $this->createPartialMock('\theme_snap\controller\controller_abstract', ['init', 'require_capability']);
         $router     = new router();
         $router->add_controller($controller);
         $this->expectException(\coding_exception::class);
diff --git a/tests/core_renderer_test.php b/tests/core_renderer_test.php
index fe3b0d818..2bb7eaed7 100644
--- a/tests/core_renderer_test.php
+++ b/tests/core_renderer_test.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public function test_default_heading_on_standard_pagelayout_sitelevel() {
         $COURSE->id = SITEID; // Simulate site level.
 
         $PAGE = new \moodle_page();
-        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', array('id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id));
+        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', ['id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id]);
         $PAGE->set_context(\context_user::instance($user->id));
         $PAGE->set_pagelayout('standard');
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public function test_course_link_should_not_appear_on_sitelevel() {
         $COURSE->id = SITEID; // Simulate site level.
 
         $PAGE = new \moodle_page();
-        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', array('id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id));
+        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', ['id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id]);
         $PAGE->set_context(\context_user::instance($user->id));
         $PAGE->set_pagelayout('mypublic');
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public function test_course_link_should_appear_on_courselevel() {
         $COURSE = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course();
 
         $PAGE = new \moodle_page();
-        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', array('id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id));
+        $PAGE->set_url('/user/view.php', ['id' => $user->id, 'course' => $COURSE->id]);
         $PAGE->set_context(\context_user::instance($user->id));
         $PAGE->set_pagelayout('mypublic');
         $PAGE->set_heading($COURSE->fullname);
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public function test_remove_duplicated_breadcrumbs(array $breadcrumbs, array $ex
         $pagebreadcrumbs = $corerenderer->remove_duplicated_breadcrumbs($pagebreadcrumbs);
 
         // Get text value from object array.
-        $pagebreadcrumbsarray = array();
+        $pagebreadcrumbsarray = [];
         foreach ($pagebreadcrumbs as $item) {
             array_push($pagebreadcrumbsarray, $item->text);
         }
diff --git a/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php b/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
index e4b134fd7..cf9dad685 100644
--- a/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
+++ b/tests/course_module_recycle_bin_test.php
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ protected function setUp(): void {
         set_config('coursebinenable', 1, 'tool_recyclebin');
 
         $this->course = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(
-            array('numsections' => 3, 'format' => 'weeks'),
-            array('createsections' => true));
+            ['numsections' => 3, 'format' => 'weeks'],
+            ['createsections' => true]);
         $this->assign = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_module('assign',
-            array('course' => $this->course, 'section' => 1));
+            ['course' => $this->course, 'section' => 1]);
 
         $this->courseservice = course::service();
     }
diff --git a/tests/course_total_grade_test.php b/tests/course_total_grade_test.php
index d1e2530b2..1de6bd0f2 100644
--- a/tests/course_total_grade_test.php
+++ b/tests/course_total_grade_test.php
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ private function init($usercount = null, $coursecount = null, $assigncount = nul
                 if (!isset($courseassignments[$c])) {
                     $this->courseassignments[$c] = [];
                 }
-                $record = array('course' => $course);
+                $record = ['course' => $course];
                 $instance = $assigngen->create_instance($record);
 
                 $cm = get_coursemodule_from_instance('assign', $instance->id);
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ private function init($usercount = null, $coursecount = null, $assigncount = nul
                 \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, $gradeitemsetting);
                 $gradeitem->update();
                 $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-                $grades = array();
+                $grades = [];
 
                 // Do grading.
                 foreach ($this->users as $user) {
@@ -316,10 +316,10 @@ private static function course_grade_user_report($course) {
         // Get course grade_item.
         $courseitem = \grade_item::fetch_course_item($course->id);
         // Get the stored grade.
-        $coursegrade = new \grade_grade(array('itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $USER->id));
+        $coursegrade = new \grade_grade(['itemid' => $courseitem->id, 'userid' => $USER->id]);
         $coursegrade->grade_item =& $courseitem;
 
