Modernize types with ruff check --select=FA,UP

[cclauss]

Fixes #246

• Upgrade ruff? #246

https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#flake8-future-annotations-fa
Steps:

1. Modify pyproject.toml to use the new ruff config settings and allow FA,UP fixes
2. Run ruff check --select=FA to see which files would benefit from from __future__ import annotations
3. Run ruff check --select=FA,UP --fix --unsafe-fixes

Found 470 errors (470 fixed, 0 remaining).

[cclauss]

This is probably too far from the current codebase. Please don't hesitate to close this if it is too early. These kinds of PRs are relatively easy to regenerate when the project is ready for it.