Fix potential huge allocations when reading TermsQueryBuilder.BinaryV…

…alues from the network (#105235)

We should be reading a single `BytesReference` (that would be backed by a single large `byte[]`)
here when we care about the individual values in the list only.
Without breaking the behavior of only serializing once when sending to multiple targets this change:
* lazy serializes as needed and keeps the original terms, so we don't needlessly go through serialization in e.g. a single node situation
or or requests that are handled on the coordinator directly (concurrency should be fine here, we serialize on the same thread in practice and
should we ever not be on the same thread at all times this will worst case lead to serializing multiple times).
* stops allocating a potentially huge byte[] when receiving these things over the wire

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/TermsQueryBuilder.java

@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.collect.Iterators;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.BytesStreamOutput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.Writeable;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.support.XContentMapValues;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Nullable;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.ConstantFieldType;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MappedFieldType;
@@ -419,15 +421,25 @@ protected QueryBuilder doIndexMetadataRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context) throw
     @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
     public static final class BinaryValues extends AbstractCollection implements Writeable {
 
-        private final BytesReference valueRef;
-        private final int size;
+        @Nullable
+        private BytesReference valueRef;
+
+        private final boolean convert;
+
+        private final Collection<?> values;
 
         private BinaryValues(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
-            this(in.readBytesReference());
+            this.valueRef = null;
+            this.convert = false;
+            int ignored = in.readVInt();
+            int ignored2 = in.readByte();
+            assert ignored2 == StreamOutput.GENERIC_LIST_HEADER;
+            values = in.readCollectionAsImmutableList(StreamInput::readGenericValue);
         }
 
         private BinaryValues(Collection<?> values, boolean convert) {
-            this(serialize(values, convert));
+            this.convert = convert;
+            this.values = values;
         }
 
         private static BytesReference serialize(Collection<?> values, boolean convert) {
@@ -449,15 +461,6 @@ private static BytesReference serialize(Collection<?> values, boolean convert) {
             }
         }
 
-        private BinaryValues(BytesReference bytesRef) {
-            this.valueRef = bytesRef;
-            try (StreamInput in = valueRef.streamInput()) {
-                size = consumerHeadersAndGetListSize(in);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
-            }
-        }
-
         @Override
         public boolean remove(Object o) {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
@@ -490,64 +493,45 @@ public void clear() {
 
         @Override
         public int size() {
-            return size;
+            return values.size();
         }
 
         @Override
-        public Iterator iterator() {
-            return new Iterator<>() {
-                private final StreamInput in;
-                private int pos = 0;
-
-                {
-                    try {
-                        in = valueRef.streamInput();
-                        consumerHeadersAndGetListSize(in);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        throw new UncheckedIOException("failed to deserialize TermsQueryBuilder", e);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public boolean hasNext() {
-                    return pos < size;
-                }
-
-                @Override
-                public Object next() {
-                    try {
-                        pos++;
-                        return in.readGenericValue();
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        throw new UncheckedIOException("failed to deserialize TermsQueryBuilder", e);
-                    }
-                }
-            };
+        public Iterator<?> iterator() {
+            var iter = values.iterator();
+            return convert ? Iterators.map(iter, AbstractQueryBuilder::maybeConvertToBytesRef) : iter;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
-            out.writeBytesReference(valueRef);
+            out.writeBytesReference(asBytes());
+        }
+
+        private BytesReference asBytes() {
+            var ref = valueRef;
+            if (ref == null) {
+                ref = serialize(values, convert);
+                valueRef = ref;
+            }
+            return ref;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) return true;
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-            BinaryValues that = (BinaryValues) o;
-            return Objects.equals(valueRef, that.valueRef);
+            return Iterators.equals(iterator(), ((BinaryValues) o).iterator(), Objects::equals);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
-            return Objects.hash(valueRef);
+            int hash = 1;
+            for (Object o : this) {
+                hash = 31 * hash + o.hashCode();
+            }
+            return hash;
         }
 
-        private static int consumerHeadersAndGetListSize(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
-            byte genericSign = in.readByte();
-            assert genericSign == StreamOutput.GENERIC_LIST_HEADER;
-            return in.readVInt();
-        }
     }
 
     @Override