HADOOP-19324. Publish hadoop image to GitHub Container Registry

[adoroszlai]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Create GitHub Actions workflow to publish the apache/hadoop Docker image to GitHub Container Registry.

Image is tagged based on branch name, e.g. docker-hadoop-X.Y is tagged as X.Y.

Pull request only triggers build (for CI), but image is not published.

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-19324

How was this patch tested?

push to branch docker-hadoop-HADOOP-19324 in my fork:
https://github.com/adoroszlai/hadoop/actions/runs/11653596931

has built the image and tagged it as HADOOP-19324:
https://github.com/adoroszlai/hadoop/pkgs/container/hadoop/299542238?tag=HADOOP-19324

$ docker run -it --rm ghcr.io/adoroszlai/hadoop:HADOOP-19324 hadoop version
...
Status: Downloaded newer image for ghcr.io/adoroszlai/hadoop:HADOOP-19324
Hadoop 3.4.1
...