feat!: rework WoT discover method

example/coap_discovery.dart

@@ -37,14 +37,20 @@ Future<void> handleThingDescription(
 }
 
 Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
-  final servient = Servient(clientFactories: [CoapClientFactory()]);
+  final servient = Servient(
+    clientFactories: [CoapClientFactory()],
+    discoveryConfiguration: [
+      DirectConfiguration(
+        Uri.parse("coap://plugfest.thingweb.io:5683/testthing"),
+      ),
+    ],
+  );
 
   final wot = await servient.start();
-  final uri = Uri.parse("coap://plugfest.thingweb.io:5683/testthing");
 
   // Example using for-await-loop
   try {
-    await for (final thingDescription in wot.discover(uri)) {
+    await for (final thingDescription in wot.discover()) {
       await handleThingDescription(wot, thingDescription);
     }
     print('Discovery with "await for" has finished.');
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
   //
   // Notice how the "onDone" callback is called before the result is passed
   // to the handleThingDescription function.
-  wot.discover(uri).listen(
+  wot.discover().listen(
     (thingDescription) async {
       await handleThingDescription(wot, thingDescription);
     },

example/coap_dns_sd_discovery.dart

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 // ignore_for_file: avoid_print
 
 import "package:dart_wot/binding_coap.dart";
+import "package:dart_wot/binding_http.dart";
 import "package:dart_wot/core.dart";
 
 void handleThingDescription(ThingDescription thingDescription) =>
@@ -16,16 +17,18 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
   final servient = Servient(
     clientFactories: [
       CoapClientFactory(),
+      HttpClientFactory(),
+    ],
+    discoveryConfiguration: [
+      DnsSdDConfiguration(protocolType: ProtocolType.udp),
     ],
   );
 
   final wot = await servient.start();
-  final uri = Uri.parse("_wot._udp.local");
 
   // Example using for-await-loop
   try {
-    await for (final thingDescription
-        in wot.discover(uri, method: DiscoveryMethod.dnsServiceDiscovery)) {
+    await for (final thingDescription in wot.discover()) {
       handleThingDescription(thingDescription);
     }
     print('Discovery with "await for" has finished.');
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
   //
   // Notice how the "onDone" callback is called before the result is passed
   // to the handleThingDescription function.
-  wot.discover(uri, method: DiscoveryMethod.dnsServiceDiscovery).listen(
+  wot.discover().listen(
         handleThingDescription,
         onError: (error) => print("Encountered an error: $error"),
         onDone: () => print('Discovery with "listen" has finished.'),

example/complex_example.dart

@@ -146,13 +146,12 @@ Future<void> main() async {
     "/Oracle/oracle-Festo_Shared.td.jsonld",
   );
 
-  final thingDiscovery = wot.discover(thingUri);
-
-  await for (final thingDescription in thingDiscovery) {
-    final consumedDiscoveredThing = await wot.consume(thingDescription);
-    print(
-      "The title of the fetched TD is "
-      "${consumedDiscoveredThing.thingDescription.title}.",
-    );
-  }
+  final discoveredThingDescription =
+      await wot.requestThingDescription(thingUri);
+
+  final consumedDiscoveredThing = await wot.consume(discoveredThingDescription);
+  print(
+    "The title of the fetched TD is "
+    "${consumedDiscoveredThing.thingDescription.title}.",
+  );
 }

example/core_link_format_discovery.dart

@@ -10,15 +10,18 @@ import "package:dart_wot/binding_coap.dart";
 import "package:dart_wot/core.dart";
 
 Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
-  final servient = Servient(clientFactories: [CoapClientFactory()]);
+  final servient = Servient(
+    clientFactories: [CoapClientFactory()],
+    discoveryConfiguration: [
+      CoreLinkFormatConfiguration(
+        Uri.parse("coap://plugfest.thingweb.io"),
+      ),
+    ],
+  );
 
   final wot = await servient.start();
 
-  final discoveryUri =
-      Uri.parse("coap://plugfest.thingweb.io/.well-known/core");
-
-  await for (final thingDescription
-      in wot.discover(discoveryUri, method: DiscoveryMethod.coreLinkFormat)) {
+  await for (final thingDescription in wot.discover()) {
     print(thingDescription.title);
 
     if (thingDescription.title != "Smart-Coffee-Machine") {

lib/src/core/implementation.dart

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export "implementation/augmented_form.dart";
 export "implementation/codecs/content_codec.dart";
 export "implementation/content.dart";
 export "implementation/content_serdes.dart";
+export "implementation/discovery/discovery_configuration.dart";
 export "implementation/protocol_interfaces/protocol_client.dart";
 export "implementation/protocol_interfaces/protocol_client_factory.dart";
 export "implementation/protocol_interfaces/protocol_server.dart";

