lua-resty-mysql - Lua MySQL client driver for ngx_lua based on the cosocket API
- Name
- Status
- Description
- Synopsis
- Methods
- SQL Literal Quoting
- Multi-Resultset Support
- Debugging
- Automatic Error Logging
- Limitations
- Installation
- Community
- Bugs and Patches
- TODO
- Author
- Copyright and License
- See Also
This library is considered production ready.
This Lua library is a MySQL client driver for the ngx_lua nginx module:
http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule
This Lua library takes advantage of ngx_lua's cosocket API, which ensures 100% nonblocking behavior.
Note that at least ngx_lua 0.9.11 or ngx_openresty 1.7.4.1 is required.
Also, the bit library is also required. If you're using LuaJIT 2.0 with ngx_lua, then the bit library is already available by default.
# you do not need the following line if you are using
# the ngx_openresty bundle:
lua_package_path "/path/to/lua-resty-mysql/lib/?.lua;;";
server {
location /test {
content_by_lua '
local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
local db, err = mysql:new()
if not db then
ngx.say("failed to instantiate mysql: ", err)
return
end
db:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec
-- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
-- by a mysql server:
-- local ok, err, errno, sqlstate =
-- db:connect{
-- path = "/path/to/mysql.sock",
-- database = "ngx_test",
-- user = "ngx_test",
-- password = "ngx_test" }
local ok, err, errno, sqlstate = db:connect{
host = "127.0.0.1",
port = 3306,
database = "ngx_test",
user = "ngx_test",
password = "ngx_test",
max_packet_size = 1024 * 1024 }
if not ok then
ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err, ": ", errno, " ", sqlstate)
return
end
ngx.say("connected to mysql.")
local res, err, errno, sqlstate =
db:query("drop table if exists cats")
if not res then
ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return
end
res, err, errno, sqlstate =
db:query("create table cats "
.. "(id serial primary key, "
.. "name varchar(5))")
if not res then
ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return
end
ngx.say("table cats created.")
res, err, errno, sqlstate =
db:query("insert into cats (name) "
.. "values (\'Bob\'),(\'\'),(null)")
if not res then
ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return
end
ngx.say(res.affected_rows, " rows inserted into table cats ",
"(last insert id: ", res.insert_id, ")")
-- run a select query, expected about 10 rows in
-- the result set:
res, err, errno, sqlstate =
db:query("select * from cats order by id asc", 10)
if not res then
ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return
end
local cjson = require "cjson"
ngx.say("result: ", cjson.encode(res))
-- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
-- with 10 seconds max idle timeout
local ok, err = db:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
if not ok then
ngx.say("failed to set keepalive: ", err)
return
end
-- or just close the connection right away:
-- local ok, err = db:close()
-- if not ok then
-- ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
-- return
-- end
';
}
}syntax: db, err = mysql:new()
Creates a MySQL connection object. In case of failures, returns nil and a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = db:connect(options)
Attempts to connect to the remote MySQL server.
The options argument is a Lua table holding the following keys:
-
hostthe host name for the MySQL server.
-
portthe port that the MySQL server is listening on. Default to 3306.
-
paththe path of the unix socket file listened by the MySQL server.
-
databasethe MySQL database name.
-
userMySQL account name for login.
-
passwordMySQL account password for login (in clear text).
-
max_packet_sizethe upper limit for the reply packets sent from the MySQL server (default to 1MB).
-
sslIf set to
true, then uses SSL to connect to MySQL (default tofalse). If the MySQL server does not have SSL support (or just disabled), the error string "ssl disabled on server" will be returned. -
ssl_verifyIf set to
true, then verifies the validity of the server SSL certificate (default tofalse). Note that you need to configure the lua_ssl_trusted_certificate to specify the CA (or server) certificate used by your MySQL server. You may also need to configure lua_ssl_verify_depth accordingly. -
poolthe name for the MySQL connection pool. if omitted, an ambiguous pool name will be generated automatically with the string template
user:database:host:portoruser:database:path. (this option was first introduced inv0.08.) -
compact_arrayswhen this option is set to true, then the query and read_result methods will return the array-of-arrays structure for the resultset, rather than the default array-of-hashes structure.
