- Kotlin is a new programming language, developed by JetBrains. Jetbrains is a popular software development company which has developed various popular software like Android Studio, IntelliJ Idea, Pycharm, etc.
- Kotlin started out as a modern replacement of Java, which was created during 1990s and a lot of the learnings has been incorporated since then and lot of features and additional functionality which Java lacked was added to kotlin.
- Kotlin is a general-purpose programming language that can be used -
- To target JVM (Kotlin's code can be compiled to Java ByteCode - which can run on any JVM where Java runs)
- Android Apps (Android is now Kotlin First)
- Native Apps like macOS or Linux Apps can be created using Kotlin
- JavaScript - You can transpile Kotlin code to JavaScript as well
- Overall Kotlin is a powerful language that can be used to target multiple platforms and multiple environments.
- In 2011, Jetbrains announced the development of Kotlin.
- It was made open source in 2012, so that other developers can contribute. It is the language for the developers, by the developers.
- Kotlin 1.0 - was made live in 2016. (Signifying that it has gone through a lot of changes in that process)
- After Google IO 2017, Kotlin started trending in the developer community. Most people from the Android community rapidly shifted towards Kotlin as Android provided first-class support for Kotlin.
- 2019, Android became Kotlin First i.e. Primary Language to develop Android apps.
- Statically Typed Language and Completely Interoperable with JAVA - Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on JVM and is completely interoperable with the Java programming language. You can use Kotlin along with the Java programming language in your applications without needing to migrate all your code to Kotlin.
- Object-Oriented Language - Kotlin is Object-Oriented Language - you can write classes, have objects. The Four key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming - Abstraction, Inheritance, Encapsulation, and Polymorphism are fully supported in Kotlin. Some of the implementation details of these features have improved from the Java world.
- Functional Language - Kotlin is a functional language. Concepts like Lambda functions, Higher-Order Function, First-class functions are supported in Kotlin as well.
- Safe Language, Concise, Powerful
- Safe - Kotlin improves the quality of your released apps through “safety” features that have been designed to reduce the number of bugs and system failures. For example, it has a strong type system based on null safety. This means by default, variables can’t be null, so you can catch more errors at compile time before shipping to users. This is useful. Null references were famously called a “billion-dollar mistake” by their inventor, Tony Hoare.
- Concise and Powerful - Less code combined with greater readability. Kotlin keeps things brief by adding powerful, concise abstractions that don’t affect the readability of the code you create. Less verbose and more powerful.
- Open Source - You can look into the source code of the language and appreciate the beauty of this powerful programming language. You can contribute to this project which can be found at this URL
- There are two methods to run kotlin:
- Install - Java(JDK 8) & Intelli J Idea.
- You can run your Kotlin code directly from the browser itself, using Kotlin playground.
- Kotlin is a JVM Language. Kotlin code compiles down to bytecode which then runs on JVM. So we need JVM. Along with that, we need few Java Libraries which are present in JDK to run the Kotlin program.
- JVM is a Java Virtual Machine. Once you compile your Kotlin code, it gets converted to .class files i.e. bytecode. This bytecode runs on JVM. Due to this mechanism of generating bytecode, Kotlin and Java code can run on different environments. We just need a JVM for that particular environment. For instance,
JDK is JVM + other libraries + some development tools
Starting from the most basic topics about Kotlin, to learning advanced topics and creating an interactive project by sharing the information I have learned with you.
It is a project that contains various information and examples about the basics of programming with Kotlin.
- Overview
- Basics
- Control Flow
- Array & String
- Functions
- Collections
- OOPs Concept
- Exception Handling
- Null Safety
- Regex & Ranges
- Java Interoperability
- Miscellaneous
- https://kotlinlang.org/docs/kotlin-docs.pdf
- https://www.cheezycode.com/
- https://play.kotlinlang.org/byExample/overview
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