-        $feedbackurl = new \moodle_url('/grade/report/user/index.php', array('id' => $course->id));
+        $feedbackurl = new \moodle_url('/grade/report/user/index.php', ['id' => $course->id]);
         // Default feedbackobj.
         $feedbackobj = (object)[
             'feedbackurl' => $feedbackurl->out(),
@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ private static function course_grade_user_report($course) {
 
         if (!$coursegrade->is_hidden() || $canviewhidden) {
             // Use user grade report to get course total - this is to take hidden grade settings into account.
-            $gpr = new \grade_plugin_return(array(
+            $gpr = new \grade_plugin_return([
                     'type' => 'report',
                     'plugin' => 'user',
                     'courseid' => $course->id,
-                    'userid' => $USER->id, )
+                    'userid' => $USER->id, ]
             );
             $report = new \gradereport_user\report\user($course->id, $gpr, $coursecontext, $USER->id);
             $report->fill_table();
diff --git a/tests/dashboard_appendices_test.php b/tests/dashboard_appendices_test.php
index b5ef427d8..a3a902196 100644
--- a/tests/dashboard_appendices_test.php
+++ b/tests/dashboard_appendices_test.php
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ public function test_dashboard_shows_open_reports_experimental() {
         $course = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course();
         $student = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
         $teacher = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         $coursecontext = \context_course::instance($course->id);
         // Assign capability for viewing reports for students.
         assign_capability('block/reports:viewown', CAP_ALLOW, $studentrole->id, $coursecontext->id, true);
diff --git a/tests/gradebookaccess_test.php b/tests/gradebookaccess_test.php
index cc7daf376..ceae89776 100644
--- a/tests/gradebookaccess_test.php
+++ b/tests/gradebookaccess_test.php
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ public function test_gradebookaccess_gradesavailableforstuds() {
         $this->resetAfterTest(true);
 
         // Get the id for the necessary roles.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $editteacherrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $editteacherrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
 
         // Create a course with grades enabled to students.
-        $course1 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(array('showgrades' => 1));
+        $course1 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(['showgrades' => 1]);
         $PAGE->set_course($course1); // This becomes necessary because gradebook_accessible depends on $COURSE.
 
         // Create two users.
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ public function test_gradebookaccess_gradesnotavailableforstuds() {
         $this->resetAfterTest(true);
 
         // Get the id for the necessary roles.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $editteacherrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $editteacherrole = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
 
         // Create a course with grades disabled to students.
-        $course2 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(array('showgrades' => 0));
+        $course2 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(['showgrades' => 0]);
         $PAGE->set_course($course2); // This becomes necessary because gradebook_accessible depends on $COURSE.
 
         // Create two users.
diff --git a/tests/local_test.php b/tests/local_test.php
index 303987b23..664208c32 100644
--- a/tests/local_test.php
+++ b/tests/local_test.php
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public function test_get_course_color() {
     }
 
     public function test_simpler_time() {
-        $testcases = array (
+        $testcases = [
             1 => 1,
             22 => 22,
             33 => 33,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public function test_simpler_time() {
             150 => 180,
             151 => 180,
             1234567 => 1234560,
-        );
+        ];
 
         foreach ($testcases as $input => $expected) {
             $actual = local::simpler_time($input);
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ public function test_simpler_time() {
 
     public function test_relative_time() {
 
-        $timetag  = array(
+        $timetag  = [
             'tag' => 'time',
-            'attributes' => array(
+            'attributes' => [
                 'is' => 'relative-time',
-            ),
-        );
+            ],
+        ];
 
         $actual = local::relative_time(time());
         $this->assertTag($timetag + ['content' => 'now'], $actual);
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public function test_no_messages() {
         global $USER;
 
         $actual = local::get_user_messages($USER->id);
-        $expected = array();
+        $expected = [];
         $this->assertSame($actual, $expected);
 
         $actual = local::messages();
@@ -446,14 +446,14 @@ protected function fake_site_image_setting_upload($filename) {
 
         $syscontext = \context_system::instance();
 
-        $filerecord = array(
+        $filerecord = [
             'contextid' => $syscontext->id,
             'component' => 'theme_snap',
             'filearea'  => 'poster',
             'itemid'    => 0,
             'filepath'  => '/',
             'filename'  => $filename,
-        );
+        ];
 
         $filepath = $CFG->dirroot.'/theme/snap/tests/fixtures/'.$filename;
 
@@ -552,14 +552,14 @@ public function test_poster_image_upload() {
     protected function fake_course_image_setting_upload($filename, $context) {
         global $CFG;
 
-        $filerecord = array(
+        $filerecord = [
             'contextid' => $context->id,
             'component' => 'theme_snap',
             'filearea'  => 'coverimage',
             'itemid'    => 0,
             'filepath'  => '/',
             'filename'  => $filename,
-        );
+        ];
 
         $filepath = $CFG->dirroot.'/theme/snap/tests/fixtures/'.$filename;
 
@@ -641,13 +641,13 @@ public function test_gradeable_courseids() {
         $teacher = $generator->create_user();
 
         // Enrol teacher as teacher on course1.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
             $course1->id,
             $teacherrole->id);
 
         // Enrol teacher as student on course2.
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
             $course2->id,
             $studentrole->id);
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ public function test_current_url_path() {
         // We want to make sure we can get the local path whilst moodle is in a subpath of the url.
 
