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Add docs comparing Airflow and dbt concepts (#523)
Recently @ReadytoRocc suggested we had documentation comparing dbt and Airflow concepts. This PR aims to address this gap.
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.. _dbt-airflow-concepts: | ||
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Similar dbt & Airflow concepts | ||
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While dbt is an open source tool for data transformations and analysis, using SQL, Airflow focuses on being a platform | ||
for the development, scheduling and monitoring of batch-oriented workflows, using Python. Although both tools have many | ||
differences, they also share similar concepts. | ||
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This page aims to list some of these concepts and help those | ||
who may be new to Airflow or dbt and are considering to use Cosmos. | ||
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+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Airflow naming | dbt naming | Description | Differences | References | | ||
+================+==============+=================================================================================+=============================================================================+======================================================================================+ | ||
| DAG | Workflow | Pipeline (Direct Acyclic Graph) that contains a group of steps | Airflow expects upstream tasks to have passed to run downstream tasks. | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/2.7.1/core-concepts/dags.html | | ||
| | | | dbt can run a subset of tasks assuming upstream tasks were run. | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/introduction | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Task | Node | Step within a pipeline (DAG or workflow) | In dbt, these are usually transformations that run on a remote database. | https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/node-selection/syntax | | ||
| | | | In Airflow, steps can be anything, running locally in Airflow or remotely. | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/2.7.1/core-concepts/tasks.html | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Language | Language | Programming or declarative language used to define pipelines and steps. | In dbt, users write SQL, YML and Python to define the steps of a pipeline. | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/introduction#dbt-optimizes-your-workflow | | ||
| | | | Airflow expects steps and pipelines are written in Python. | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/public-airflow-interface.html | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Variables | Variables | Key-value configuration that can be used in steps and avoids hard-coded values | | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/build/project-variables | | ||
| | | | | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/2.7.1/core-concepts/variables.html | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Templating | Macros | Jinja templating used to access variables, configuration and reference steps | dbt encourages using jinja templating for control structures (if and for). | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/build/jinja-macros | | ||
| | | | Native in Airflow/Python, used to define variables, macros and filters. | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/templates-ref.html | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Connection | Profile | Configuration to connect to databases or other services | | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/howto/connection.html | | ||
| | | | | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/core/connect-data-platform/connection-profiles | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Providers | Adapter | Additional Python libraries that support specific databases or services | | https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow-providers/ | | ||
| | | | | https://docs.getdbt.com/guides/dbt-ecosystem/adapter-development/1-what-are-adapters | | ||
+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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