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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| // adapted from https://github.com/nk2028/qieyun-examples/blob/main/karlgren.js | ||
| // license: CC0 1.0 Universal https://github.com/nk2028/qieyun-examples/blob/main/LICENSE | ||
|
|
||
| import { QysInitial, getInitialGroup } from "./QysInitial"; | ||
| import { QysTranscriptionProfile } from "./QysTranscriptionProfile"; | ||
| /* 潘悟雲擬音 | ||
| * | ||
| * 兩個版本： | ||
| * | ||
| * - 潘悟雲. 漢語歷史音韻學. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2000. | ||
| * - 潘悟雲, 張洪明. 漢語中古音. 語言研究, 2013, 33 (2): 1–7. | ||
| * | ||
| * @author unt | ||
| */ | ||
|
|
||
| type Options = { | ||
| 版本?: "2000" | "2013"; | ||
| 非前三等介音: "i" | "ɨ"; | ||
| 聲調記號: string; | ||
| 送氣記號?: string[]; | ||
| 支韻?: string[]; | ||
| 虞韻?: string[]; | ||
| }; | ||
|
|
||
| export function transcribe( | ||
| syllable: QysTranscriptionProfile, | ||
| 選項: Options = { | ||
| 版本: "2013", | ||
| 非前三等介音: "ɨ", | ||
| 聲調記號: "五度符號", | ||
| } | ||
| ) { | ||
| const { canonical母, tone聲: 聲, qieyunCycleHead韻: 韻 } = syllable; | ||
| const 母 = canonical母; | ||
|
|
||
| const is2000 = 選項.版本 === "2000"; | ||
|
|
||
| const effectiveOptions: Options & Required<Pick<Options, "支韻" | "虞韻">> = { | ||
| 版本: "2013", | ||
| 送氣記號: ["ʰ"], | ||
| 支韻: is2000 ? ["iɛ", "iᵉ"] : ["iɛ"], | ||
| 虞韻: is2000 ? ["io", "iʊ"] : ["io"], | ||
| ...選項, | ||
| }; | ||
|
|
||
| const 聲母 = get聲母(母, is2000, effectiveOptions); | ||
| const 韻母 = get韻母(syllable, 韻, is2000, effectiveOptions); | ||
| const 聲調 = get聲調(聲, effectiveOptions); | ||
| return 聲母 + 韻母 + 聲調; | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| function get聲母(母: QysInitial, is2000: boolean, 選項: Options) { | ||
| let 聲母 = { | ||
| 幫: "p", | ||
| 滂: "pʰ", | ||
| 並: "b", | ||
| 明: "m", | ||
| 端: "t", | ||
| 透: "tʰ", | ||
| 定: "d", | ||
| 泥: "n", | ||
| 來: "l", | ||
| 知: "ʈ", | ||
| 徹: "ʈʰ", | ||
| 澄: "ɖ", | ||
| 孃: "ɳ", | ||
| 見: "k", | ||
| 溪: "kʰ", | ||
| 羣: "ɡ", | ||
| 疑: "ŋ", | ||
| 影: "ʔ", | ||
| 曉: "h", | ||
| 匣: "ɦ", | ||
| 云: "ɦ", | ||
| 精: "ts", | ||
| 清: "tsʰ", | ||
| 從: "dz", | ||
| 心: "s", | ||
| 邪: "z", | ||
| 莊: "tʂ", | ||
| 初: "tʂʰ", | ||
| 崇: "dʐ", | ||
| 生: "ʂ", | ||
| 俟: "ʐ", | ||
| 章: "tɕ", | ||
| 昌: "tɕʰ", | ||
| 常: "dʑ", | ||
| 書: "ɕ", | ||
| 船: "ʑ", | ||
| 日: "ȵ", | ||
| 以: "j", | ||
| // 生母《漢語歷史音韻學》作“ʃ”，係誤植 | ||
| // 從母《漢語中古音》聲母表作“ʣ”，係排版錯誤，正文作“dz” | ||
| // 俟母《漢語中古音》聲母表未列，此處補上 | ||
| }[母]; | ||
| if (is2000 && 選項.送氣記號) 聲母 = 聲母.replace("ʰ", 選項.送氣記號[0]); | ||
| return 聲母; | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| function get韻母( | ||
| profile: QysTranscriptionProfile, | ||