         $this->resetAfterTest();
-        $PAGE->set_url('/course/view.php', array('id' => 1));
+        $PAGE->set_url('/course/view.php', ['id' => 1]);
         $urlpath = $PAGE->url->get_path();
         $expected = '/moodle/course/view.php';
         $this->assertEquals($expected, $urlpath);
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ public function test_course_completion_progress() {
         $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($student->id, $course->id, $studentrole->id);
         $teacher = $generator->create_user();
-        $editingteacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+        $editingteacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
         $generator->enrol_user($teacher->id, $course->id, $editingteacherrole->id);
 
         $this->setUser($student);
@@ -880,10 +880,10 @@ public function test_course_completion_progress() {
         $DB->set_field('course_modules', 'completiongradeitemnumber', 0, ['id' => $cm->id]);
         $assign = new \assign($cm->context, $cm, $course);
         $gradeitem = $assign->get_grade_item();
-        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, array('gradepass' => 50.0));
+        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, ['gradepass' => 50.0]);
         $gradeitem->update();
         $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-        $grades = array();
+        $grades = [];
         $grades[$student->id] = (object) [
             'rawgrade' => 60,
             'userid' => $student->id,
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ public function test_course_completion_progress() {
         // Assert completion does update for current user when they grade their own assignment.
         // Note, we need to stay as a teacher because if we logged out to test as student it would invalidate the
         // cache and we are testing for cache invalidation here!!!!
-        $grades = array();
+        $grades = [];
         $grades[$teacher->id] = (object) [
             'rawgrade' => 60,
             'userid' => $teacher->id,
@@ -993,10 +993,10 @@ public function test_course_grade() {
         // Assert feedback available does not update for current user when grading someone else's assignment.
         $assign = new \assign($cm->context, $cm, $course);
         $gradeitem = $assign->get_grade_item();
-        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, array('gradepass' => 50.0));
+        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, ['gradepass' => 50.0]);
         $gradeitem->update();
         $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-        $grades = array();
+        $grades = [];
         $grades[$student2->id] = (object) [
             'rawgrade' => 60,
             'userid' => $student2->id,
@@ -1013,10 +1013,10 @@ public function test_course_grade() {
         // required for this test.
         $assign = new \assign($cm->context, $cm, $course);
         $gradeitem = $assign->get_grade_item();
-        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, array('gradepass' => 50.0));
+        \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, ['gradepass' => 50.0]);
         $gradeitem->update();
         $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-        $grades = array();
+        $grades = [];
         $grades[$student->id] = (object) [
             'rawgrade' => 60,
             'userid' => $student->id,
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ public function test_clean_course_card_teacher_avatar_cache() {
 
         // Unenrolment causes indexes to be recalculated.
         $menrol = enrol_get_plugin('manual');
-        $enrol = $DB->get_record('enrol', array('courseid' => $course->id, 'enrol' => 'manual'), '*', MUST_EXIST);
+        $enrol = $DB->get_record('enrol', ['courseid' => $course->id, 'enrol' => 'manual'], '*', MUST_EXIST);
         $menrol->unenrol_user($enrol, $teacher->id);
 
         $this->assertFalse($avatarcache->get($context->id));
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ public function completion_activity_helper($student, $teacher, $courses) {
             $course = $generator->create_course((object) ['enablecompletion' => 1]);
             $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
             $generator->enrol_user($student->id, $course->id, $studentrole->id);
-            $editingteacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+            $editingteacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
             $generator->enrol_user($teacher->id, $course->id, $editingteacherrole->id);
 
