Remove faulty submodule reference

cgeraghty1 · Dec 9, 2024 · fdb3d11 · fdb3d11
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diff --git a/capstone b/capstone
diff --git a/capstone/.DS_Store b/capstone/.DS_Store
diff --git a/capstone/BM.png b/capstone/BM.png
diff --git a/capstone/Galton Profile.pdf b/capstone/Galton Profile.pdf
diff --git a/capstone/Galton_Profile.png b/capstone/Galton_Profile.png
diff --git a/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 1.jpg b/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 1.jpg
diff --git a/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 1.pdf b/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 1.pdf
diff --git a/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 2.pdf b/capstone/Magnetic visualization image 2.pdf
diff --git a/capstone/README.md b/capstone/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# capstone
diff --git a/capstone/Scatterplots and the Magnetic Pull of the Regression Line.pdf b/capstone/Scatterplots and the Magnetic Pull of the Regression Line.pdf
diff --git a/capstone/biased_data.png b/capstone/biased_data.png
diff --git a/capstone/biased_data_fixed.png b/capstone/biased_data_fixed.png
diff --git a/capstone/biased_data_seaborn.png b/capstone/biased_data_seaborn.png
diff --git a/capstone/biased_data_seaborn_fixed.png b/capstone/biased_data_seaborn_fixed.png
diff --git a/capstone/conclusion.css b/capstone/conclusion.css
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+/* General body styling */
+body {
+    font-family: 'Avenir', sans-serif;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+    line-height: 1.6;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+    font-size: 17px;
+}
+
+/* Header Styling */
+header {
+    text-align: center;
+    padding: 20px;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.9);
+    background: linear-gradient(to right, #f1f1f1, #dfe6e9);
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 2.5em;
+    margin: 20px 0;
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+    font-size: 1.2em;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.7);
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+/* Content Wrapper */
+.content-wrapper {
+    max-width: 900px;
+    margin: 40px auto;
+    padding: 20px;
+    text-align: justify;
+}
+
+/* Paragraph Styling */
+p {
+    font-size: 17px;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+    margin-bottom: 20px;
+    line-height: 1.8;
+}
+
+/* Footer Styling */
+footer {
+    text-align: center;
+    padding: 20px;
+    background-color: #eaeaea;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.8);
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+
+footer p {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/capstone/conclusion.html b/capstone/conclusion.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Conclusion - Beyond the Numbers</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="intro_conclusion.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<header>
+    <div class="header-container">
+        <h1>Conclusion</h1>
+        <p class="subtitle">Beyond the Numbers: Reclaiming Humanity in Statistical Narratives</p>
+    </div>
+</header>
+
+<div class="content-wrapper">
+    <section id="conclusion">
+        <p>
+            This project has revealed how statistical methodologies, when applied to human populations, fail to capture the full richness, unpredictability, and complexity of individual lives. From the eugenics-driven frameworks of Francis Galton and Ronald Fisher to the contemporary metrics of the World Happiness Report, these tools often reflect the biases and priorities of their creators, shaping narratives that claim objectivity while reinforcing subjective worldviews.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            For centuries, elite academic institutions have played a central role in the development of these methods, fostering environments that prioritize theoretical rigor and intellectual innovation. While their contributions to fields like medicine, economics, and technology have been transformative, their historical role in advancing human categorization warrants deeper scrutiny. Within these institutions, the power to define what matters—what is measured, weighted, and ultimately valued—has too often served to entrench existing hierarchies. The frameworks they produced tell us as much about the cultures and ideologies of their creators as they do about the societies they sought to analyze.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Today, such tools are often presented as solutions to empower the very groups they once subjugated—marginalized populations, those categorized and dismissed by the systems themselves. Yet, to “empower” these groups, the systems must first define them, a process that requires categorization. This form of altruism is a trap: the very act of labeling individuals reinforces the structures of hierarchy and division that caused their marginalization in the first place. The temptation to categorize is powerful—it offers the illusion of clarity, the promise of targeted solutions. But it is a false promise. This approach has never worked, and it never will. The frameworks of categorization are not neutral; they are steeped in the same biases and hierarchies they claim to overcome. They reduce individuals to abstractions and perpetuate the cycles of exclusion they were designed to break. Recognizing this is not an argument against helping those who are marginalized but a call to fundamentally rethink the systems we use to understand and address human complexity.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Even in today’s data-driven world, this legacy endures. Social media algorithms reinforce echo chambers by categorizing users into groups and feeding them content designed to maximize engagement, often amplifying division. AI systems, trained on historical data, risk embedding the biases of the past into the technologies of the future. Metrics like IQ or happiness scores, presented as tools for progress, continue to shape societal narratives in ways that constrain rather than liberate. These systems may offer convenience, but they consistently fail to encompass the full spectrum of human potential, individuality, and lived experience.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Progress cannot be achieved through tools that divide and constrain. True advancement demands a fundamental shift: one that respects the complexity, uniqueness, and autonomy of every individual. By critically examining the origins, applications, and biases of these methods, we can begin to imagine new frameworks—ones that prioritize inclusivity, diversity, and genuine understanding.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            This project challenges us to move beyond the historical pitfalls of categorization. It invites us to rethink the statistical tools we use, transforming them from instruments of division into tools that honor and illuminate the intricate tapestry of human life. Only by doing so can we aspire to a future that values every individual and transcends the limitations of the past.
