[24.0] Check dataset state when attempting to acces dataset contents

[mvdbeek]

Fixes a bunch of issues that are regularly logged in sentry.

How to test the changes?

(Select all options that apply)

• I've included appropriate automated tests.
• This is a refactoring of components with existing test coverage.
• Instructions for manual testing are as follows:
  1. [add testing steps and prerequisites here if you didn't write automated tests covering all your changes]

License

• I agree to license these and all my past contributions to the core galaxy codebase under the MIT license.

[galaxyproject-sentryintegration]

🔍 Existing Issues For Review

Your pull request is modifying functions with the following pre-existing issues:

📄 File: lib/galaxy/webapps/galaxy/services/datasets.py

Function	Unhandled Issue
show	AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_filters' /api/datas... Event Count: 16
show	ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '2.60999' /api/datasets... Event Count: 8
show	ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '19.0941' /api/datasets... Event Count: 2

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[davelopez]

Looks pretty good thanks!
Probably best to merge this forward before #18129

[jmchilton]

Amazing honestly! Thanks so much. I feel like this is going to fix a lot of odd little issues I experience when playing with non-tradiational datasets.

[galaxyproject-sentryintegration]

Suspect Issues

This pull request was deployed and Sentry observed the following issues:

• ‼️ OperationalError: (psycopg2.OperationalError) server closed the connection unexpectedly /api/datasets/{dataset_id} View Issue

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