Rust Fundamentals

Rust is a Static and Strong programing language.

How programing languages are:

Data types

• Static - We know all of the data types at compile time
• Dynamic - We only know the data types at run time

Enforcements

• Strong - Enforces rules on data type assignments
• Weak - Has Few or no enforcement on data type assignments

Compilation

• Compiled, used to be faster
• Interpreted, slower since bit code in generated on each execution. More portable since they are "compiled" at run time

Memory

• Stack - pila, last in last out, when stack overflow happens, to many data -> we use the heap
• Heap - has a pointer pointing to the data in memory

Rust Key concepts

• Most of the variables cannot change their value, you can handle this creating mutable variables, but they are not the default one.
• Ownership and Burrowing, Core rust memory management
• Associated methods, method associated to a data structure
• Crates, modules
• Macros, (!) primitive functions

Rust Toolchain

Toolchain components:

• Rust Compilet
• Cargo (package manager)

Rustup, a toolchain management utility

Bynary command

> rustc

Sections:

• Data Types
• Variables

Section: Data Types

Scalar, holds a single value

Primitives

• Integers
• (u)unsiged 0 - 255
• (i)signed -128 127
• isize, usize - related to the CPU architecture
• floating points - singed

Bolean

• True / False

Characters

• A, B, C (ASCII)

Rush uses 4 Bytes, 4.294.967.296, characters in Unicode-32 table, basically support everything

Compound, holds multiple values in a single variable

Array

• Multiples values of a single data types

Tuple

• Multiples values of different data types

Array and Tuples has a FIXED size

Strings

We have two alternatives:

String, notice the capital S

• mutable
• u8 data vector
• stored on the heap

&str (hardcoded string)

• Immutable
• u8 data vector
• stored on the heap/stack or compiled code

Section: Variables