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Document weird behavior of duplicate definitions in imports
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casey committed Dec 22, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -3492,9 +3492,39 @@ and recipes defined after the `import` statement.
Imported files can themselves contain `import`s, which are processed
recursively.

When `allow-duplicate-recipes` is set, recipes in parent modules override
recipes in imports. In a similar manner, when `allow-duplicate-variables` is
set, variables in parent modules override variables in imports.
`allow-duplicate-recipes` and `allow-duplicate-variables` allow duplicate
recipes and variables, respectively, to override each other, instead of
producing an error.

Within a module, later definitions override earlier definitions:

```just
set allow-duplicate-recipes
foo:
foo:
echo 'yes'
```

When `import`s are involved, things unfortunately get much more complicated and
hard to explain.

Shallower definitions always override deeper definitions, so recipes at the top
level will override recipes in imports, and recipes in an import will override
recipes in an import which itself imports those recipes.

When two duplicate definitions are imported and are at the same depth, the one
from the earlier import will override the one from the later import.

This is because `just` uses a stack when processing imports, pushing imports
onto the stack in source-order, and always processing the top of the stack
next, so earlier imports are actually handled later by the compiler.

This is definitely a bug, but since `just` has very strong backwards
compatibility guarantees and we take enormous pains not to break anyone's
`justfile`, we have created issue #2540 to discuss whether or not we can
actually fix it.

Imports may be made optional by putting a `?` after the `import` keyword:

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