lib/src/core/implementation/discovery/discovery_configuration.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+/// Used to indicate whether the discovery mechanism will be used to discover
+/// Thing Descriptions of Things or Thing Description Directories.
+enum DiscoveryType {
+  /// Indicates that the discovery mechanism will discover Thing Descriptions of
+  /// Things.
+  thing(
+    coreLinkFormatResourceType: "wot.thing",
+    dnsDsType: "Thing",
+  ),
+
+  /// Indicates that the discovery mechanism will discover Thing Descriptions of
+  /// Thing Description Directories.
+  directory(
+    coreLinkFormatResourceType: "wot.directory",
+    dnsDsType: "Directory",
+  ),
+  ;
+
+  const DiscoveryType({
+    required this.coreLinkFormatResourceType,
+    required this.dnsDsType,
+  });
+
+  /// The Core Link Format ([RFC 6690]) resource type that is used for this
+  /// type of discovery mechanism
+  ///
+  /// See [section 6.4] of the [WoT Discovery specification] for more
+  /// information.
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690
+  /// [section 6.4]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-discovery/#introduction-core-rd-sec
+  /// [WoT Discovery specification]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-discovery
+  final String coreLinkFormatResourceType;
+
+  /// The value for "type" that is used for this discovery variant in TXT
+  /// records obtained during DNS-based service discovery.
+  ///
+  /// See [section 6.3] of the [WoT Discovery specification] for more
+  /// information.
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690
+  /// [section 6.3]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-discovery/#introduction-dns-sd-sec
+  /// [WoT Discovery specification]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-discovery
+  final String dnsDsType;
+}
+
+/// The protocol type that is used for DNS-based service discovery.
+enum ProtocolType {
+  /// Indicates that services that use TCP-based protocols like HTTP for
+  /// exposing their Thing Description shall be discovered.
+  tcp(
+    defaultDnsSdUriScheme: "http",
+    dnsSdProtocolLabel: "_tcp",
+  ),
+
+  /// Indicates that services that use UDP-based protocols like CoAP for
+  /// exposing their Thing Description shall be discovered.
+  udp(
+    defaultDnsSdUriScheme: "coap",
+    dnsSdProtocolLabel: "_udp",
+  ),
+  ;
+
+  const ProtocolType({
+    required this.defaultDnsSdUriScheme,
+    required this.dnsSdProtocolLabel,
+  });
+
+  /// The default URI scheme that is used for this protocol.
+  ///
+  /// For [ProtocolType.tcp], this is defined as `http`, and for
+  /// [ProtocolType.udp] it is defined as `coap`.
+  final String defaultDnsSdUriScheme;
+
+  /// The subdomain for this protocol variant.
+  ///
+  /// Results in `_tcp` for [ProtocolType.tcp] and `_udp` for
+  /// [ProtocolType.udp].
+  final String dnsSdProtocolLabel;
+}
+
+/// A configuration that is used by the `WoT.discover()` method when registered
+/// with the underlying `Servient`.
+sealed class DiscoveryConfiguration {}
+
+/// A configuration used for direct discovery, i.e. the direct retrieval of a
+/// Thing Description from a [uri].
+final class DirectConfiguration extends DiscoveryConfiguration {
+  /// Instantiates a new [DirectConfiguration] object from a [uri].
+  DirectConfiguration(this.uri);
+
+  /// The [Uri] the Thing Description can be retrieved from.
+  final Uri uri;
+}
+
+/// Base class for configuring discovery mechanisms that involve a two-step
+/// approach.
+///
+/// These mechanisms first discover URLs pointing to Thing Descriptions
+/// (introduction phase) before retrieving the Thing Descriptions themselves
+/// (exploration phase).
+sealed class TwoStepConfiguration extends DiscoveryConfiguration {
+  /// Creates a new [TwoStepConfiguration] object from a [discoveryType].
+  TwoStepConfiguration({required this.discoveryType});
+
+  /// Indicates whether this configuration is used for discovering Things or
+  /// Thing Description Directories.
+  final DiscoveryType discoveryType;
+}
+
+/// A [DiscoveryConfiguration] for performing DNS-based Service Discovery
+/// ([RFC 6763]) to obtain Thing Descriptions.
+///
+/// [RFC 6763]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6763
+final class DnsSdDConfiguration extends TwoStepConfiguration {
+  /// Instantiates a new [DnsSdDConfiguration], indicating the [protocolType]
+  /// and [discoveryType].
+  ///
+  /// By default, `.local` (for multicast DNS, [RFC 6762]) will be used as the
+  /// configuration's [domainName].
+  /// Other domain names are currently unsupported.
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6762]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6762
+  DnsSdDConfiguration({
+    this.domainName = ".local",
+    super.discoveryType = DiscoveryType.thing,
+    this.protocolType = ProtocolType.tcp,
+  });
+
+  /// The domain name that will be used for DNS-based Service Discovery.
+  ///
+  /// By default, `.local` will be used as the domain name, indicating that
+  /// multicast DNS (RFC 6764) will be used for performing the discovery.
+  ///
+  /// Other domain names (and therefore unicast DNS) are currently unsupported.
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6762]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6762
+  final String domainName;
+
+  /// Indicates whether TCP-based or a UDP-based WoT services be will be
+  /// discovered.
+  final ProtocolType protocolType;
+}
+
+/// Configures discovery using the CoRE link format ([RFC 6690]).
+///
+/// [RFC 6690]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690
+final class CoreLinkFormatConfiguration extends TwoStepConfiguration {
+  /// Instantiates a new [CoreLinkFormatConfiguration] object.
+  ///
+  /// The [baseUrl] can either be a unicast or – when using a mulicast-capable
+  /// protocol such as CoAP – a multicast [Uri]. The default URI path used for
+  /// discovering Thing Descriptions is the standardized `/.well-known/core`
+  /// (see [RFC 6690, section 4]).
+  ///
+  /// By default, the discovery process used with this configuration will try
+  /// to obtain Thing Descriptions for Things, as indicated by the
+  /// [discoveryType].
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690, section 4]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690#section-4
+  CoreLinkFormatConfiguration(
+    Uri baseUrl, {
+    super.discoveryType = DiscoveryType.thing,
+    String coreLinkFormatPath = "/.well-known/core",
+  }) : uri = baseUrl.replace(
+          path: coreLinkFormatPath,
+          queryParameters: {
+            "rt": discoveryType.coreLinkFormatResourceType,
+          },
+        );
+
+  /// Points to the CoRE Link Format resource.
+  ///
+  /// By default, this [Uri] will the well-known URI path `/.well-known/core` as
+  /// described in [RFC 6690, section 4].
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690, section 4]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690#section-4
+  final Uri uri;
+}
+
+/// A configuration for performing discovery using a CoRE Resource Directory
+/// ([RFC 9176]).
+///
+/// Using this [DiscoveryConfiguration], the underlying platform will first try
+/// to obtain a link to one or (when using multicast) more CoRE Resource
+/// Directory lookup interfaces.
+/// Then it will use these interfaces to obtain links that point to Thing
+/// Description resources and, as last step, try to retrieve the Thing
+/// Descriptions themselves.
+///
+/// [RFC 9176]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9176
+final class CoreResourceDirectoryConfiguration extends TwoStepConfiguration {
+  /// Instantiates a new [CoreResourceDirectoryConfiguration] object.
+  ///
+  /// The [baseUrl] can either be a unicast or – when using a mulicast-capable
+  /// protocol such as CoAP – a multicast [Uri]. The default URI path used for
+  /// discovering lookup interfaces of CoRE Resource Directories is the
+  /// standardized URI path `/.well-known/core` (see [RFC 6690, section 4]).
+  ///
+  /// By default, the discovery process used with this configuration will try
+  /// to obtain Thing Descriptions for Things, as indicated by the
+  /// [discoveryType].
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690, section 4]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690#section-4
+  CoreResourceDirectoryConfiguration(
+    Uri baseUrl, {
+    super.discoveryType = DiscoveryType.thing,
+    String coreLinkFormatPath = "/.well-known/core",
+  }) : uri = baseUrl.replace(
+          path: coreLinkFormatPath,
+          queryParameters: {
+            "rt": "core.rd-lookup-res",
+          },
+        );
+
+  /// A [Uri] pointing to the resource where a directory's CoRE Link Format
+  /// links can be retrieved.
+  ///
+  /// By default, the standardized URI path `/.well-known/core` will be used
+  /// (see [RFC 6690, section 4]).
+  ///
+  /// [RFC 6690, section 4]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6690#section-4
+  final Uri uri;
+}

