Bump go toolchain to 1.23.3

[ivanvc]

Updates Go to 1.23.3.

Part of #18847

Please read https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#contribution-flow.

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 68.76%. Comparing base (75274b2) to head (fe9627f).

❗ Current head fe9627f differs from pull request most recent head b1fb361

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Additional details and impacted files

see 22 files with indirect coverage changes

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #18848      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.80%   68.76%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         420      420              
  Lines       35524    35524              
==========================================
- Hits        24441    24428      -13     
- Misses       9656     9661       +5     
- Partials     1427     1435       +8     

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[jmhbnz]

/retest

[jmhbnz]

LGTM - Thanks @ivanvc

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