             $this->setUser($student);
@@ -1463,10 +1463,10 @@ public function completion_activity_helper($student, $teacher, $courses) {
             $DB->set_field('course_modules', 'completiongradeitemnumber', 0, ['id' => $cm->id]);
             $assign = new \assign($cm->context, $cm, $course);
             $gradeitem = $assign->get_grade_item();
-            \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, array('gradepass' => 50.0));
+            \grade_object::set_properties($gradeitem, ['gradepass' => 50.0]);
             $gradeitem->update();
             $assignrow = $assign->get_instance();
-            $grades = array();
+            $grades = [];
             $grades[$student->id] = (object) [
                 'rawgrade' => 60,
                 'userid' => $student->id,
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ public function completion_activity_helper($student, $teacher, $courses) {
             $assignrow->cmidnumber = null;
             assign_grade_item_update($assignrow, $grades);
             $generator->enrol_user($teacher->id, $course->id, $studentrole->id);
-            $grades = array();
+            $grades = [];
             $grades[$teacher->id] = (object) [
                 'rawgrade' => 60,
                 'userid' => $teacher->id,
diff --git a/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php b/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
index 04521881b..545dac7b9 100644
--- a/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
+++ b/tests/recent_forum_activity_test.php
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public function setUp(): void {
         $this->teacher2 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
 
         // Enrol (as students) user1 to both courses but user2 only to course2.
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($this->user1->id,
             $this->course1->id,
             $sturole->id);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ public function setUp(): void {
             $sturole->id);
 
         // Enrol teachers on both courses.
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
         $teachers = [$this->teacher2, $this->teacher1];
         foreach ($teachers as $teacher) {
             $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($teacher->id,
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ public function test_forum_high_volume_posts($ftype = 'forum') {
         // User 2 count.
         $user2c = 0;
 
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
 
         $totalcourses = 20;
         $totalforums = 0;
diff --git a/tests/render_edit_mode_test.php b/tests/render_edit_mode_test.php
index 4728128d8..67cde50ca 100644
--- a/tests/render_edit_mode_test.php
+++ b/tests/render_edit_mode_test.php
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ public function test_render_edit_mode() {
         $course = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course();
         $student = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
         $teacher = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'teacher'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $teacherrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'teacher']);
         $coursecontext = \context_course::instance($course->id);
         $PAGE->set_pagetype('course-view-' . $course->format);
         // Assign capability for viewing course for students.
diff --git a/tests/services_course_test.php b/tests/services_course_test.php
index ae16da55c..ce90dfdd1 100644
--- a/tests/services_course_test.php
+++ b/tests/services_course_test.php
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public function setUp(): void {
         $this->user1 = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
 
         // Enrol user to all courses.
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
 
         foreach ($this->courses as $course) {
             $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($this->user1->id,
@@ -196,14 +196,14 @@ public function test_course_completion() {
         ], ['createsections' => true]);
 
         // Enrol user to completion tracking course.
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($this->user1->id,
             $course->id,
             $sturole->id);
 
         // Create page with completion marked on view.
-        $page1 = $generator->create_module('page', array('course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'page1 complete on view'),
-            array('completion' => 2, 'completionview' => 1));
+        $page1 = $generator->create_module('page', ['course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'page1 complete on view'],
+            ['completion' => 2, 'completionview' => 1]);
         $modinfo = get_fast_modinfo($course);
         $page1cm = $modinfo->get_cm($page1->cmid);
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public function test_course_toc() {
             'format' => 'topics',
             'numsections' => 10,
         ], ['createsections' => true]);
-        $page = $generator->create_module('page', array('course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'test page'));
+        $page = $generator->create_module('page', ['course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'test page']);
 
         $toc = $this->courseservice->course_toc('testlistlarge');
         $this->assertTrue($toc->modules[0] instanceof \theme_snap\renderables\course_toc_module);
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ public function test_course_toc_chapters_escaped_chars() {
         ], ['createsections' => true]);
 
         // Get section names for course.
-        $coursesections = $DB->get_records('course_sections', array('course' => $course->id));
+        $coursesections = $DB->get_records('course_sections', ['course' => $course->id]);
 
         // Modify section names.
         $t = 0;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ public function test_user_deletion() {
         $service = $this->courseservice;
         $service->setfavorite($this->courses[0]->shortname, true, $this->user1->id);
         $service->setfavorite($this->courses[1]->shortname, true, $this->user1->id);
-        $params = array('userid' => $this->user1->id, 'component' => 'core_course');
+        $params = ['userid' => $this->user1->id, 'component' => 'core_course'];
         $favorites = $DB->get_records('favourite', $params);
         $this->assertNotEmpty($favorites);
         delete_user($this->user1);
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ public function test_course_deletion() {
         $service = $this->courseservice;
         $service->setfavorite($this->courses[0]->shortname, true, $this->user1->id);
         $service->setfavorite($this->courses[1]->shortname, true, $this->user1->id);
-        $params = array('userid' => $this->user1->id, 'component' => 'core_course');
+        $params = ['userid' => $this->user1->id, 'component' => 'core_course'];
         $favorites = $DB->count_records('favourite', $params);
         $this->assertEquals(2, $favorites);
         $this->assertNotEmpty($favorites);
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ public function test_module_toggle_completion() {
         ], ['createsections' => true]);
 