Before actually resolving the host name and connecting to the remote backend, this method will always look up the connection pool for matched idle connections created by previous calls of this method.
syntax: db:set_timeout(time)
Sets the timeout (in ms) protection for subsequent operations, including the connect method.
syntax: ok, err = db:set_keepalive(max_idle_timeout, pool_size)
Puts the current MySQL connection immediately into the ngx_lua cosocket connection pool.
You can specify the max idle timeout (in ms) when the connection is in the pool and the maximal size of the pool every nginx worker process.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
Only call this method in the place you would have called the close method instead. Calling this method will immediately turn the current resty.mysql object into the closed state. Any subsequent operations other than connect() on the current objet will return the closed error.
syntax: times, err = db:get_reused_times()
This method returns the (successfully) reused times for the current connection. In case of error, it returns nil and a string describing the error.
If the current connection does not come from the built-in connection pool, then this method always returns 0, that is, the connection has never been reused (yet). If the connection comes from the connection pool, then the return value is always non-zero. So this method can also be used to determine if the current connection comes from the pool.
syntax: ok, err = db:close()
Closes the current mysql connection and returns the status.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: bytes, err = db:send_query(query)
Sends the query to the remote MySQL server without waiting for its replies.
Returns the bytes successfully sent out in success and otherwise returns nil and a string describing the error.
You should use the read_result method to read the MySQL replies afterwards.
syntax: res, err, errno, sqlstate = db:read_result()
syntax: res, err, errno, sqlstate = db:read_result(nrows)
Reads in one result returned from the MySQL server.
It returns a Lua table (res) describing the MySQL OK packet or result set packet for the query result.
For queries corresponding to a result set, it returns an array holding all the rows. Each row holds key-value apirs for each data fields. For instance,
{
{ name = "Bob", age = 32, phone = ngx.null },
{ name = "Marry", age = 18, phone = "10666372"}
}For queries that do not correspond to a result set, it returns a Lua table like this:
{
insert_id = 0,
server_status = 2,
warning_count = 1,
affected_rows = 32,
message = nil
}If more results are following the current result, a second err return value will be given the string again. One should always check this (second) return value and if it is again, then she should call this method again to retrieve more results. This usually happens when the original query contains multiple statements (separated by semicolon in the same query string) or calling a MySQL procedure. See also Multi-Resultset Support.
In case of errors, this method returns at most 4 values: nil, err, errcode, and sqlstate. The err return value contains a string describing the error, the errcode return value holds the MySQL error code (a numerical value), and finally, the sqlstate return value contains the standard SQL error code that consists of 5 characters. Note that, the errcode and sqlstate might be nil if MySQL does not return them.
The optional argument nrows can be used to specify an approximate number of rows for the result set. This value can be used
to pre-allocate space in the resulting Lua table for the result set. By default, it takes the value 4.
syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query(query)
syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query(query, nrows)
This is a shortcut for combining the send_query call and the first read_result call.
You should always check if the err return value is again in case of success because this method will only call read_result only once for you. See also Multi-Resultset Support.
syntax: str = db:server_ver()
Returns the MySQL server version string, like "5.1.64".
You should only call this method after successfully connecting to a MySQL server, otherwise nil will be returned.
syntax: db:set_compact_arrays(boolean)
Sets whether to use the "compact-arrays" structure for the resultsets returned by subsequent queries. See the compact_arrays option for the connect method for more details.
This method was first introduced in the v0.09 release.
