HAProxy Ingress controller

Ingress controller implementation for HAProxy loadbalancer.

Releases

HAProxy Ingress images are built by Travis CI and the image is deployed from Travis CI to Quay.io whenever a tag is applied. The latest tag will always point to the latest stable version while canary tag will always point to the latest beta-quality and release-candidate versions.

Before the beta-quality releases, the source code could also be tagged and images deployed. The snapshot tag will always point to the latest tagged version, which could be a release, a beta-quality or a development version.

Installation

The five minutes deployment

Follow the detailed instructions here or, in short:

kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jcmoraisjr/haproxy-ingress/master/docs/haproxy-ingress.yaml
kubectl label node <node-name> role=ingress-controller

Deployment from examples

• Start with deployment instructions
• See TLS termination on how to enable https

Configuration

HAProxy Ingress has two types of dynamic configurations: per ingress resource using annotations, or globally using a ConfigMap resource. The controller has also static command-line arguments.

It is also possible to change the default template mounting a new template file at /etc/haproxy/template/haproxy.tmpl. This is the only file in the directory, so create a configmap with haproxy.tmpl key mounting into /etc/haproxy/template will work.

The template supports Sprig template library. This library provides a group of commonly used template functions to work with dictionaries, lists, math etc.

Annotations

The following annotations are supported:

• [0] only in canary tag
• [1] only in snapshot tag

	Name	Data	Usage
	ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity	affinity type	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type	"basic"	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret	secret name	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm	realm string	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-cert-header	[true|false]	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-error-page	url	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-secret	namespace/secret name	doc
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/balance-algorithm	algorithm name	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-deploy	label=value=weight,...	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-balance	label=value=weight,...	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-mode	[pod|deploy]	doc
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/config-backend	multiline HAProxy backend config	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origin	URL	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methods	methods list	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headers	headers list	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials	[true|false]	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-enable	[true|false]	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-age	time (seconds)	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts	[true|false]	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-include-subdomains	[true|false]	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-max-age	qty of seconds	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-preload	[true|false]	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections	qty	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps	rate per second	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist	cidr list	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/maxconn-server	qty	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/maxqueue-server	qty	-
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth	"oauth2_proxy"	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth-uri-prefix	URI prefix	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth-headers	<header>:<var>,...	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-protocol	[v1|v2|v2-ssl|v2-ssl-cn]	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/slots-increment	qty	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/timeout-queue	qty	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size	size (bytes)	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends	[true|false]	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-crt-secret	secret name	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-verify-ca-secret	secret name	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name	cookie name	-
[0]	ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-strategy	[insert|prefix|rewrite]	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough	[true|false]	-
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough-http-port	backend port	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect	[true|false]	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root	/url	doc
	ingress.kubernetes.io/whitelist-source-range	CIDR	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target	path string	-
	ingress.kubernetes.io/server-alias	domain name or regex	-
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/use-resolver	resolver name]	doc
[1]	ingress.kubernetes.io/waf	"modsecurity"	doc

Affinity

Configure if HAProxy should maintain client requests to the same backend server.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity: the only supported option is cookie. If declared, clients will receive a cookie with a hash of the server it should be fidelized to.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name: the name of the cookie. INGRESSCOOKIE is the default value if not declared.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-strategy: the cookie strategy to use (insert, rewrite, prefix). insert is the default value if not declared.

Note for dynamic-scaling users only: the hash of the server is built based on it's name. When the slots are scaled down, the remaining servers might change it's server name on HAProxy configuration. In order to circumvent this, always configure the slot increment at least as much as the number of replicas of the deployment that need to use affinity. This limitation was removed on v0.6.

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-cookie
• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-cookie
• https://www.haproxy.com/blog/load-balancing-affinity-persistence-sticky-sessions-what-you-need-to-know/

Auth TLS

Configure client authentication with X509 certificate. The following headers are added to the request:

• X-SSL-Client-SHA1: Hex encoding of the SHA-1 fingerprint of the X509 certificate
• X-SSL-Client-DN: Distinguished name of the certificate
• X-SSL-Client-CN: Common name of the certificate

The prefix of the header name can be configured with ssl-headers-prefix configmap option, which defaults to X-SSL.

The following annotations are supported:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-cert-header: if true HAProxy will add X-SSL-Client-Cert http header with a base64 encoding of the X509 certificate provided by the client. Default is to not provide the client certificate.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-error-page: optional URL of the page to redirect the user if he doesn't provide a certificate or the certificate is invalid.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-secret: mandatory secret name with ca.crt key providing all certificate authority bundles used to validate client certificates.