+        </p>
+    </section>
+</div>
+
+<footer>
+    <p>&copy; 2024 Colin Geraghty. All rights reserved.</p>
+</footer>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/capstone/environmental_biased_data_plot.html b/capstone/environmental_biased_data_plot.html
diff --git a/capstone/environmental_unbiased_data_plot.html b/capstone/environmental_unbiased_data_plot.html
diff --git a/capstone/ethnic_biased_data_plot.html b/capstone/ethnic_biased_data_plot.html
diff --git a/capstone/ethnic_unbiased_data_plot.html b/capstone/ethnic_unbiased_data_plot.html
diff --git a/capstone/eugenic-beginnings.css b/capstone/eugenic-beginnings.css
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+p {
+    margin: 0; /* Remove all margins */
+    padding: 0; /* Remove all padding */
+    line-height: 1.8; /* Keep readability */
+}
+
+/* Global Reset */
+* {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+/* General Body Styling */
+body {
+    font-family: 'Avenir', sans-serif;
+    font-size: 17px;
+    line-height: 1.6;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    background-color: #f9f9f9;
+}
+
+/* Header Styling */
+header {
+    text-align: center;
+    padding: 40px 20px 20px 20px;
+    color: #001f3f;
+    background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 2.5em;
+    margin: 0;
+    font-weight: 400;
+}
+
+/* Content Section */
+.content-section {
+    max-width: 900px;
+    margin: 20px auto;
+    padding: 20px;
+    text-align: justify;
+}
+
+/* Paragraph Styling */
+.content-section p {
+    margin-bottom: 15px; /* Ensures consistent spacing between paragraphs */
+    line-height: 1.8; /* Maintains good readability */
+}
+
+/* Image Styling */
+.image-centered {
+    text-align: center;
+    margin: 20px 0;
+}
+
+.eugenics-tree-image,
+.kantsaywhere-image {
+    max-width: 100%;
+    height: auto;
+    border: 1px solid #001f3f;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    margin: 20px auto;
+    display: block;
+}
+
+.image-caption {
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.7);
+    text-align: center;
+    margin-top: 10px;
+}
+
+/* Footer Styling */
+footer {
+    text-align: center;
+    padding: 25px;
+    background-color: #f1f1f1;
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.8);
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+footer p {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+/* Link Styling */
+a {
+    color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+    text-decoration: none;
+    transition: color 0.3s ease;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+    color: #1e90ff;
+}
diff --git a/capstone/eugenic-beginnings.html b/capstone/eugenic-beginnings.html
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Francis Galton and the Origins of Eugenics</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="eugenic-beginnings.css">
+    <style>
+        /* Global Reset */
+        * {
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 0;
+            box-sizing: border-box;
+        }
+
+        body {
+            font-family: 'Avenir', sans-serif;
+            font-size: 17px;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+            background-color: #f9f9f9;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 0;
+        }
+
+        header {
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 40px 20px;
+            color: #001f3f;
+            background-color: transparent;
+        }
+
+        h1 {
+            font-size: 2.5em;
+            margin: 0;
+            font-weight: 400;
+        }
+
+        .content-section {
+            max-width: 900px;
+            margin: 20px auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            text-align: justify;
+        }
+
+        .content-section p {
+            margin-bottom: 15px; /* Spacing between paragraphs */
+            line-height: 1.8;
+        }
+
+        .image-centered {
+            text-align: center;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+
+        .eugenics-tree-image,
+        .kantsaywhere-image {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+            border: 1px solid #001f3f;
+            border-radius: 5px;
+            margin: 10px auto;
+            display: block;
+        }
+
+        .image-caption {
+            font-size: 0.9em;
+            color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.7);
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-top: 5px;
+        }
+
+        footer {