It is always important to quote SQL literals properly to prevent SQL injection attacks. You can use the ngx.quote_sql_str function provided by ngx_lua to quote values. Here is an example:
local name = ngx.unescape_uri(ngx.var.arg_name)
local quoted_name = ngx.quote_sql_str(name)
local sql = "select * from users where name = " .. quoted_nameFor a SQL query that produces multiple result-sets, it is always your duty to check the "again" error message returned by the query or read_result method calls, and keep pulling more result sets by calling the read_result method until no "again" error message returned (or some other errors happen).
Below is a trivial example for this:
local cjson = require "cjson"
local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
local db = mysql:new()
local ok, err, errno, sqlstate = db:connect({
host = "127.0.0.1",
port = 3306,
database = "world",
user = "monty",
password = "pass"})
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to connect: ", err, ": ", errno, " ", sqlstate)
return ngx.exit(500)
end
res, err, errno, sqlstate = db:query("select 1; select 2; select 3;")
if not res then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "bad result #1: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return ngx.exit(500)
end
ngx.say("result #1: ", cjson.encode(res))
local i = 2
while err == "again" do
res, err, errno, sqlstate = db:read_result()
if not res then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "bad result #2: ", err, ": ", errno, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
return ngx.exit(500)
end
ngx.say("result #", i, ": ", cjson.encode(res))
i = i + 1
end
local ok, err = db:set_keepalive(10000, 50)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to set keepalive: ", err)
ngx.exit(500)
endThis code snippet will produce the following response body data:
result #1: [{"1":"1"}]
result #2: [{"2":"2"}]
result #3: [{"3":"3"}]
It is usually convenient to use the lua-cjson library to encode the return values of the MySQL query methods to JSON. For example,
local cjson = require "cjson"
...
local res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query("select * from cats")
if res then
print("res: ", cjson.encode(res))
endBy default the underlying ngx_lua module does error logging when socket errors happen. If you are already doing proper error handling in your own Lua code, then you are recommended to disable this automatic error logging by turning off ngx_lua's lua_socket_log_errors directive, that is,
lua_socket_log_errors off;- This library cannot be used in code contexts like init_by_lua*, set_by_lua*, log_by_lua*, and header_filter_by_lua* where the ngx_lua cosocket API is not available.
- The
resty.mysqlobject instance cannot be stored in a Lua variable at the Lua module level, because it will then be shared by all the concurrent requests handled by the same nginx worker process (see http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#Data_Sharing_within_an_Nginx_Worker ) and result in bad race conditions when concurrent requests are trying to use the sameresty.mysqlinstance. You should always initiateresty.mysqlobjects in function local variables or in thengx.ctxtable. These places all have their own data copies for each request.
If you are using the ngx_openresty bundle (http://openresty.org ), then you do not need to do anything because it already includes and enables lua-resty-mysql by default. And you can just use it in your Lua code, as in
local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
...If you are using your own nginx + ngx_lua build, then you need to configure the lua_package_path directive to add the path of your lua-resty-mysql source tree to ngx_lua's LUA_PATH search path, as in
# nginx.conf
http {
lua_package_path "/path/to/lua-resty-mysql/lib/?.lua;;";
...
}Ensure that the system account running your Nginx ''worker'' proceses have
enough permission to read the .lua file.
The openresty-en mailing list is for English speakers.
The openresty mailing list is for Chinese speakers.
Please submit bug reports, wishlists, or patches by
- creating a ticket on the GitHub Issue Tracker,
- or posting to the OpenResty community.
- improve the MySQL connection pool support.
- implement the MySQL binary row data packets.
- implement MySQL's old pre-4.0 authentication method.
- implement MySQL server prepare and execute packets.
- implement the data compression support in the protocol.
Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) [email protected], CloudFlare Inc.
This module is licensed under the BSD license.
Copyright (C) 2012-2013, by Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) [email protected], CloudFlare Inc.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- the ngx_lua module: http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule
- the MySQL wired protocol specification: http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/MySQL_Internals_ClientServer_Protocol
- the lua-resty-memcached library
- the lua-resty-redis library
- the ngx_drizzle module: http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpDrizzleModule