build wasm with linux (microsoft#18106)

### Description
Make all build_wasm tasks (NPM packaging and post merge)run on Linux.
Enable web gpu test in npm package pipeline too.


### Motivation and Context
Even on Windows, build_wasm is running in cygwin.
So, it could save a lot of time to run it on Linux.

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/npm-packaging-pipeline.yml

@@ -41,9 +41,14 @@ stages:
   parameters:
     NpmPackagingMode: ${{ variables.NpmPackagingMode }}
     IsReleasePipeline: true
-    PoolName: 'Azure-Pipelines-EO-Windows2022-aiinfra'
+    PoolName: 'onnxruntime-Ubuntu2004-AMD-CPU'
     PackageName: 'onnxruntime-web'
     ExtraBuildArgs: ''
+    UseWebPoolName: true
+    RunWebGpuTestsForDebugBuild: false
+    RunWebGpuTestsForReleaseBuild: true
+    WebGpuPoolName: 'onnxruntime-Win2022-webgpu-A10'
+    WebCpuPoolName: 'Azure-Pipelines-EO-Windows2022-aiinfra'
 
 - template: templates/react-native-ci.yml
   parameters:

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/post-merge-jobs.yml

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ stages:
     parameters:
       NpmPackagingMode: 'dev'
       IsReleasePipeline: true
-      PoolName: 'aiinfra-Win-CPU-2022-web-beta'
+      PoolName: 'onnxruntime-Ubuntu2004-AMD-CPU'
       BuildStaticLib: true
       ExtraBuildArgs: ''
+      UseWebPoolName: true
+      WebCpuPoolName: 'Azure-Pipelines-EO-Windows2022-aiinfra'
 
 # This stage is to test if the combined build works on
 # o Windows ARM64

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/templates/web-ci.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ parameters:
 
 - name: WASMTemplate
   type: string
-  default: win-wasm-ci.yml
+  default: linux-wasm-ci.yml
 # parameter couldn't be compared by string, so add one boolean parameter.
 - name: UseWebPoolName
   type: boolean
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ parameters:
   default: false
 - name: WebGpuPoolName
   type: string
-  default: ''
+  default: 'onnxruntime-Win2022-webgpu-A10'
 - name: WebCpuPoolName
   type: string
-  default: ''
+  default: 'onnxruntime-Win-CPU-2022-web'
 
 - name: ExtraBuildArgs
   displayName: 'Extra build command line arguments'