we aim to co-optimize the platooning and charging strategies of EFVs. To achieve this goal, we developed a mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the total system costs, including en-route charging cost, delivery delay cost, and hub charging cost.
Publication: Alam, M. R., & Guo, Z. (2023). Co-optimization of charging scheduling and platooning for long-haul electric freight vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 147, 104009.