parliament is an AWS IAM linting library. It reviews policies looking for problems such as:

• malformed json
• missing required elements
• incorrect prefix and action names
• incorrect resources or conditions for the actions provided
• type mismatches
• bad policy patterns

This library duplicates (and adds to!) much of the functionality in the web console page when reviewing IAM policies in the browser. We wanted that functionality as a library.

demo

Installation

pip install parliament

Usage

cat > test.json << EOF
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action":["s3:GetObject"],
        "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::bucket1"]
    }
}
EOF

parliament --file test.json

This will output:

MEDIUM - No resources match for the given action -  - [{'action': 's3:GetObject', 'required_format': 'arn:*:s3:::*/*'}] - {'actions': ['s3:GetObject'], 'filepath': 'test.json'}

This example is showing that the action s3:GetObject requires a resource matching an object path (ie. it must have a "/" in it).

The different input types allowed include:

• --file: Filename
• --directory: A directory path, for exmaple: --directory . --include_policy_extension json --exclude_pattern ".*venv.*"
• --aws-managed-policies: For use specifically with the repo https://github.com/z0ph/aws_managed_policies
• --auth-details-file: For use with the file returned by "aws iam get-account-authorization-details"
• --string: Provide a string such as '{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": {"Effect": "Allow","Action": ["s3:GetObject", "s3:PutBucketPolicy"],"Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::bucket1", "arn:aws:s3:::bucket2/*"]}}'

Using parliament as a library

Parliament was meant to be used a library in other projects. A basic example follows.

from parliament import analyze_policy_string

analyzed_policy = analyze_policy_string(policy_doc)
for f in analyzed_policy.findings:
  print(f)

Custom config file

You may decide you want to change the severity of a finding, the text associated with it, or that you want to ignore certain types of findings. To support this, you can provide an override config file. First, create a test.json file:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Id": "123",
    "Statement": [
      {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": "s3:abc",
        "Resource": "*"
      },
      {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": ["s3:*", "ec2:*"],
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::test/*"
      }
    ]
 }

This will have two findings:

• LOW - Unknown action - - Unknown action s3:abc
• MEDIUM - No resources match for the given action

The second finding will be very long, because every s3 and ec2 action are expanded and most are incorrect for the S3 object path resource that is provided.

Now create a file config_override.yaml with the following contents:

UNKNOWN_ACTION:
  severity: MEDIUM
  ignore_locations:
  - filepath:
    - testa.json
    - .*.py

RESOURCE_MISMATCH:
  ignore_locations:
  - actions: ".*s3.*"

Now run: parliament --file test.json --config config_override.yaml You will have only one output: MEDIUM - Unknown action - - Unknown action s3:abc

Notice that the severity of that finding has been changed from a LOW to a MEDIUM. Also, note that the other finding is gone, because the previous RESOURCE_MISMATCH finding contained an actions element of ["s3:*", "ec2:*"]. The ignore logic converts the value you provide, and the finding value to lowercase, and then uses your string as a regex. This means that we are checking if s3 is in str(["s3:*", "ec2:*"])

Now rename test.json to testa.json and rerun the command. You will no longer have any output, because we are filtering based on the filepath for UNKNOWN_ACTION and filtering for any filepaths that contain testa.json or .py.

You can also check the exit status with echo $? and see the exit status is 0 when there are no findings. The exit status will be non-zero when there are findings.

You can have multiple elements in ignore_locations. For example,

- filepath: "test.json"
  action: "s3:GetObject"
  resource: 
  - "a"
  - "b"
- resource: "c.*"

Assuming the finding has these types of values in the location element, this will ignore any finding that matches the filepath to "test.json" AND action to "s3:GetObject" AND the resource to "a" OR "b". It will also ignore a resource that matches "c.*".

Custom auditors

Private Auditors

This section will show how to create your own private auditor to look for any policies that grant access to either of the sensitive buckets secretbucket and othersecretbucket.

Create a file test.json with contents:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": "s3:GetObject",
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/*"
    }
}

This is an example of the policy we want to alert on. That policy will normally not generate any findings.

Create the file config_override.yaml with contents:

SENSITIVE_BUCKET_ACCESS:
  title: Sensitive bucket access
  description: Allows read access to an important S3 bucket
  severity: MEDIUM
  group: CUSTOM

In the parliament directory (that contains iam_definition.json), create the directory private_auditors and the file parliament/private_auditors/sensitive_bucket_access.py

from parliament import is_arn_match, expand_action

def audit(policy):
    action_resources = {}
    for action in expand_action("s3:*"):
        # Iterates through a list of containing elements such as
        # {'service': 's3', 'action': 'GetObject'}
        action_name = "{}:{}".format(action["service"], action["action"])
        action_resources[action_name] = policy.get_allowed_resources(action["service"], action["action"])
    
    for action_name in action_resources:
        resources = action_resources[action_name]
        for r in resources:
            if is_arn_match("object", "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket*", r) or is_arn_match("object", "arn:aws:s3:::othersecretbucket*", r):
                policy.add_finding("SENSITIVE_BUCKET_ACCESS", location={"action": action_name, "resource": r})

This will look for any s3 access to the buckets of interest, including not only object access such as s3:GetObject access, but also things like s3:PutBucketAcl.

