Add temporal metrics; add temporal versions of MajajHong2015

brainscore_vision/benchmarks/majajhong2015/__init__.py

@@ -11,3 +11,8 @@
 
 benchmark_registry['MajajHong2015public.V4-pls'] = MajajHongV4PublicBenchmark
 benchmark_registry['MajajHong2015public.IT-pls'] = MajajHongITPublicBenchmark
+
+# temporal
+from .benchmark import MajajHongV4TemporalPublicBenchmark, MajajHongITTemporalPublicBenchmark
+benchmark_registry['MajajHong2015public.V4-temporal-pls'] = lambda: MajajHongV4TemporalPublicBenchmark(time_interval=10)
+benchmark_registry['MajajHong2015public.IT-temporal-pls'] = lambda: MajajHongITTemporalPublicBenchmark(time_interval=10)

brainscore_vision/benchmarks/majajhong2015/benchmark.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from brainscore_core import Metric
 
 from brainscore_vision import load_metric, Ceiling, load_ceiling, load_dataset
-from brainscore_vision.benchmark_helpers.neural_common import NeuralBenchmark, average_repetition
+from brainscore_vision.benchmark_helpers.neural_common import NeuralBenchmark, average_repetition, apply_keep_attrs
+from brainscore_vision.model_helpers.brain_transformation.temporal import assembly_time_align
 
 VISUAL_DEGREES = 8
 NUMBER_OF_TRIALS = 50
@@ -20,13 +21,14 @@
             eprint = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/39/13402.full.pdf},
             journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}}"""
 
-pls_metric = lambda: load_metric('pls', crossvalidation_kwargs=dict(stratification_coord='object_name'))
-
+crossvalidation_kwargs = dict(stratification_coord='object_name')
+pls_metric = lambda: load_metric('pls', crossvalidation_kwargs=crossvalidation_kwargs)
+spantime_pls_metric = lambda: load_metric('spantime_pls', crossvalidation_kwargs=crossvalidation_kwargs)
 
 def _DicarloMajajHong2015Region(region: str, access: str, identifier_metric_suffix: str,
-                                similarity_metric: Metric, ceiler: Ceiling):
-    assembly_repetition = load_assembly(average_repetitions=False, region=region, access=access)
-    assembly = load_assembly(average_repetitions=True, region=region, access=access)
+                                similarity_metric: Metric, ceiler: Ceiling, time_interval: float = None):
+    assembly_repetition = load_assembly(average_repetitions=False, region=region, access=access, time_interval=time_interval)
+    assembly = load_assembly(average_repetitions=True, region=region, access=access, time_interval=time_interval)
     benchmark_identifier = f'MajajHong2015.{region}' + ('.public' if access == 'public' else '')
     return NeuralBenchmark(identifier=f'{benchmark_identifier}-{identifier_metric_suffix}', version=3,
                            assembly=assembly, similarity_metric=similarity_metric,
@@ -60,13 +62,35 @@ def MajajHongITPublicBenchmark():
                                        ceiler=load_ceiling('internal_consistency'))
 
