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Implemented missing q learning func, added util.py
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class Counter(dict): | ||
""" | ||
A counter keeps track of counts for a set of keys. | ||
The counter class is an extension of the standard python | ||
dictionary type. It is specialized to have number values | ||
(integers or floats), and includes a handful of additional | ||
functions to ease the task of counting data. In particular, | ||
all keys are defaulted to have value 0. Using a dictionary: | ||
a = {} | ||
print a['test'] | ||
would give an error, while the Counter class analogue: | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> print a['test'] | ||
0 | ||
returns the default 0 value. Note that to reference a key | ||
that you know is contained in the counter, | ||
you can still use the dictionary syntax: | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> a['test'] = 2 | ||
>>> print a['test'] | ||
2 | ||
This is very useful for counting things without initializing their counts, | ||
see for example: | ||
>>> a['blah'] += 1 | ||
>>> print a['blah'] | ||
1 | ||
The counter also includes additional functionality useful in implementing | ||
the classifiers for this assignment. Two counters can be added, | ||
subtracted or multiplied together. See below for details. They can | ||
also be normalized and their total count and arg max can be extracted. | ||
""" | ||
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||
def __getitem__(self, idx): | ||
self.setdefault(idx, 0) | ||
return dict.__getitem__(self, idx) | ||
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||
def incrementAll(self, keys, count): | ||
""" | ||
Increments all elements of keys by the same count. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> a.incrementAll(['one','two', 'three'], 1) | ||
>>> a['one'] | ||
1 | ||
>>> a['two'] | ||
1 | ||
""" | ||
for key in keys: | ||
self[key] += count | ||
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||
def argMax(self): | ||
""" | ||
Returns the key with the highest value. | ||
""" | ||
if len(list(self.keys())) == 0: | ||
return None | ||
all = list(self.items()) | ||
values = [x[1] for x in all] | ||
maxIndex = values.index(max(values)) | ||
return all[maxIndex][0] | ||
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||
def sortedKeys(self): | ||
""" | ||
Returns a list of keys sorted by their values. Keys | ||
with the highest values will appear first. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> a['first'] = -2 | ||
>>> a['second'] = 4 | ||
>>> a['third'] = 1 | ||
>>> a.sortedKeys() | ||
['second', 'third', 'first'] | ||
""" | ||
sortedItems = list(self.items()) | ||
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||
def compare(x, y): return sign(y[1] - x[1]) | ||
sortedItems.sort(cmp=compare) | ||
return [x[0] for x in sortedItems] | ||
|
||
def totalCount(self): | ||
""" | ||
Returns the sum of counts for all keys. | ||
""" | ||
return sum(self.values()) | ||
|
||
def normalize(self): | ||
""" | ||
Edits the counter such that the total count of all | ||
keys sums to 1. The ratio of counts for all keys | ||
will remain the same. Note that normalizing an empty | ||
Counter will result in an error. | ||
""" | ||
total = float(self.totalCount()) | ||
if total == 0: | ||
return | ||
for key in list(self.keys()): | ||
self[key] = self[key] / total | ||
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||
def divideAll(self, divisor): | ||
""" | ||
Divides all counts by divisor | ||
""" | ||
divisor = float(divisor) | ||
for key in self: | ||
self[key] /= divisor | ||
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def copy(self): | ||
""" | ||
Returns a copy of the counter | ||
""" | ||
return Counter(dict.copy(self)) | ||
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def __mul__(self, y): | ||
""" | ||
Multiplying two counters gives the dot product of their vectors where | ||
each unique label is a vector element. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> b = Counter() | ||
>>> a['first'] = -2 | ||
>>> a['second'] = 4 | ||
>>> b['first'] = 3 | ||
>>> b['second'] = 5 | ||
>>> a['third'] = 1.5 | ||
>>> a['fourth'] = 2.5 | ||
>>> a * b | ||
14 | ||
""" | ||
sum = 0 | ||
x = self | ||
if len(x) > len(y): | ||
x, y = y, x | ||
for key in x: | ||
if key not in y: | ||
continue | ||
sum += x[key] * y[key] | ||
return sum | ||
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||
def __radd__(self, y): | ||
""" | ||
Adding another counter to a counter increments the current counter | ||
by the values stored in the second counter. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> b = Counter() | ||
>>> a['first'] = -2 | ||
>>> a['second'] = 4 | ||
>>> b['first'] = 3 | ||
>>> b['third'] = 1 | ||
>>> a += b | ||
>>> a['first'] | ||
1 | ||
""" | ||
for key, value in list(y.items()): | ||
self[key] += value | ||
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||
def __add__(self, y): | ||
""" | ||
Adding two counters gives a counter with the union of all keys and | ||
counts of the second added to counts of the first. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> b = Counter() | ||
>>> a['first'] = -2 | ||
>>> a['second'] = 4 | ||
>>> b['first'] = 3 | ||
>>> b['third'] = 1 | ||
>>> (a + b)['first'] | ||
1 | ||
""" | ||
addend = Counter() | ||
for key in self: | ||
if key in y: | ||
addend[key] = self[key] + y[key] | ||
else: | ||
addend[key] = self[key] | ||
for key in y: | ||
if key in self: | ||
continue | ||
addend[key] = y[key] | ||
return addend | ||
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||
def __sub__(self, y): | ||
""" | ||
Subtracting a counter from another gives a counter with the union of all keys and | ||
counts of the second subtracted from counts of the first. | ||
>>> a = Counter() | ||
>>> b = Counter() | ||
>>> a['first'] = -2 | ||
>>> a['second'] = 4 | ||
>>> b['first'] = 3 | ||
>>> b['third'] = 1 | ||
>>> (a - b)['first'] | ||
-5 | ||
""" | ||
addend = Counter() | ||
for key in self: | ||
if key in y: | ||
addend[key] = self[key] - y[key] | ||
else: | ||
addend[key] = self[key] | ||
for key in y: | ||
if key in self: | ||
continue | ||
addend[key] = -1 * y[key] | ||
return addend |