See also client cert sample.

Blue-green

Configure weight of a blue/green deployment. The annotation accepts a comma separated list of label name/value pair and a numeric weight. Concatenate label name, label value and weight with an equal sign, without spaces. The label name/value pair will be used to match corresponding pods or deploys. There is no limit to the number of label/weight balance configurations.

The endpoints of a single backend are selected using service selectors, which also uses labels. Because of that, in order to use blue/green deployment, the deployment, daemon set or replication controller template should have at least two label name/value pairs - one that matches the service selector and another that matches the blue/green selector.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-balance: comma separated list of labels and weights
• ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-deploy: deprecated on v0.7, this is an alias to ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-balance.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/blue-green-mode: defaults to deploy on v0.7, defines how to apply the weights, might be pod or deploy

The following configuration group=blue=1,group=green=4 will redirect 20% of the load to the group=blue group and 80% of the load to group=green group.

Applying the weights depends on the blue/green mode. v0.6 has only pod mode which means that every single pod receives the same weight as configured on blue/green balance. This means that a balance configuration with 50% to each group will redirect twice as much requests to a backend that has the double of replicas. v0.7 has also deploy mode which rebalance the weights based on the number of replicas of each deployment.

In short, regarding blue/green mode: use pod if you want to redirect more requests to a deployment updating the number of replicas; use deploy if you want to control the load of each side updating the blue/green balance annotation.

Value of 0 (zero) can also be used as weight. This will let the endpoint configured in the backend accepting persistent connections - see affinity - but will not participate in the load balancing. The maximum weight value is 256.

See also the example page.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-weight

CORS

Add CORS headers on OPTIONS http command (preflight) and reponses.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-enable: Enable CORS if defined as true.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origin: Optional, configures Access-Control-Allow-Origin header which defines the URL that may access the resource. Defaults to *.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methods: Optional, configures Access-Control-Allow-Methods header which defines the allowed methods. See defaults here.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headers: Optional, configures Access-Control-Allow-Headers header which defines the allowed headers. See defaults here.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials: Optional, configures Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header which defines whether or not credentials (cookies, authorization headers or client certificates) should be exposed. Defaults to true.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-age: Optional, configures Access-Control-Max-Age header which defines the time in seconds the result should be cached. Defaults to 86400 (1 day).

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS

Limit

Configure rate limit and concurrent connections per client IP address in order to mitigate DDoS attack. If several users are hidden behind the same IP (NAT or proxy), this configuration may have a negative impact for them. Whitelist can be used to these IPs.

The following annotations are supported:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections: Maximum number os concurrent connections per client IP
• ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: Maximum number of connections per second of the same IP
• ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist: Comma separated list of CIDRs that should be removed from the rate limit and concurrent connections check

Connection

Configurations of connection limit and timeout.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/maxconn-server: Defines the maximum concurrent connections each server of a backend should receive. If not specified or a value lesser than or equal zero is used, an unlimited number of connections will be allowed. When the limit is reached, new connections will wait on a queue.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/maxqueue-server: Defines the maximum number of connections should wait in the queue of a server. When this number is reached, new requests will be redispached to another server, breaking sticky session if configured. The queue will be unlimited if the annotation is not specified or a value lesser than or equal zero is used.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/timeout-queue: Defines how much time a connection should wait on a queue before a 503 error is returned to the client. The unit defaults to milliseconds if missing, change the unit with s, m, h, ... suffix. The configmap timeout-queue option is used as the default value.

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-maxconn

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-maxqueue

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-timeout%20queue

• Time suffix: http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#2.4

OAuth

Configure OAuth2 via Bitly's oauth2_proxy.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth: Defines the oauth implementation. The only supported option is oauth2_proxy.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth-uri-prefix: Defines the URI prefix of the oauth service. The default value is /oauth2. There should be a backend with this path in the ingress resource.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/oauth-headers: Defines an optional comma-separated list of <header>:<haproxy-var> used to configure request headers to the upstream backends. The default value is X-Auth-Request-Email:auth_response_email which means configuring a header X-Auth-Request-Email with the value of the var auth_response_email. New variables can be added overwriting the default auth-request.lua script.

The oauth2_proxy implementation expects Bitly's oauth2_proxy running as a backend of the same domain that should be protected. oauth2_proxy has support to GitHub, Google, Facebook, OIDC and many others.

