[js/web] Update API for ort.env.webgpu

[fs-eire]

Description

This PR is a replacement of #21671. It offers a new way for accessing the following:

• ort.env.webgpu.adapter:
  • deprecating. There is no point to get the value of it. Once GPUDevice.adapterInfo is supported, there is no point to set the value too.
• ort.env.webgpu.device:
  • set value of GPUDevice if user created it. Use at user's own risk.
  • get value of Promise<GPUDevice>. if not exist, create a new one. if exist return it.
• ort.env.webgpu.powerPreference:
  • deprecating. encouraging users to set ort.env.webgpu.device if necessary.
• ort.env.webgpu.forceFallbackAdapter:
  • deprecating. encouraging users to set ort.env.webgpu.device if necessary.

[fs-eire]

@gyagp

[gyagp]

Thanks for the change, and the interface looks very clean now.
Please also change the way to get the adapterInfo when device is created externally.

[xenova]

Very useful! Could you put out a dev build for onnxruntime-common to include this? 😇 thanks!