[SM-1413] Resolve Concurrency Issues in C FFI

[coltonhurst]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/SM-1413

📔 Objective

The Issue

Through the C FFI, we were running into concurrency issues with multiple Tokio runtimes.

A draft PR showing the concurrency issue with instructions can be found here.

The Fix

This PR fixes this issue for bitwarden-c and bitwarden-py, by preserving the runtime. Thanks @dani-garcia for the fix and working together on this one!

Extra

This also refactors the AccessTokenLogin type as a follow up for testing purposes for Go as initiated by this PR.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation
  team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 347cdae5-da1f-4e3a-b762-a7fdc0e8837f

No New Or Fixed Issues Found

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 22 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 58.01%. Comparing base (5149ec3) to head (899820a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/bitwarden-c/src/c.rs	0.00%	15 Missing ⚠️
crates/bitwarden-py/src/client.rs	0.00%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #981      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   58.04%   58.01%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         197      197              
  Lines       13633    13640       +7     
==========================================
  Hits         7913     7913              
- Misses       5720     5727       +7     

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[coltonhurst]

For posterity:

Going to merge to main, received internal approval to merge as this can be more easily tested by QA when the other integration and binding update PR's come through. This will happen soon as we will not publish until these are merged 😊

It has been tested though by @dani-garcia and I. Both the Go concurrency issues and the Python binding are confirmed to be working.