All paths of a domain will have the same oauth configurations, despite if the path is configured on an ingress resource without oauth annotations. In other words, if two ingress resources share the same domain but only one has oauth annotations - the one that has at least the oauth2_proxy service - all paths from that domain will be protected.

See also the example page.

Proxy Protocol

Define if the upstream backends support proxy protocol and what version of the protocol should be used.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-protocol: The proxy protocol version the backend expect. Supported values are v1, v2, v2-ssl, v2-ssl-cn or no. The default behavior if not declared is that the protocol is not supported by the backends and should not be used.

• http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-send-proxy

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-send-proxy-v2

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-send-proxy-v2-ssl

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-send-proxy-v2-ssl-cn

Secure Backend

Configure secure (TLS) connection to the backends.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: Define as true if the backend provide a TLS connection.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-crt-secret: Optional secret name of client certificate and key. This cert/key pair must be provided if the backend requests a client certificate. Expected secret keys are tls.crt and tls.key, the same used if secret is built with kubectl create secret tls <name>.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-verify-ca-secret: Optional secret name with certificate authority bundle used to validate server certificate, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. Expected secret key is ca.crt.

Server Alias

Creates an alias of the server that annotation belongs to. It'll be using the same backend but different ACL. Alias rules will be checked at the very end of list or rules. It is allowed to be a regex.

Note: ^ and $ cannot be used because they are already included in ACL.

Rewrite Target

Configures how URI of the requests should be rewritten before send the request to the backend. The following table shows some examples:

ingress path	request path	rewrite target	output
/abc	/abc	/	/
/abc	/abc/	/	/
/abc	/abc/x	/	/x
/abc	/abc	/y	/y
/abc	/abc/	/y	/y/
/abc	/abc/x	/y	/y/x
/abc/	/abc	/	404
/abc/	/abc/	/	/
/abc/	/abc/x	/	/x

SSL passthrough

Defines if HAProxy should work in TCP proxy mode and leave the SSL offload to the backend. SSL passthrough is a per domain configuration, which means that other domains can be configured to SSL offload on HAProxy.

If using SSL passthrough, only root / path is supported.

• ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: Enable ssl passthrough if defined as True and the backend is expected to SSL offload the incoming traffic. The default value is False, which means HAProxy should do the SSL handshake.
• ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough-http-port: Since v0.7. Optional HTTP port number of the backend. If defined, connections to the HAProxy HTTP port, default 80, is sent to that port which expects to speak plain HTTP. If not defined, connections to the HTTP port will redirect connections to the HTTPS one.

WAF

Defines which web application firewall (WAF) implementation should be used to validate requests. Currently the only supported value is modsecurity. See also modsecurity-endpoints configmap option.

This annotation has no effect if the target web application firewall isn't configured.

ConfigMap

If using ConfigMap to configure HAProxy Ingress, use --configmap=<namespace>/<configmap-name> argument on HAProxy Ingress deployment. A ConfigMap can be created with kubectl create configmap.

The following parameters are supported:

