Remove `no_dead_strip` marks #3116

Job	Run time
Check formatting	18s
Lint macOS x86_64	2m 31s
Check MSRV	48s
Lint iOS ARMv7s	2m 18s
Lint visionOS Aarch64 simulator	2m 29s
Lint GNUStep + exceptions	1m 26s
Lint header-translator	27s
Lint test-assembly	38s
Test macOS 15 Aarch64	1m 22s
Assembly tests	50s
Verify header translator output	51s
Check framework features	0s
${{ ((matrix.test && 'Test') \|\| 'Build') }} ${{ matrix.name }}	0s
Test Compiler-RT	28s
Compiler UI	42s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v1.9	1m 14s
Test on iOS simulator w. dinghy	0s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v2.0	1m 18s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v2.1 on nightly	55s
Test GNUStep 32bit	1m 22s
	19m 57s

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