WebVM

This repository hosts the source code for https://webvm.io, a Linux virtual machine that runs in your browser.

WebVM is a server-less virtual environment running fully client-side in HTML5/WebAssembly. It's designed to be Linux ABI-compatible. It runs an unmodified Debian distribution including many native development toolchains.

WebVM is powered by the CheerpX virtualization engine, and enables safe, sandboxed client-side execution of x86 binaries on any browser. CheerpX includes an x86-to-WebAssembly JIT compiler, a virtual block-based file system, and a Linux syscall emulator.

Enable networking

Modern browsers do not provide APIs to directly use TCP or UDP. WebVM provides networking support by integrating with Tailscale, a VPN network that supports WebSockets as a transport layer.

• Open the "Networking" panel from the side-bar
• Click "Connect to Tailscale" from the panel
• Log in to Tailscale (create an account if you don't have one)
• Click "Connect" when prompted by Tailscale
• If you are unfamiliar with Tailscale or would like additional information see WebVM and Tailscale.

Fork, deploy, customize

• Fork the repository.
• Enable Github pages in settings.
  • Click on Settings.
  • Go to the Pages section.
  • Select Github Actions as the source.
    • If you are using a custom domain, ensure Enforce HTTPS is enabled.
• Run the workflow.
  • Click on Actions.
  • Accept the prompt. This is required only once to enable Actions for your fork.
  • Click on the workflow named Deploy.
  • Click Run workflow and then once more Run workflow in the menu.
• After a few seconds a new Deploy workflow will start, click on it to see details.
• After the workflow completes, which takes a few minutes, it will show the URL below the deploy_to_github_pages job.

You can now customize dockerfiles/debian_mini to suits your needs, or make a new Dockerfile from scratch. Use the Path to Dockerfile workflow parameter to select it.

Local deployment

From a local git clone

• Download the debian_mini Ext2 image from https://github.com/leaningtech/webvm/releases/
  • You can also build your own by selecting the "Upload GitHub release" workflow option
  • Place the image in the repository root folder
• Edit config_github_terminal.js
  • Uncomment the default values for CMD, ARGS, ENV and CWD
  • Replace IMAGE_URL with the URL (absolute or relative) for the Ext2 image. For example "/debian_mini_20230519_5022088024.ext2"
• Build WebVM using npm, output will be placed in the build directory
  • npm install
  • npm run build
• Start NGINX, it automatically points to the build directory just created
  • nginx -p . -c nginx.conf
• Visit http://127.0.0.1:8081 and enjoy your local WebVM

Example customization: Python3 REPL

The Deploy workflow takes into account the CMD specified in the Dockerfile. To build a REPL you can simply apply this patch and deploy.

diff --git a/dockerfiles/debian_mini b/dockerfiles/debian_mini
index 2878332..1f3103a 100644
--- a/dockerfiles/debian_mini
+++ b/dockerfiles/debian_mini
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ WORKDIR /home/user/
 # We set env, as this gets extracted by Webvm. This is optional.
 ENV HOME="/home/user" TERM="xterm" USER="user" SHELL="/bin/bash" EDITOR="vim" LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LC_ALL="C"
 RUN echo 'root:password' | chpasswd
-CMD [ "/bin/bash" ]
+CMD [ "/usr/bin/python3" ]

Bugs and Issues

Please use Issues to report any bug. Or come to say hello / share your feedback on Discord.

More links

• WebVM: server-less x86 virtual machines in the browser
• WebVM: Linux Virtualization in WebAssembly with Full Networking via Tailscale
• Mini.WebVM: Your own Linux box from Dockerfile, virtualized in the browser via WebAssembly
• Reference GitHub Pages deployment: Mini.WebVM
• Crafting the Impossible: X86 Virtualization in the Browser with WebAssembly Talk at JsNation 2022

Thanks to...

This project depends on:

• CheerpX, made by Leaning Technologies for x86 virtualization and Linux emulation
• xterm.js, https://xtermjs.org/, for providing the Web-based terminal emulator
• Tailscale, for the networking component
• lwIP, for the TCP/IP stack, compiled for the Web via Cheerp

Versioning

WebVM depends on the CheerpX x86-to-WebAssembly virtualization technology, which is included in the project via NPM.

The NPM package is updated on every release.

Every build is immutable, if a specific version works well for you today, it will keep working forever.

License

WebVM is released under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

You are welcome to use, modify, and redistribute the contents of this repository.

The public CheerpX deployment is provided as-is and is free to use for technological exploration, testing and use by individuals. Any other use by organizations, including non-profit, academia and the public sector, requires a license. Downloading a CheerpX build for the purpose of hosting it elsewhere is not permitted without a commercial license.

Read more about CheerpX licensing

If you want to build a product on top of CheerpX/WebVM, please get in touch: [email protected]