• [0] only in canary tag
• [1] only in snapshot tag

	Name	Type	Default
	backend-check-interval	time with suffix	2s
	backend-server-slots-increment	number of slots	32
	balance-algorithm	algorithm name	roundrobin
[0]	bind-ip-addr-healthz	IP address	*
[0]	bind-ip-addr-http	IP address	*
[0]	bind-ip-addr-stats	IP address	*
[0]	bind-ip-addr-tcp	IP address	*
[1]	config-frontend	multiline HAProxy frontend config
[0]	cookie-key	secret key	Ingress
[1]	dns-accepted-payload-size	number	8192
[1]	dns-cluster-domain	cluster name	cluster.local
[1]	dns-hold-obsolete	time with suffix	0s
[1]	dns-hold-valid	time with suffix	1s
[1]	dns-resolvers	multiline resolver=ip[:port]	``
[1]	dns-timeout-retry	time with suffix	1s
[0]	drain-support	[true|false]	false
	dynamic-scaling	[true|false]	false
	forwardfor	[add|ignore|ifmissing]	add
	healthz-port	port number	10253
	hsts	[true|false]	true
	hsts-include-subdomains	[true|false]	false
	hsts-max-age	number of seconds	15768000
	hsts-preload	[true|false]	false
	http-log-format	http log format	HAProxy default log format
[1]	http-port	port number	80
	https-log-format	https(tcp) log format|default	do not log
[1]	https-port	port number	443
	https-to-http-port	port number	0 (do not listen)
	load-server-state (experimental)	[true|false]	false
	max-connections	number	2000
[1]	modsecurity-endpoints	comma-separated list of IP:port (spoa)	no waf config
[1]	nbproc-ssl	number of process	0
[1]	nbthread	number of threads	1
[0]	no-tls-redirect-locations	comma-separated list of url	/.well-known/acme-challenge
	proxy-body-size	number of bytes	unlimited
	ssl-ciphers	colon-separated list	link to code
	ssl-dh-default-max-size	number	1024
	ssl-dh-param	namespace/secret name	no custom DH param
	ssl-headers-prefix	prefix	X-SSL
	ssl-options	space-separated list	no-sslv3 no-tls-tickets
	ssl-redirect	[true|false]	true
	stats-auth	user:passwd	no auth
	stats-port	port number	1936
	stats-proxy-protocol	[true|false]	false
[1]	stats-ssl-cert	namespace/secret name	no ssl/plain http
[1]	strict-host	[true|false]	true
	syslog-endpoint	IP:port (udp)	do not log
	tcp-log-format	tcp log format	HAProxy default log format
	timeout-client-fin	time with suffix	50s
	timeout-client	time with suffix	50s
	timeout-connect	time with suffix	5s
	timeout-http-request	time with suffix	5s
	timeout-keep-alive	time with suffix	1m
	timeout-queue	time with suffix	5s
	timeout-server-fin	time with suffix	50s
	timeout-server	time with suffix	50s
[0]	timeout-stop	time with suffix	no timeout
	timeout-tunnel	time with suffix	1h
	use-host-on-https	[true|false]	false
	use-proxy-protocol	[true|false]	false

balance-algorithm

Define a load balancing algorithm. Use a configmap option to define a default value, and an ingress annotation to define a per backend configuration.

Global configmap option:

• balance-algorithm: algorithm name, default value is roundrobin

Annotation on ingress resources:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/balance-algorithm

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-balance

backend-check-interval

Define the interval between TCP health checks to the backend using inter option.

Default value is 2s - two seconds between two consecutive checks. Configure an empty string to disable health checks.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-inter

bind-ip-addr

Define listening IPv4/IPv6 address on several HAProxy frontends. All IP addresses defaults to IPv4 * if not declared.

bind-ip-addr-tcp: IP address of all TCP services declared on tcp-services configmap option. bind-ip-addr-http: IP address of all HTTP/s frontends, port :80 and :443, and also https-to-http-port if declared. bind-ip-addr-healthz: IP address of the health check URL. See also healthz-port. bind-ip-addr-stats: IP address of the statistics page. See also stats-port.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-bind

Configuration snippet

Add HAProxy configuration snippet to the configuration file. Use multiline content to add more than one line of configuration.

Examples - configmap:

    config-frontend: |
      capture request header X-User-Id len 32

Ingress annotation:

    annotations:
      ingress.kubernetes.io/config-backend: |
        acl bar-url path /bar
        http-request deny if bar-url

Global configmap option:

• config-frontend: Add configuration snippet to all frontend sections.

Annotation option:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/config-backend: Add configuration snippet to the HAProxy backend section.

cookie-key

Define a secret key used with the IP address and port number of a backend server to dynamically create a cookie to that server. Only useful on cookie based server affinity. See also affinity annotations.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#dynamic-cookie-key

dns-resolvers

Configure dynamic backend server update using DNS service discovery.

Global configmap options:

• dns-resolvers: Multiline list of DNS resolvers in resolvername=ip:port format
• dns-accepted-payload-size: Maximum payload size announced to the name servers
• dns-timeout-retry: Time between two consecutive queries when no valid response was received, defaults to 1s
• dns-hold-valid: Time a resolution is considered valid. Keep in sync with DNS cache timeout. Defaults to 1s
• dns-hold-obsolete: Time to keep valid a missing IP from a new DNS query, defaults to 0s
• dns-cluster-domain: K8s cluster domain, defaults to cluster.local

Annotations on ingress resources:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/use-resolver: Name of the resolver that the backend should use

Important advices!

• Use resolver with headless services, see k8s doc, otherwise HAProxy will reference the service IP instead of the endpoints.
• Beware of DNS cache, eg kube-dns has --max-ttl and --max-cache-ttl to change its default cache of 30s.

See also the example page.

Reference:

• https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.3.2
• https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.2-resolvers
• https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/
• https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services

dynamic-scaling

The dynamic-scaling option defines if backend updates should be made starting a new HAProxy instance that will read the new config file (false), or updating the running HAProxy via a Unix socket (true). Despite the configuration, the config file will stay in sync with in memory config.