 
-def load_assembly(average_repetitions, region, access='private'):
-    assembly = load_dataset(f'MajajHong2015.{access}')
+def MajajHongV4TemporalPublicBenchmark(time_interval: float = None):
+    return _DicarloMajajHong2015Region(region='V4', access='public', identifier_metric_suffix='pls',
+                                       similarity_metric=spantime_pls_metric(), time_interval=time_interval,
+                                       ceiler=load_ceiling('pertime_internal_consistency'))
+
+
+def MajajHongITTemporalPublicBenchmark(time_interval: float = None):
+    return _DicarloMajajHong2015Region(region='IT', access='public', identifier_metric_suffix='pls',
+                                       similarity_metric=spantime_pls_metric(), time_interval=time_interval,
+                                       ceiler=load_ceiling('pertime_internal_consistency'))
+
+
+def load_assembly(average_repetitions: bool, region: str, access: str = 'private', time_interval: float = None):
+    temporal = time_interval is not None
+    if not temporal:
+        assembly = load_dataset(f'MajajHong2015.{access}')
+        assembly = assembly.squeeze("time_bin")
+    else:
+        assembly = load_dataset(f'MajajHong2015.temporal.{access}')
+        assembly = assembly.__class__(assembly)
+        target_time_bins = [
+            (t, t+time_interval) for t in range(0, assembly.time_bin_end.max().item()-time_interval, time_interval)
+        ]
+        assembly = apply_keep_attrs(assembly, lambda assembly: assembly_time_align(assembly, target_time_bins))
+
     assembly = assembly.sel(region=region)
     assembly['region'] = 'neuroid', [region] * len(assembly['neuroid'])
-    assembly = assembly.squeeze("time_bin")
     assembly.load()
-    assembly = assembly.transpose('presentation', 'neuroid')
+    assembly = assembly.transpose('presentation', 'neuroid', ...)
     if average_repetitions:
         assembly = average_repetition(assembly)
     return assembly

brainscore_vision/metric_helpers/temporal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import xarray as xr
+import numpy as np
+
+from brainscore_vision.benchmark_helpers.neural_common import Score
+from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.transformations import standard_error_of_the_mean
+
+from .xarray_utils import apply_over_dims, recursive_op
+
+
+# take the mean of scores (medians of single neuron scores) over time
+
+
+def average_over_presentation(score: Score) -> Score:
+    raw = score
+    score = raw.mean('presentation')
+    score.attrs['raw'] = raw
+    return score
+
+
+# PerOps is applied to every slice/chunk of the xarray along the specified dimensions
+class PerOps:
+    def __init__(self, callable, dims, check_coords=[]):
+        # for coordinate checking, they are supposed to be the same across assemblies
+        self.dims = dims
+        self.callable = callable
+        self.check_coords = check_coords
+
+    def __call__(self, *asms):
+        for check_coord in self.check_coords:
+            asms = [asm.sortby(check_coord) for asm in asms]
+            for asm in asms[1:]:
+                assert (asm[check_coord].values == asms[0][check_coord].values).all()
+        ret = apply_over_dims(self.callable, *asms, dims=self.dims)
+        return ret
+
+
+# SpanOps aggregates specified dimensions to one dimension
+class SpanOps:
+    def __init__(self, callable, source_dims, aggregated_dim, resample=False):
+        # if resample, randomly choose samples from the aggregated dimension,
+        # whose size is the same as the assembly.sizes[aggregated_dim]
+        self.source_dims = source_dims
+        self.aggregated_dim = aggregated_dim
+        self.callable = callable
+        self.resample = resample
+
+    def __call__(self, *asms):
+        asms = [self._stack(asm) for asm in asms]
+        return self.callable(*asms)
+
+    def _stack(self, assembly):
+        assembly_type = type(assembly)
+        size = assembly.sizes[self.aggregated_dim]
+        assembly = xr.DataArray(assembly)  # xarray cannot deal with stacking MultiIndex (pydata/xarray#1554)
+        assembly = assembly.reset_index(self.source_dims)
+        assembly = assembly.rename({dim:dim+"_" for dim in self.source_dims})  # we'll call stacked timebins "presentation"
+        assembly = assembly.stack({self.aggregated_dim : [dim+"_" for dim in self.source_dims]})
+        if self.resample:
+            indices = np.random.randint(0, assembly.sizes[self.aggregated_dim], size)
+            assembly = assembly.isel({self.aggregated_dim: indices})
+        return assembly_type(assembly)
+
+class PerTime(PerOps):
+    def __init__(self, callable, time_dim="time_bin", check_coord="time_bin_start", **kwargs):
+        self.time_bin = time_dim
+        super().__init__(callable, dims=[time_dim], check_coords=[check_coord], **kwargs)
+
+class PerPresentation(PerOps):
+    def __init__(self, callable, presentation_dim="presentation", check_coord="stimulus_id", **kwargs):
+        self.presentation_dim = presentation_dim
+        super().__init__(callable, dims=[presentation_dim], check_coords=[check_coord], **kwargs)
+
+class PerNeuroid(PerOps):
+    def __init__(self, callable, neuroid_dim="neuroid", check_coord="neuroid_id", **kwargs):
+        self.neuroid_dim = neuroid_dim
+        super().__init__(callable, dims=[neuroid_dim], check_coords=[check_coord], **kwargs)
+
+class SpanTime(SpanOps):
+    def __init__(self, callable, time_dim="time_bin", presentation_dim="presentation", resample=False):
+        self.time_dim = time_dim
+        self.presentation_dim = presentation_dim
+        source_dims = [self.time_dim, self.presentation_dim]
+        aggregated_dim = self.presentation_dim
+        super().__init__(callable, source_dims, aggregated_dim, resample=resample)
+
+class SpanTimeRegression:
+    """
+    Fits a regression with weights shared across the time bins.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, regression):
+        self._regression = regression
+
+    def fit(self, source, target):
+        assert (source['time_bin'].values == target['time_bin'].values).all()
+        SpanTime(self._regression.fit)(source, target)
+
+    def predict(self, source):
+        return PerTime(self._regression.predict)(source)
+
+class PerTimeRegression:
+    """
+    Fits a regression with different weights for each time bins.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, regression):
+        self._regression = regression
+
+    def fit(self, source, target):
+        # Lazy fit until predict
+        assert (source['time_bin'].values == target['time_bin'].values).all()
+        self._train_source = source
+        self._train_target = target
+
+    def predict(self, source):
+        def fit_predict(train_source, train_target, test_source):
+            self._regression.fit(train_source, train_target)
+            return self._regression.predict(test_source)
+        return PerTime(fit_predict)(self._train_source, self._train_target, source)