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 25px;
+            background-color: #f1f1f1;
+            color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.8);
+            font-size: 0.9em;
+        }
+
+        footer p {
+            margin: 0;
+        }
+
+        a {
+            color: rgba(0, 31, 63, 0.85);
+            text-decoration: none;
+            transition: color 0.3s ease;
+        }
+
+        a:hover {
+            color: #1e90ff;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+    <header>
+        <h1>Eugenic Beginnings and Galton's Legacy</h1>
+    </header>
+
+    <section class="content-section">
+        <p>
+            At the Second International Eugenics Congress in 1921, held at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, a striking symbol stood at the center of the event: the "Eugenics Tree." Its roots were labeled with disciplines like genetics, statistics, and sociology, while its branches stretched toward an imagined "harmonious entity." The tree’s design proclaimed a vision of humanity perfected through the scientific categorization and manipulation of populations. Yet, conspicuously absent from its roots was perhaps the most essential discipline: philosophy. Without philosophy to question the premises of categorization—to ask “why” before “how”—this symbolic tree leaned heavily on technical tools that simplified human complexity, treating populations as subjects to be molded rather than understood.
+        </p>
+        <div class="image-centered">
+            <img src="eugenics-tree.jpg" alt="Eugenics Tree" class="eugenics-tree-image">
+            <p class="image-caption">The Eugenics Tree, symbolizing the "self-direction of human evolution" at the Second International Eugenics Congress.</p>
+        </div>
+        <p>
+            The tree’s structure reflects the legacy of Francis Galton, the founder of eugenics and a pioneer in statistical methodologies. Galton wasn’t satisfied with merely studying variation; he sought to engineer it. Techniques like regression and correlation, which he helped develop, became more than methods for understanding patterns; they evolved into instruments for ranking traits and assigning value to groups. Intelligence, “fitness,” productivity—metrics that, while appearing scientific, were infused with Galton’s personal biases and societal prejudices.
+        </p>
+        <div class="image-centered">
+            <img src="kantsaywhere.png" alt="Page from Galton's Kantsaywhere Manuscript" class="kantsaywhere-image">
+            <p class="image-caption">A page from Galton's manuscript of <em>Kantsaywhere</em>, reflecting his ideas on "racial fitness."</p>
+        </div>
+        <p>
+            Galton’s unpublished utopian novel, <em>Kantsaywhere</em>, exposes the ethos behind his work. In this imagined society, strict hierarchies dictated who could reproduce, enforcing rigid ideas of worthiness. “They think much more of the race than the individual,” he wrote, reflecting his belief in collective categorizations over individual autonomy. This philosophy dehumanized people, reducing their value to statistical traits that fit a grand, calculated plan.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The tools Galton pioneered remain central to modern data analysis. Regression and correlation—originally devised to support his eugenic vision—are now fundamental to disciplines ranging from medicine to artificial intelligence. The methods have changed, but the premise of grouping individuals into aggregates persists, shaping how we interpret and act upon data.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The "Eugenics Tree" serves as a powerful reminder. While statistical methods are not inherently harmful, their application carries significant risks. When used uncritically, they can reinforce biases, erase individuality, and perpetuate systems of exclusion. Galton’s legacy highlights both the potential and the peril of these tools, urging us to scrutinize how and why we use them.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The following pages critically examine these methods, illustrating how their application in grouping people distorts science’s aims and reinforces harmful categorizations. <a href='/magnetic-regression.html'>Continue reading: Magnetic Regression</a>.
+        </p>
+    </section>
+
+    <footer>
+        <p>&copy; 2024 Colin Geraghty. All rights reserved.</p>
+    </footer>
+
+</body>
+</html>