| 韻母: string, | ||
| is2000: boolean, | ||
| 選項: Options & Required<Pick<Options, "支韻" | "虞韻">> | ||
| ): string { | ||
| const 韻 = profile.qieyunCycleHead韻; | ||
| if (韻 === "凡") | ||
| return get韻母( | ||
| { | ||
| ...profile, | ||
| qieyunCycleHead韻: "嚴", | ||
| }, | ||
| 韻母, | ||
| is2000, | ||
| 選項 | ||
| ); | ||
| const 元音表 = { | ||
| ɪ: " 臻 ", | ||
| i: "脂 侵眞 幽", | ||
| ɨ: "之蒸 欣微尤", | ||
| u: "侯東 文 ", | ||
| e: " 青添先齊蕭", | ||
| ə: " 登覃痕咍 ", | ||
| o: "模冬 魂灰 ", | ||
| ᴇ: "支清鹽仙祭宵", | ||
| ɤ: "魚 元 ", | ||
| ʊ: "虞鍾 ", | ||
| ɛ: "佳耕咸山皆 ", | ||
| a: " 陽嚴 廢 ", | ||
| ɔ: " 江 ", | ||
| æ: "麻庚銜刪夬肴", | ||
| ɑ: "歌唐談寒泰豪", | ||
| }; | ||
| const 韻尾列表 = [""].concat( | ||
| profile.tone聲 !== "入" ? [..."ŋmniu"] : [..."kpt"] | ||
| ); | ||
| let 韻核 = Object.entries(元音表).find(([k, v]) => v.includes(韻母))?.[0]!; | ||
| let 韻尾 = 韻尾列表[元音表[韻核 as keyof typeof 元音表].indexOf(韻母)] || ""; | ||
| let 介音 = ""; | ||
| if ( | ||
| profile.is合口 && | ||
| ![..."mpu"].includes(韻尾) && | ||
| ![..."uoʊɔ"].includes(韻核) | ||
| ) | ||
| 介音 += "ʷ"; | ||
| const initialGroup = getInitialGroup(profile.canonical母); | ||
| if ( | ||
| initialGroup === "幫" && | ||
| ![..."ŋkmpu"].includes(韻尾) && | ||
| [..."ɨəɤaɑ"].includes(韻核) && | ||
| profile.qieyunCycleHead韻 !== "泰" | ||
| ) | ||
| 介音 += is2000 ? "ʷ" : "u̯"; | ||
| if ( | ||
| profile.row等 === "二" || | ||
| profile.qieyunCycleHead韻 === "庚" || | ||
| (profile.is重紐B類 && | ||
| !( | ||
| profile.qieyunCycleHead韻 === "蒸" || profile.qieyunCycleHead韻 === "幽" | ||
| )) | ||
| ) | ||
| 介音 += is2000 ? "ɯ" : "ɣ"; | ||
| if (profile.row等 === "三" && ![..."ɪiɨ"].includes(韻核)) | ||
| 介音 += [..."ᴇæ"].includes(韻核) ? "i" : 選項.非前三等介音; | ||
| if ([..."oʊ"].includes(韻核)) 介音 += is2000 ? (介音 ? "" : "u") : "u̯"; | ||
| // 調整韻核 | ||
| if (is2000) { | ||
| const 韻核鏈移列表 = [..."ᴇɛæaɐ"]; // “鏈移”只是比喻 | ||
| if (韻核鏈移列表.includes(韻核)) | ||
| 韻核 = 韻核鏈移列表[韻核鏈移列表.indexOf(韻核) + 1]; | ||
| 韻核 = | ||
| ( | ||
| { | ||
| 尤: "i", | ||
| 幽: "ɨ", | ||
| 侯: "əu", | ||
| 支: 選項.支韻[1], | ||
| 魚: "ɔ", | ||
| 虞: 選項.虞韻[1], | ||
| 元: "ɐ", | ||
| 鍾: "o", | ||
| } as { [key: string]: string } | ||
| )[韻] ?? 韻核; | ||
| } else { | ||
| 韻核 = 韻核.replace("ʊ", "o̝"); | ||
| } | ||
| return 介音 + 韻核 + 韻尾; | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| function get聲調(聲: "平" | "上" | "去" | "入", 選項: Options) { | ||
| return 選項.聲調記號 === "隱藏" | ||
| ? "" | ||
| : ( | ||
| { | ||
| 五度符號: ["˧", "˧˥", "˥˩", "꜊"], | ||
| 調值數字: ["³³", "³⁵", "⁵¹", "³"], | ||
| } as { | ||
| [key: string]: string[]; | ||
| } | ||
| )[選項.聲調記號.slice(0, 4)]["平上去入".indexOf(聲)]; | ||
| } |
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