brainscore_vision/metric_helpers/xarray_utils.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
+import xarray as xr
 
 from brainio.assemblies import NeuroidAssembly, array_is_element, walk_coords
 from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers import Defaults
@@ -90,3 +91,61 @@ def __call__(self, prediction, target):
                                for coord, dims, values in walk_coords(target) if dims == neuroid_dims},
                        dims=neuroid_dims)
         return result
+
+
+# ops that also applies to attrs (and attrs of attrs), which are xarrays
+def recursive_op(*arrs, op=lambda x:x):
+    # the attrs structure of each arr must be the same
+    val = op(*arrs)
+    attrs = arrs[0].attrs
+    for attr in attrs:
+        attr_val = arrs[0].attrs[attr]
+        if isinstance(attr_val, xr.DataArray):
+            attr_arrs = [arr.attrs[attr] for arr in arrs]
+            attr_val = recursive_op(*attr_arrs, op=op)
+        val.attrs[attr] = attr_val
+    return val
+
+
+# apply a callable to every slice of the xarray along the specified dimensions
+def apply_over_dims(callable, *asms, dims, njobs=-1):
+    asms = [asm.transpose(*dims, ...) for asm in asms]
+    sizes = [asms[0].sizes[dim] for dim in dims]
+
+    def apply_helper(sizes, dims, *asms):
+        xarr = []
+        attrs = {}
+        size = sizes[0]
+        rsizes = sizes[1:]
+        dim = dims[0]
+        rdims = dims[1:]
+
+        if len(sizes) == 1:
+            # parallel execution on the last applied dimension
+            from joblib import Parallel, delayed
+            results = Parallel(n_jobs=njobs)(delayed(callable)(*[asm.isel({dim:s}) for asm in asms]) for s in range(size))
+        else:
+            results = []
+            for s in range(size):
+                arr = apply_helper(rsizes, rdims, *[asm.isel({dim:s}) for asm in asms])
+                results.append(arr)
+
+        for arr in results:
+            if arr is not None:
+                for k,v in arr.attrs.items():
+                    assert isinstance(v, xr.DataArray)
+                    attrs.setdefault(k, []).append(v.expand_dims(dim))
+                xarr.append(arr)
+
+        if not xarr:
+            return
+        else:
+            xarr = xr.concat(xarr, dim=dim)
+            attrs = {k: xr.concat(vs, dim=dim) for k,vs in attrs.items()}
+            xarr.coords[dim] = asms[0].coords[dim]
+            for k,v in attrs.items():
+                attrs[k].coords[dim] = asms[0].coords[dim]
+                xarr.attrs[k] = attrs[k]
+            return xarr
+
+    return apply_helper(sizes, dims, *asms)