If true HAProxy Ingress will create at least backend-server-slots-increment servers on each backend and update them via a Unix socket without reloading HAProxy. Unused servers will stay in a disabled state.

Starting on v0.6, dynamic-scaling config will only force a reloading of HAProxy if the number of servers on a backend need to be increased. Before v0.6 a reload will also happen when the number of servers could be reduced.

Global configmap options:

• dynamic-scaling: Define if dynamic scaling should be used whenever possible
• backend-server-slots-increment: Configures the minimum number of servers, the size of the increment when growing and the size of the decrement when shrinking of each HAProxy backend

Annotations on ingress resources:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/slots-increment: A per backend slot increment

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/management.html#9.3

forwardfor

Define if X-Forwarded-For header should be added always, added if missing or ignored from incomming requests. Default is add which means HAProxy will itself generate a X-Forwarded-For header with client's IP address and remove this same header from incomming requests.

Use ignore to skip any check. ifmissing should be used to add X-Forwarded-For with client's IP address only if this header is not defined. Only use ignore or ifmissing on trusted networks.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-option%20forwardfor

healthz-port

Define the port number HAProxy should listen to in order to answer for health checking requests. Use /healthz as the request path.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-monitor-uri

hsts

Configure global (configmap) or per host or location (annotation) HSTS - HTTP Strict Transport Security. Annotations has precedence over global configuration.

Global configmap options:

• hsts: true if HSTS response header should be added
• hsts-include-subdomains: true if it should apply to subdomains as well
• hsts-max-age: time in seconds the browser should remember this configuration
• hsts-preload: true if the browser should include the domain to HSTS preload list

Annotations on ingress resources:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts
• ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-include-subdomains
• ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-max-age
• ingress.kubernetes.io/hsts-preload

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security

https-to-http-port

A port number to listen http requests from another load balancer that does the ssl offload.

How it works: HAProxy will define if the request came from a HTTPS connection reading the X-Forwarded-Proto HTTP header or the port number the client used to connect. If the header is https or the port number matches https-to-http-port, HAProxy will behave just like itself did the ssl offload: HSTS header will be provided if configured and no https redirect will be done. There is only one exception: if https-to-http-port is 80, only the header will be checked.

The X-Forwarded-Proto header is optional in the following condition:

• The https-to-http-port should not match HTTP port 80; and
• The load balancer should connect to the same https-to-http-port number, eg cannot have any proxy like Kubernetes' NodePort between the load balancer and HAProxy

load-server-state

Define if HAProxy should save and reload it's current state between server reloads, like uptime of backends, qty of requests and so on.

This is an experimental feature and has currently some issues if using with dynamic-scaling: an old state with disabled servers will disable them in the new configuration.

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-server-state-file
• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-load-server-state-from-file

log-format

Customize the tcp, http or https log format using log format variables. Only used if syslog-endpoint is also configured.

• tcp-log-format: log format of TCP proxies, defaults to HAProxy default TCP log format. See also TCP services configmap command-line option.
• http-log-format: log format of all HTTP proxies, defaults to HAProxy default HTTP log format.
• https-log-format: log format of TCP proxy used to inspect SNI extention. Use default to configure default TCP log format, defaults to not log.

https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#8.2.4

max-connections

Define the maximum number of concurrent connections on all proxies. Defaults to 2000 connections, which is also the HAProxy default configuration.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.2-maxconn

modsecurity-endpoints

Configure a comma-separated list of IP:port of HAProxy agents (SPOA) for ModSecurity. The default configuration expects the contrib/modsecurity implementation from HAProxy source code.

Currently all http requests will be parsed by the ModSecurity agent, even if the ingress resource wasn't configured to deny requests based on ModSecurity response.

See also:

• ingress.kubernetes.io/waf annotation
• example page

Reference:

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#9.3
• https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/SPOE.txt
• https://github.com/jcmoraisjr/modsecurity-spoa

nbproc

Define the number of dedicated HAProxy process to the SSL/TLS handshake and offloading. The default value is 0 (zero) which means HAProxy should process all the SSL/TLS offloading, as well as the header inspection and load balancing within the same HAProxy process.

The recommended value depends on how much CPU a single HAProxy process is spending. Use 0 (zero) if the amount of processing has low CPU usage. This will avoid a more complex topology and an inter-process communication. Use the number of cores of a dedicated host minus 1 (one) to distribute the SSL/TLS offloading process. Leave one core dedicated to header inspection and load balancing.