Running against our test file, we'll get the following output:

./bin/parliament --file test.json --config config_override.yaml --json

{"issue": "SENSITIVE_BUCKET_ACCESS", "title": "Sensitive bucket access", "severity": "MEDIUM", "description": "Allows read access to an important S3 bucket", "detail": "", "location": {"action": "s3:GetObject", "resource": "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/*", "filepath": "test.json"}}

You can now decide if this specific situation is ok for you, and choose to ignore it by modifying the config_override.yaml to include:

ignore_locations:
  - filepath: "test.json"
    action: "s3:GetObject"
    resource: "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/\\*"

Notice that I had to double-escape the escape asterisk. If another policy is created, say in test2.json that you'd like to ignore, you can just append those values to the list:

ignore_locations:
  - filepath: "test.json"
    action: "s3:GetObject"
    resource: "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/\\*"
  - filepath: "test2.json"
    action: "s3:GetObject"
    resource: "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/\\*"

Or you could do:

ignore_locations:
  - filepath:
    - "test.json"
    - "test2.json"
    action: "s3:GetObject"
    resource: "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/\\*"

Unit tests for private auditors

To create unit tests for our new private auditor, create the directory ./parliament/private_auditors/tests/ and create the file test_sensitive_bucket_access.py there with the contents:

from parliament import analyze_policy_string

class TestCustom():
    """Test class for custom auditor"""

    def test_my_auditor(self):
        policy = analyze_policy_string(
            """{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": "s3:GetObject",
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::secretbucket/*"}}""",
        )
        assert_equal(len(policy.findings), 1)

That test ensures that for the given policy (which is granting read access to our secret bucket) one finding will be created.

Now when you run ./tests/scripts/unit_tests.sh there should be one additional test run.

Using Private auditors in a custom folder

You can store your private auditors in a folder and use them from there instead of the parliament directory (that contains iam_definition.json).

1. From the CLI

If you're running the command line you can store your private auditors in another folder and define the parameter --private_auditors. Example:

parliament --file test.json --config config_override.yaml --private_auditors {my_custom_folder} --json

2. As a library

Consider the following project structure:

test_project
├── policy_validator.py
├── private_auditors_folder
│   ├── config_override.yaml
│   └── sensitive_bucket_access.py
└── test.json

In addition to what you did to run parliament as a library, you'll need to pass to analyze_policy_string method:

• the config override yaml file path
• private_auditors_custom_path path

Inside policy_validator, I have to read the policy test file as string:

def read_file():
    with open("test.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as json_test_file:
        data = json.load(json_test_file)
    return json.dumps(data)

my_test_file = read_file()

Define the location of private auditors path:

private_auditors_path = (
    Path(os.path.abspath(__file__)).parent / "private_auditors_folder"
)

Define the location of config override path:

config_override_path = (
    Path(os.path.abspath(__file__)).parent
    / "private_auditors_folder"
    / "config_override.yaml"
)

Call analyze_policy_string with the specified config override and private auditors custom folder:

parliament.analyze_policy_string(
    my_test_file,
    config=config_override_path, private_auditors_custom_path=private_auditors_path,
)

You should be able to read the results using:

for f in analyzed_policy.findings:
  print(f)

Community auditors

• The process for community auditors is the same as private auditors, except that:

• The community auditors are located in the parliament/community_auditors folder instead of the parliament/private_auditors
• The community auditors are bundled with the package and users can include them in their testing by specifying --include-community-auditors flag.

Development

Setup a testing environment

python3 -m venv ./venv && source venv/bin/activate
pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Run unit tests with:

make test

Run locally as:

bin/parliament

Updating the privilege info

The IAM data is obtained from scraping the docs here and parsing this information with beautifulsoup using ./utils/update_iam_data.py.

Use a script like this to generate a new iam_definition.json.

python3 -m venv ./venv
source ./venv/bin/activate
pip install requests beautifulsoup4
wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/duo-labs/parliament/main/utils/update_iam_data.py"
python ./update_iam_data.py > iam_definition.json

Find the Python environment in which you installed Parliament and overwrite the old iam_definition.json.

Projects that use Parliament

• CloudMapper: Has functionality to audit AWS environments and will audit the IAM policies as part of that.
• tf-parliament: Runs Parliament against terraform files
• iam-lint: Github action for linting AWS IAM policy documents
• Paco: Cloud orchestration tool that integrates Parliament as a library to verify a project's IAM Policies and warns about findings.
• ConsoleMe: Web service that makes administering and using multiple AWS accounts easier, that uses Parliament for linting IAM Policies
• iamlive: Generates IAM Policies from observing AWS calls through client-side monitoring