brainscore_vision/metrics/internal_consistency/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 from brainscore_vision import metric_registry
 from .ceiling import InternalConsistency
 
+from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.temporal import PerTime
+
+
 metric_registry['internal_consistency'] = InternalConsistency
+metric_registry['internal_consistency_temporal'] = lambda *args, **kwargs: PerTime(InternalConsistency(*args, **kwargs))

brainscore_vision/metrics/regression_correlation/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@
 metric_registry['linear_predictivity'] = lambda *args, **kwargs: CrossRegressedCorrelation(
     regression=linear_regression(), correlation=pearsonr_correlation(), *args, **kwargs)
 
+# temporal metrics
+from .metric import SpanTimeCrossRegressedCorrelation
+
+metric_registry['spantime_pls'] = lambda *args, **kwargs: SpanTimeCrossRegressedCorrelation(
+  regression=pls_regression(), correlation=pearsonr_correlation(), *args, **kwargs)
+metric_registry['spantime_ridge'] = lambda *args, **kwargs: SpanTimeCrossRegressedCorrelation(
+  regression=ridge_regression(), correlation=pearsonr_correlation(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+
 BIBTEX = """@article{schrimpf2018brain,
   title={Brain-score: Which artificial neural network for object recognition is most brain-like?},
   author={Schrimpf, Martin and Kubilius, Jonas and Hong, Ha and Majaj, Najib J and Rajalingham, Rishi and Issa, Elias B and Kar, Kohitij and Bashivan, Pouya and Prescott-Roy, Jonathan and Geiger, Franziska and others},

brainscore_vision/metrics/regression_correlation/metric.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 from brainscore_core.metrics import Metric, Score
 from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.transformations import CrossValidation
 from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.xarray_utils import XarrayRegression, XarrayCorrelation
+from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.temporal import SpanTimeRegression, PerTime
 
 
 class CrossRegressedCorrelation(Metric):
@@ -65,6 +66,15 @@ def predict(self, X):
         return Ypred
 
 
+# make the crc to consider time as a sample dimension
+def SpanTimeCrossRegressedCorrelation(regression, correlation, *args, **kwargs):
+    return CrossRegressedCorrelation(
+                regression=SpanTimeRegression(regression), 
+                correlation=PerTime(correlation), 
+                *args, **kwargs
+            )    
+
+
 def pls_regression(regression_kwargs=None, xarray_kwargs=None):
     regression_defaults = dict(n_components=25, scale=False)
     regression_kwargs = {**regression_defaults, **(regression_kwargs or {})}