If splitting HAProxy into two or more process and the number of threads is one, cpu-map is used to bind each process on its own CPU core.

See also nbthread.

• nbproc-ssl: number of dedicated process to SSL/TLS offloading

Referece:

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-nbproc
• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#4-bind-process
• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-cpu-map

nbthread

Define the number of threads a single HAProxy process should use to all its processing. If using with nbproc, every single HAProxy process will share this same configuration.

If using two or more threads on a single HAProxy process, cpu-map is used to bind each thread on its own CPU core.

Note that multithreaded process is a HAProxy experimental feature!

Reference:

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-nbthread
• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-cpu-map

no-tls-redirect-locations

Define a comma-separated list of URLs that should be removed from the TLS redirect. Requests to :80 http port and starting with one of the URLs from the list will not be redirected to https despite of the TLS redirect configuration.

This option defaults to /.well-known/acme-challenge, used by ACME protocol.

proxy-body-size

Define the maximum number of bytes HAProxy will allow on the body of requests. Default is to not check, which means requests of unlimited size. This limit can be changed per ingress resource.

Since 0.4 a suffix can be added to the size, so 10m means 10 * 1024 * 1024 bytes. Supported suffix are: k, m and g.

Since 0.7 unlimited can be used to overwrite any global body size limit.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#7.3.6-req.body_size

ssl-ciphers

Set the list of cipher algorithms used during the SSL/TLS handshake.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-ssl-default-bind-ciphers

ssl-dh-default-max-size

Define the maximum size of a temporary DH parameters used for key exchange. Only used if ssl-dh-param isn't provided.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#tune.ssl.default-dh-param

ssl-dh-param

Define DH parameters file used on ephemeral Diffie-Hellman key exchange during the SSL/TLS handshake.

When stored locally, the DH secret may look like:

-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MIICCAKCAgEAg9dDI+Z1dk7A0ctnFqPuS2cq8lIQLc36nvaLE5zcbI5IfiyxmxNh
...
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----

To create your secret you can define the secret with a template and a base64 encoded copy of the DH parameter, or you can generate the secret with:

kubectl create secret generic ingress-dh-param --from-file dhparam.pem

Then, in the haproxy ingress configuration, ssl-dh-param should reference the resulting secret.

http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-ssl-dh-param-file

ssl-headers-prefix

Define the http header prefix that should be used with certificate parameters such as DN and SHA1 on client cert authentication. The default value is X-SSL which will create a X-SSL-Client-DN header with the DN of the certificate.

Since RFC 6648 X- prefix on unstandardized headers changed from a convention to deprecation. This configuration allows to select which pattern should be used on SSL/TLS headers.

ssl-options

Define a space-separated list of options on SSL/TLS connections:

• force-sslv3: Enforces use of SSLv3 only
• force-tlsv10: Enforces use of TLSv1.0 only
• force-tlsv11: Enforces use of TLSv1.1 only
• force-tlsv12: Enforces use of TLSv1.2 only
• no-sslv3: Disables support for SSLv3
• no-tls-tickets: Enforces the use of stateful session resumption
• no-tlsv10: Disables support for TLSv1.0
• no-tlsv11: Disables support for TLSv1.1
• no-tlsv12: Disables support for TLSv1.2

ssl-redirect

A global configuration of SSL redirect used as default value if ingress resource doesn't use ssl-redirect annotation. If true HAProxy Ingress sends a 302 redirect to https if TLS is configured.

stats

Configurations of the HAProxy statistics page:

• stats-auth: Enable basic authentication with clear-text password - <user>:<passwd>
• stats-port: Change the port HAProxy should listen to requests
• stats-proxy-protocol: Define if the stats endpoint should enforce the PROXY protocol
• stats-ssl-cert: Optional namespace/secret-name of tls.crt and tls.key pair used to enable SSL on stats page. Plain http will be used if not provided, the secret wasn't found or the secret doesn't have a crt/key pair.

strict-host

Defines whether the path of another matching host/FQDN should be used to try to serve a request. The default value is true, which means a strict configuration and the default-backend should be used if a path couldn't be matched. If false, all matching wildcard hosts will be visited in order to try to match the path.

