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_posts/2023-09-25-v0.31-keeping-dependencies-explicit.md
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|---|---|---|
| @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ | ||
| --- | ||
| author: Louis Pilfold | ||
| title: Keeping dependencies explicit | ||
| subtitle: Gleam v0.31 released | ||
| tags: | ||
| - Release | ||
| --- | ||
|
|
||
| Gleam is a type safe and scalable language for the Erlang virtual machine and | ||
| JavaScript runtimes. Today Gleam [v0.31.0][release] has been released, let's | ||
| take a look at what's new. | ||
|
|
||
| [release]: https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/releases/tag/v0.31.0 | ||
|
|
||
| ## Requiring explicit dependencies | ||
|
|
||
| A Gleam application's dependency graph contains no duplicate packages, each | ||
| package has exactly one version. | ||
|
|
||
| ``` | ||
| ┌───────────────┐ | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ Application │ | ||
| │ │ | ||
| └───────┬───────┘ | ||
| │ | ||
| │ | ||
| ┌──────▼──────┐ ┌─────────────┐ | ||
| │ │ │ │ | ||
| │ library_a ├───────► library_b │ | ||
| │ │ │ │ | ||
| └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| Here the application has specified `library_a` as a dependency in its | ||
| `gleam.toml`, and `library_a` has specified `library_b` as a dependency in its | ||
| own `gleam.toml`. | ||
|
|
||
| As there's no ambiguity as to what version to use Gleam has allowed importing | ||
| modules from packages that you don't directly depend upon, the application | ||
| could happily import modules from `library_b`. | ||
|
|
||
| Over time it has become clear that this form of indirect dependency is unclear | ||
| and is confusing to a lot of folks, so we're moving to making dependencies | ||
| explicit and only permitting imports from direct dependencies. | ||
|
|
||
| With this release Gleam will now emit a warning when importing modules from a | ||
| package your application does not directly depend upon, and in future versions | ||
| of Gleam this will become an error. | ||
|
|
||
| ```text | ||
| warning: Transative dependency imported | ||
| ┌─ src/app.gleam:2:1 | ||
| │ | ||
| 2 │ import mist | ||
| │ ^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
| The module `mist` is being imported, but `mist`, the package it belongs to, | ||
| is not a direct dependency of your package. | ||
| In a future version of Gleam this may become a compile error. | ||
| Run this command to add it to your dependencies: | ||
| gleam add mist | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| ## Quality of life improvements | ||
|
|
||
| As we're now ramping up to version 1.0 we're making lots of small improvements | ||
| to the ergonomics of the language. | ||
|
|
||
| The record access syntax (`person.name`) can now be used in case clause guard | ||
| expressions. | ||
|
|
||
| ```gleam | ||
| pub fn listed(names: List(String), person: Person) -> String { | ||
| case names { | ||
| [name, ..names] if name == person.name -> True | ||
| [_, ..names] -> listed(names, person) | ||
| [] -> False | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| The `as` keyword can now be used to assign the prefix of a string to a variable when pattern matching. | ||
|
|
||
| ```gleam | ||
| pub fn parse_tag(tag: String) -> Result(Tag, Nil) { | ||
| case tag { | ||
| "category " as key <> value | ||
| | "region " as key <> value | ||
| | "priority " as key <> value -> { | ||
| let key = string.trim(key) | ||
| Ok(Tag(key, value)) | ||
| } | ||
| _ -> Error(Nil) | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| And the standard library `gleam/int` module now has a series of functions for | ||
| performing bitwise operations. | ||
|
|
||
| ```gleam | ||
| int.bitwise_and(9, 3) | ||
| // -> 1 | ||
| int.bitwise_or(9, 3) | ||
| // -> 11 | ||
| int.bitwise_exclusive_or(9, 3) | ||
| // -> 10 | ||
| int.bitwise_not(2) | ||
| // -> -3 | ||
| int.bitwise_shift_left(1, 2) | ||
| // -> 4 | ||
| int.bitwise_shift_right(1, 2) | ||
| // -> 0 | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| ## Wisp | ||
|
|
||
| Gleam has been used to make backend web applications for a good few years, but | ||
| without a helpful web framework the programmer has to feel comfortable piecing | ||
| together various packages to build their application. | ||
|
|
||
| Most folks are not so interested in the nitty-gritty of how to put together a | ||
| web application and want to focus on the business logic of their application, so | ||
| the Wisp framework has been created to help folks get on with solving problems | ||
| with Gleam. | ||
|
|
||
| Wisp takes the lessons learnt from various existing Gleam web applications and | ||
| web frameworks in other languages, and provides a practical, type safe, and | ||
| magic-free experience for building web applications. A Wisp request handler | ||
| looks a like this: | ||
|
|
||
| ```gleam | ||
| import gleam/result.{try} | ||
| import my_app/people | ||
| import my_app/web.{Context} | ||
| import wisp.{Request, Response} | ||
| pub fn handle_request(req: Request, ctx: Context) -> Response { | ||
| use json <- wisp.require_json(req) | ||
| let result = { | ||
| use params <- try(people.parse_params(json)) | ||
| use person <- try(people.save(params, ctx.db)) | ||
| Ok(people.to_json(person)) | ||
| } | ||
| case result { | ||
| Ok(body) -> wisp.json_response(body, 201) | ||
| Error(_) -> wisp.bad_request() | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
|
|
||
| Today Wisp has a small feature set similar to that of Ruby's Sinatra or Python's | ||
| Flask, but it is expected to grow over time to include more features as the | ||
| maintainers and community decides what is useful and how they should work. | ||
|
|
||
| Wisp is not a Gleam-core project like the compiler or the standard library, but | ||
| I (Louis Pifold, Gleam's creator) am the primary maintainer of Wisp, and the | ||
| framework has been designed with the help of prominent members of the Gleam | ||
| community. | ||
|
|
||
| Check out [the website](https://lpil.github.io/wisp) and the | ||
| [source code](https://github.com/lpil/wisp) if you'd like to learn more. 🧚 | ||
|
|
||
| ## Thanks | ||
|
|
||
| Gleam is made possible by the support of all the kind people and companies who have | ||
| very generously [**sponsored**](https://github.com/sponsors/lpil) or | ||
| contributed to the project. Thank you all! | ||
|
|
||
| If you like Gleam consider sponsoring or asking your employer to | ||
| [sponsor Gleam development](https://github.com/sponsors/lpil). I work full time | ||
| on Gleam and your kind sponsorship is how I pay my bills! | ||
|
|
||
| <ul class="top-sponsors"> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <a href="https://fly.io" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> | ||
| <img class="sponsor-fly no-shadow" src="/images/sponsors/fly.svg" alt="Fly"> | ||
| </a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
|
|
||
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|
||
| Thanks for reading! Happy hacking! 💜 |
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