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authors: | ||
mpusz: | ||
name: Mateusz Pusz | ||
description: Creator | ||
avatar: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/506260 | ||
url: https://github.com/mpusz |
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# Blog |
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--- | ||
date: 2023-09-24 | ||
authors: | ||
- mpusz | ||
categories: | ||
- Releases | ||
--- | ||
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# What's new in mp-units 2.0? | ||
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**After a year of hard work, we've just released mp-units 2.0.0. It can be obtained from | ||
[GitHub](https://github.com/mpusz/mp-units/releases/tag/v2.0.0) and | ||
[Conan](https://conan.io/center/recipes/mp-units?version=2.0.0).** | ||
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In this post, we will describe all the changes introduced by the new version. | ||
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<!-- more --> | ||
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## Why 2.0 if 1.0 was never released? | ||
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Version 2 of the **mp-units** project is a huge change and a new quality for the users. | ||
We did not want to pretend that 2.0 is an evolutionary upgrade of the previous version of the | ||
project. It feels like a different product. | ||
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We could start a new repo named "mp-units-v2" similarly to [range-v3](https://github.com/ericniebler/range-v3) | ||
but we decided not to go this path. We kept the same repo and made the scope of the changes and | ||
potential breakage explicit with a drastic bump in the project version. | ||
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## What has changed? | ||
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The answer is "nearly everything". The whole library and its documentation were rewritten nearly | ||
from scratch. | ||
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Here are the significant changes that the users can observe: | ||
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- **Repository name** | ||
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If you didn't notice, the repository name was changed from "mpusz/units" to "mpusz/mp-units". | ||
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- **Header files content and layout** | ||
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Previously, all the header files resided in the _include/units_ directory, and now they can be | ||
found in _include/mp-units_. The project file tree was significantly changed as well. Many | ||
files were moved to different subdirectories or renamed. | ||
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- **Namespace** | ||
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Previously, all the definitions were provided in the `units` namespace, and now they are in the | ||
`mp_units` one. | ||
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- **Abstractions, interfaces, definitions** | ||
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The interfaces of all of the types were refactored, and we have a new way to construct a `quantity` | ||
and `quantity_point`, we got unit symbols, and nearly all of the template arguments are now passed | ||
by values thanks to class NTTP extensions in C++20. Also, systems definitions are much terser now | ||
thanks to a new design approach. | ||
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*[NTTP]: Non-Type Template Parameter | ||
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- **Conan 2.0** | ||
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Also, now we support Conan 2.0, which provides an updated way of handling dependencies. | ||
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## What is gone? | ||
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Some cornerstones of the initial design did not prove in practice and were removed while | ||
we moved to version 2. | ||
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### The downcasting facility | ||
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The first and the most important of such features was removing the downcasting facility. | ||
This feature is still a powerful metaprogramming technique that allows users to map long class template | ||
instantiations to nicely named, short, and easy-to-understand user's strong types. | ||
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Such mapping works perfectly fine for 1-to-1 relationships. However, we often deal with N-to-1 connections in the quantities and units domain. Here are only a few such examples: | ||
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- _work_ and _torque_ have the same dimension $L^2MT^{-2}$, | ||
- becquerel and hertz have the same definition of $s^{-1}$, | ||
- litre and cubic decimetre have the same factor. | ||
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In the above examples, multiple entities "wanted" to register different names for identical class | ||
template instantiations, resulting in compile-time errors. We had to invent some hacks and | ||
workarounds to make it work, but we were never satisfied with the outcome. | ||
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Additionally, this facility could easily lead to ODR violations or provide different results | ||
depending on which header files were included in the translation units. This was too vulnerable | ||
to be considered a good practice here. | ||
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*[ODR]: One Definition Rule | ||
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### No UDLs anymore | ||
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Over the years, we have learned that UDLs are not a good solution either. More information on this | ||
subject can be found in the | ||
[Why don't we use UDLs to create quantities?](../../getting_started/faq.md#why-dont-we-use-udls-to-create-quantities) | ||
chapter. | ||
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*[UDL]: User-Defined Literals | ||
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## New look and feel | ||
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Here is a concise example showing you the new look and feel of the library: | ||
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```cpp | ||
#include <mp-units/format.h> | ||
#include <mp-units/systems/isq/isq.h> | ||
#include <mp-units/systems/si/si.h> | ||
#include <format> | ||
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using namespace mp_units; | ||
using namespace mp_units::si::unit_symbols; | ||
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quantity<isq::speed[m / s]> avg_speed(quantity<si::metre> d, | ||
quantity<si::second> t) | ||
{ return d / t; } | ||
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int main() | ||
{ | ||
auto speed = avg_speed(220 * km, 2 * h); | ||
std::println("{}", speed); // 30.5556 m/s | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
All of the changes we provided, although breaking ones, resulted in much better, | ||
easier, and safer abstractions. These offer a new quantity on the market and hopefully will be | ||
appreciated by our users. | ||
Please check our new documentation to learn about the latest version of the project and find out | ||
how to benefit from all the new cool stuff we have here. |
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pre-commit | ||
identify | ||
mkdocs-material | ||
mkdocs-rss-plugin | ||
mike |