Using the following configuration:

  spec:
    rules:
    - host: my.domain.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /a
          backend:
            serviceName: svc1
            servicePort: 8080
    - host: *.domain.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            serviceName: svc2
            servicePort: 8080

A request to my.domain.com/b would serve:

• default-backend if strict-host is true, the default value
• svc2 if strict-host is false

syslog-endpoint

Configure the UDP syslog endpoint where HAProxy should send access logs.

timeout

Define timeout configurations:

• timeout-client: Maximum inactivity time on the client side
• timeout-client-fin: Maximum inactivity time on the client side for half-closed connections - FIN_WAIT state
• timeout-connect: Maximum time to wait for a connection to a backend
• timeout-http-request: Maximum time to wait for a complete HTTP request
• timeout-keep-alive: Maximum time to wait for a new HTTP request on keep-alive connections
• timeout-queue: Maximum time a connection should wait on a server queue before return a 503 error to the client
• timeout-server: Maximum inactivity time on the backend side
• timeout-server-fin: Maximum inactivity time on the backend side for half-closed connections - FIN_WAIT state
• timeout-stop: Maximum time to wait for long lived connections to finish, eg websocket, before hard-stop a HAProxy process due to a reload
• timeout-tunnel: Maximum inactivity time on the client and backend side for tunnels

Reference:

• timeout-stop - http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#3.1-hard-stop-after

use-host-on-https

On TLS connections HAProxy will choose the backend based on the TLS's SNI extension. If SNI wasn't provided or the hostname provided wasn't found, the default behavior is to use the default backend. The default TLS certificate is used.

If use-host-on-https confimap option is declared as true, HAProxy will use the Host header provided in the request. In this case the default backend will only be used if the hostname provided by the Host header wasn't found. Note that the TLS handshake is finished before HAProxy is aware of the hostname, because of that only the default X509 certificate can be used.

use-proxy-protocol

Define if HAProxy is behind another proxy that use the PROXY protocol. If true, ports 80 and 443 will enforce the PROXY protocol.

The stats endpoint (defaults to port 1936) has it's own stats-proxy-protocol configuration.

• http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/1.8/configuration.html#5.1-accept-proxy
• http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt

drain-support

Set to true if you wish to use HAProxy's drain support for pods that are NotReady (e.g., failing a k8s readiness check) or are in the process of terminating. This option only makes sense with cookie affinity configured as it allows persistent traffic to be directed to pods that are in a not ready or terminating state.

Command-line

The following command-line arguments are supported:

• [0] only in canary tag
• [1] only in snapshot tag

	Name	Type	Default
	allow-cross-namespace	[true|false]	false
	default-backend-service	namespace/servicename	(mandatory)
	default-ssl-certificate	namespace/secretname	(mandatory)
	ingress-class	name	haproxy
	kubeconfig	/path/to/kubeconfig	in cluster config
[0]	max-old-config-files	num of files	0
	publish-service	namespace/servicename	``
	rate-limit-update	uploads per second (float)	0.5
	reload-strategy	[native|reusesocket]	native
	sort-backends	[true|false]	false
	tcp-services-configmap	namespace/configmapname	no tcp svc
	verify-hostname	[true|false]	true
[1]	watch-namespace	namespace	all namespaces

allow-cross-namespace

--allow-cross-namespace argument, if added, will allow reading secrets from one namespace to an ingress resource of another namespace. The default behavior is to deny such cross namespace reading. This adds a breaking change from v0.4 to v0.5 on ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-secret annotation, where cross namespace reading were allowed without any configuration.

default-backend-service

Defines the namespace/servicename that should be used if the incomming request doesn't match any hostname, or the requested path doesn't match any location within the desired hostname.

This is a mandatory argument used in the deployment example page.

default-ssl-certificate

Defines the namespace/secretname of the default certificate that should be used if ingress resources using TLS configuration doesn't provide it's own certificate.

This is a mandatory argument used in the deployment and TLS termination example pages.

ingress-class

More than one ingress controller is supported per Kubernetes cluster. The --ingress-class argument allow to override the class name of ingress resources that this instance of the controller should listen to. Class names that match will be used in the HAProxy configuration. Other classes will be ignored.

The ingress resource must use the kubernetes.io/ingress.class annotation to name it's ingress class.

kubeconfig

Ingress controller will try to connect to the Kubernetes master using environment variables and a service account. This behavior can be changed using --kubeconfig argument that reference a kubeconfig file with master endpoint and credentials. This is a mandatory argument if the controller is deployed outside of the Kubernetes cluster.

max-old-config-files

Everytime a configuration change need to update HAProxy, a configuration file is rewritten even if dynamic update is used. By default the same file is recreated and the old configuration is lost. Use --max-old-config-files to configure after how much files Ingress controller should start to remove old configuration files. If 0, the default value, a single haproxy.cfg is used.

publish-service

Some infrastructure tools like external-DNS relay in the ingress status to created access routes to the services exposed with ingress object.