         // Enrol user to completion tracking course.
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $generator->enrol_user($this->user1->id,
             $course->id,
             $sturole->id);
@@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ public function test_module_toggle_completion() {
         $this->setUser($this->user1);
 
         // Create page with completion marked manually.
-        $page1 = $generator->create_module('page', array('course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'page1 complete manually'),
-            array('completion' => 1, 'completionview' => 0));
+        $page1 = $generator->create_module('page', ['course' => $course->id, 'name' => 'page1 complete manually'],
+            ['completion' => 1, 'completionview' => 0]);
         $modinfo = get_fast_modinfo($course);
         $page1cm = $modinfo->get_cm($page1->cmid);
         $completion = new \completion_info($course);
@@ -551,10 +551,10 @@ public function test_section_fragment() {
         global $CFG, $DB;
         require_once($CFG->dirroot .'/theme/snap/lib.php');
         $topics = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course(
-            array('numsections' => 5, 'format' => 'topics'),
-            array('createsections' => true));
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
-        $teacherole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'editingteacher'));
+            ['numsections' => 5, 'format' => 'topics'],
+            ['createsections' => true]);
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
+        $teacherole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'editingteacher']);
 
         $student = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
         $teacher = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
diff --git a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_categories_test.php b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_categories_test.php
index ba895190c..ef2fa9cb6 100644
--- a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_categories_test.php
+++ b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_categories_test.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public function test_service() {
         $this->resetAfterTest();
 
         $user = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
 
         // Create course.
         $course = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course();
diff --git a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_data_test.php b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_data_test.php
index b3bb2d168..20f28d67f 100644
--- a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_data_test.php
+++ b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_data_test.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public function test_service() {
         $this->resetAfterTest();
 
         $user = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
 
         // Create course.
         $course = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_course();
diff --git a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_test.php b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_test.php
index 2064d0e74..212965df5 100644
--- a/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_test.php
+++ b/tests/webservice_ws_course_card_test.php
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public function test_service() {
         $user = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_user();
 
         // Enrol user to course.
-        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $sturole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($user->id,
             $course->id,
             $sturole->id);
diff --git a/tests/webservice_ws_feed_activity_test.php b/tests/webservice_ws_feed_activity_test.php
index 952c24bb5..d245fc453 100644
--- a/tests/webservice_ws_feed_activity_test.php
+++ b/tests/webservice_ws_feed_activity_test.php
@@ -80,19 +80,19 @@ public function test_feed_deadline() {
         $record = new \stdClass();
         $record->course = $course;
 
-        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', array('shortname' => 'student'));
+        $studentrole = $DB->get_record('role', ['shortname' => 'student']);
         $this->getDataGenerator()->enrol_user($student->id, $course->id, $studentrole->id);
 
         // Create an activity, e.g. an Assign activity.
         $assignmodulename = 'assign';
         $assignactivityname = 'Assignment';
         $assign = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_module($assignmodulename, $record);
-        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event(array(
+        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event([
             'userid' => $student->id,
             'modulename' => $assignmodulename,
             'eventtype' => 'due',
             'instance' => $assign->id,
-        ));
+        ]);
 
         $this->setUser($student);
         $deadlines = ws_feed::service('deadlines');
@@ -104,12 +104,12 @@ public function test_feed_deadline() {
         $this->setAdminUser();
         $quizmodulename = 'quiz';
         $quiz = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_module($quizmodulename, $record);
-        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event(array(
+        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event([
             'userid' => $student->id,
             'modulename' => $quizmodulename,
             'eventtype' => 'due',
             'instance' => $quiz->id,
-        ));
+        ]);
 
         $this->setUser($student);
         $deadlines = ws_feed::service('deadlines');
@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ public function test_feed_deadline() {
         $this->setAdminUser();
         $labelmodulename = 'label';
         $label = $this->getDataGenerator()->create_module($labelmodulename, $record);
-        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event(array(
+        $this->getDataGenerator()->create_event([
             'userid' => $student->id,
             'modulename' => $labelmodulename,
             'eventtype' => 'due',
             'instance' => $label->id,
-        ));
+        ]);
 
         $this->setUser($student);
         $deadlines = ws_feed::service('deadlines');