tests/test_metric_helpers/test_temporal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats
+from pytest import approx
+from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
+
+from brainio.assemblies import NeuroidAssembly
+from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.xarray_utils import XarrayRegression, XarrayCorrelation
+from brainscore_vision.metric_helpers.temporal import PerTime, SpanTime, PerTimeRegression, SpanTimeRegression
+
+
+class TestMetricHelpers:
+    def test_pertime_ops(self):
+        jumbled_source = NeuroidAssembly(np.random.rand(500, 10, 20),
+                                         coords={'stimulus_id': ('presentation', list(reversed(range(500)))),
+                                                 'image_meta': ('presentation', [0] * 500),
+                                                 'neuroid_id': ('neuroid', list(reversed(range(10)))),
+                                                 'neuroid_meta': ('neuroid', [0] * 10),
+                                                 'time_bin_start': ('time_bin', np.arange(0, 400, 20)),
+                                                 'time_bin_end': ('time_bin', np.arange(20, 420, 20))},
+                                         dims=['presentation', 'neuroid', 'time_bin'])
+        mean_neuroid = lambda arr: arr.mean('neuroid')
+        pertime_mean_neuroid = PerTime(mean_neuroid)
+        output = pertime_mean_neuroid(jumbled_source)
+        output = output.transpose('presentation', 'time_bin')
+        target = jumbled_source.transpose('presentation', 'time_bin', 'neuroid').mean('neuroid')
+        assert (output == approx(target)).all().item()
+
+    def test_spantime_ops(self):
+        jumbled_source = NeuroidAssembly(np.random.rand(500, 10, 20),
+                                         coords={'stimulus_id': ('presentation', list(reversed(range(500)))),
+                                                 'image_meta': ('presentation', [0] * 500),
+                                                 'neuroid_id': ('neuroid', list(reversed(range(10)))),
+                                                 'neuroid_meta': ('neuroid', [0] * 10),
+                                                 'time_bin_start': ('time_bin', np.arange(0, 400, 20)),
+                                                 'time_bin_end': ('time_bin', np.arange(20, 420, 20))},
+                                         dims=['presentation', 'neuroid', 'time_bin'])
+        mean_presentation = lambda arr: arr.mean("presentation")
+        spantime_mean_presentation = SpanTime(mean_presentation)
+        output = spantime_mean_presentation(jumbled_source)
+        output = output.transpose('neuroid')
+        target = jumbled_source.transpose('presentation', 'time_bin', 'neuroid').mean('presentation').mean('time_bin')
+        assert (output == approx(target)).all().item()
+
+    def test_pertime_regression(self):
+        jumbled_source = NeuroidAssembly(np.random.rand(500, 10, 20),
+                                         coords={'stimulus_id': ('presentation', list(reversed(range(500)))),
+                                                 'image_meta': ('presentation', [0] * 500),
+                                                 'neuroid_id': ('neuroid', list(reversed(range(10)))),
+                                                 'neuroid_meta': ('neuroid', [0] * 10),
+                                                 'time_bin_start': ('time_bin', np.arange(0, 400, 20)),
+                                                 'time_bin_end': ('time_bin', np.arange(20, 420, 20))},
+                                         dims=['presentation', 'neuroid', 'time_bin'])
+        target = jumbled_source.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id'])
+        pertime_regression = PerTimeRegression(XarrayRegression(LinearRegression()))
+        pertime_regression.fit(jumbled_source, target)
+        prediction = pertime_regression.predict(jumbled_source)
+        prediction = prediction.transpose(*target.dims)
+        # do not test for alignment of metadata - it is only important that the data is well-aligned with the metadata.
+        np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(prediction.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id', 'time_bin']).values,
+                                             target.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id', 'time_bin']).values)
+
+
+    def test_spantime_regression(self):
+        jumbled_source = NeuroidAssembly(np.random.rand(500, 10, 20),
+                                         coords={'stimulus_id': ('presentation', list(reversed(range(500)))),
+                                                 'image_meta': ('presentation', [0] * 500),
+                                                 'neuroid_id': ('neuroid', list(reversed(range(10)))),
+                                                 'neuroid_meta': ('neuroid', [0] * 10),
+                                                 'time_bin_start': ('time_bin', np.arange(0, 400, 20)),
+                                                 'time_bin_end': ('time_bin', np.arange(20, 420, 20))},
+                                         dims=['presentation', 'neuroid', 'time_bin'])
+        target = jumbled_source.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id'])
+        spantime_regression = SpanTimeRegression(XarrayRegression(LinearRegression()))
+        spantime_regression.fit(jumbled_source, target)
+        prediction = spantime_regression.predict(jumbled_source)
+        prediction = prediction.transpose(*target.dims)
+        # do not test for alignment of metadata - it is only important that the data is well-aligned with the metadata.
+        np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(prediction.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id', 'time_bin']).values,
+                                             target.sortby(['stimulus_id', 'neuroid_id', 'time_bin']).values)
+