[CLIENT-3106] Refactor aerospike module initialization code and check if error indicator is set after every C-API call

[juliannguyen4]

Extra changes:

• Consolidate all aerospike module constants into the same file and list
• Remove aerospike_log_level enum because an enum already exists in C client's common submodule
• Remove aerospike module state since the module itself already has the same members as Python attributes. No reason to store them twice as Python attributes and in the module state

TODO

• Massif memory usage looks ok
• No Valgrind memory errors
• Build artifacts passes (with exception to noise)
• Time performance looks good

# this branch
(.venv) jnguyen@Aerospikes-MacBook-Pro-4 dist % python3 -m timeit -n 50000 "import aerospike"
50000 loops, best of 5: 73.9 nsec per loop
# 15.1.0
(.venv) jnguyen@Aerospikes-MacBook-Pro-4 dist % python3 -m timeit -n 50000 "import aerospike"
50000 loops, best of 5: 73.7 nsec per loop

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 69.23077% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.89%. Comparing base (d1e7bc2) to head (216969f).
Report is 14 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/aerospike.c	68.42%	12 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #667      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.96%   80.89%   -0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         100      100              
  Lines       15130    15053      -77     
==========================================
- Hits        12250    12177      -73     
+ Misses       2880     2876       -4     

Flag	Coverage Δ
	80.89% <69.23%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[dwelch-spike]

Just a few double check questions. After you have had a look this LGTM

[dwelch-spike]

LGTM