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
...
status:
  loadBalancer:
    ingress:
    - hostname: <ingressControllerLoadbalancerFQDN>

Use --publish-service=namespace/servicename to indicate the services fronting the ingress controller. The controller mirrors the address of this service's endpoints to the load-balancer status of all Ingress objects it satisfies.

rate-limit-update

Use --rate-limit-update to change how much time to wait between HAProxy reloads. Note that the first update is always immediate, the delay will only prevent two or more updates in the same time frame. Moreover reloads will only occur if the cluster configuration has changed, otherwise no reload will occur despite of the rate limit configuration.

This argument receives the allowed reloads per second. The default value is 0.5 which means no more than one reload will occur within 2 seconds. The lower limit is 0.05 which means one reload within 20 seconds. The highest one is 10 which will allow ingress controller to reload HAProxy up to 10 times per second.

reload-strategy

The --reload-strategy command-line argument is used to select which reload strategy HAProxy should use. The following options are available:

• native: Uses native HAProxy reload option -sf. This is the default option.
• reusesocket: (starting on v0.6) Uses HAProxy -x command-line option to pass the listening sockets between old and new HAProxy process, allowing hitless reloads.
• multibinder: (deprecated on v0.6) Uses GitHub's multibinder. This link describes how it works.

sort-backends

Ingress will randomly shuffle backends and server endpoints on each reload in order to avoid requesting always the same backends just after reloads, depending on the balancing algorithm. Use --sort-backends to avoid this behavior and always declare backends and upstream servers in the same order.

tcp-services-configmap

Configure --tcp-services-configmap argument with namespace/configmapname resource with TCP services and ports that HAProxy should listen to. Use the HAProxy's port number as the key of the configmap.

The value of the configmap entry is a colon separated list of the following items:

1. <namespace>/<service-name>, mandatory, is the well known notation of the service that will receive incomming connections.
2. <portnumber>, mandatory, is the port number the upstream service is listening - this is not related to the listening port of HAProxy.
3. <in-proxy>, optional, should be defined as PROXY if HAProxy should expect requests using the PROXY protocol. Leave empty to not use PROXY protocol. This is usually used only if there is another load balancer in front of HAProxy which supports the PROXY protocol. PROXY protocol v1 and v2 are supported.
4. <out-proxy>, optional, should be defined as PROXY or PROXY-V2 if the upstream service expect connections using the PROXY protocol v2. Use PROXY-V1 instead if the upstream service only support v1 protocol. Leave empty to connect without using the PROXY protocol.
5. <namespace/secret-name>, optional, used to configure SSL/TLS over the TCP connection. Secret should have tls.crt and tls.key pair used on TLS handshake. Leave empty to not use ssl-offload.

Optional fields should be skipped using two consecutive colons.

In the example below:

...
data:
  "5432": "default/pgsql:5432"
  "8000": "system-prod/http:8000::PROXY-V1"
  "9900": "system-prod/admin:9900:PROXY::system-prod/tcp-9900"
  "9990": "system-prod/admin:9999::PROXY-V2"
  "9999": "system-prod/admin:9999:PROXY:PROXY"

HAProxy will listen 5 new ports:

• 5432 will proxy to a pgsql service on default namespace.
• 8000 will proxy to http service, port 8000, on the system-prod namespace. The upstream service will expect connections using the PROXY protocol but it only supports v1.
• 9900 will proxy to admin service, port 9900, on the system-prod namespace. Clients should connect using the PROXY protocol v1 or v2. Upcoming connections should be encrypted, HAProxy will ssl-offload data using crt/key provided by system-prod/tcp-9900 secret.
• 9990 and 9999 will proxy to the same admin service and 9999 port and the upstream service will expect connections using the PROXY protocol v2. The HAProxy frontend, however, will only expect PROXY protocol v1 or v2 on it's port 9999.

verify-hostname

Ingress resources has spec/tls[]/secretName attribute to override the default X509 certificate. As a default behavior the certificates are validated against the hostname in order to match the SAN extension or CN (CN only up to v0.4). Invalid certificates, ie certificates which doesn't match the hostname are discarded and a warning is logged into the ingress controller logging.

Use --verify-hostname=false argument to bypass this validation. If used, HAProxy will provide the certificate declared in the secretName ignoring if the certificate is or is not valid.

watch-namespace

By default the proxy will be configured using all namespaces from the Kubernetes cluster. Use --watch-namespace with the name of a namespace to watch and build the configuration of a single namespace.