lib/src/core/implementation/servient.dart

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import "../exceptions.dart";
 import "../scripting_api.dart" as scripting_api;
 import "consumed_thing.dart";
 import "content_serdes.dart";
+import "discovery/discovery_configuration.dart";
 import "exposed_thing.dart";
 import "protocol_interfaces/protocol_client.dart";
 import "protocol_interfaces/protocol_client_factory.dart";
@@ -38,7 +39,9 @@ class Servient {
     List<ProtocolClientFactory>? clientFactories,
     ServerSecurityCallback? serverSecurityCallback,
     ContentSerdes? contentSerdes,
+    List<DiscoveryConfiguration>? discoveryConfiguration,
   })  : contentSerdes = contentSerdes ?? ContentSerdes(),
+        discoveryConfiguration = discoveryConfiguration ?? [],
         _serverSecurityCallback = serverSecurityCallback {
     for (final clientFactory in clientFactories ?? <ProtocolClientFactory>[]) {
       addClientFactory(clientFactory);
@@ -52,6 +55,10 @@ class Servient {
 
   final ServerSecurityCallback? _serverSecurityCallback;
 
+  /// [List] of [DiscoveryConfiguration]s that are used when calling the
+  /// [scripting_api.WoT.discover] method.
+  List<DiscoveryConfiguration> discoveryConfiguration;
+
   /// The [ContentSerdes] object that is used for serializing/deserializing.
   final ContentSerdes contentSerdes;