Extend functionality for working with codes.

[pehamTom]

Description

This PR extends QECCs capabilities for working with stabilizer codes. The following features are planned:

• Refactor Pauli operator and symplectic vector functionality
• Add more codes and unify their creation
  • Quantum Hamming Codes
  • Bring Code
  • Many-Hypercube Code
• Add support for code concatenation

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 93.23308% with 27 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 88.4%. Comparing base (ef25257) to head (5cc9bf5).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/qecc/codes/concatenation.py	84.5%	13 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/pauli.py	93.6%	8 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/stabilizer_code.py	94.9%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/symplectic.py	96.2%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #288     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   88.1%   88.4%   +0.3%     
=======================================
  Files         53      57      +4     
  Lines       4834    5113    +279     
  Branches     372     372             
=======================================
+ Hits        4259    4521    +262     
- Misses       575     592     +17     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	83.8% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 46a7a44
python	90.6% <93.2%> (+0.2%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qecc/codes/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/constructions.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/css_code.py	92.7% <100.0%> (+5.2%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/stabilizer_code.py	94.8% <94.9%> (-0.9%)	⬇️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/symplectic.py	96.2% <96.2%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/pauli.py	93.6% <93.6%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/concatenation.py	84.5% <84.5%> (ø)

---- 🚨 Try these New Features:

• Flaky Tests Detection - Detect and resolve failed and flaky tests