Support >2GB of Tensor data in training checkpoint (microsoft#20077)

### Description
<!-- Describe your changes. -->
Add ability to store initializer data in an external file.
Update training checkpoint code to use external file if data > ~2GB.

I don't see a way for the flatbuffers 64-bit offsets to be used, as they
don't support storing 'table' types with 64-bit offsets (and our Tensor
is a 'table' type not a simple struct).


https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/blob/0cfb7eb80b05c058e19e50fb575263908e601469/tests/64bit/test_64bit.fbs#L38-L39

Allowing a Tensor to have its raw_data in an external file should
hopefully work with the least friction. As it's an extra field it's
backwards compatible.

Please feel free to suggest alternative approaches. 

Side note: the diffs in the generated *.fbs.h files are unexpectedly
large. Maybe they weren't re-generated when the new flatbuffers version
was checked in. I updated by running:
`python .\compile_schema.py -f <build output
dir>\_deps\flatbuffers-build\Debug\flatc.exe`
from onnxruntime\core\flatbuffers\schema which I thought was the correct
way but maybe that's out of date.

I think you can ignore all the diffs in the generated files and just
worry about the changes to the .fbs files in
onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/schema. Basically start at the bottom of
the files changed and work up as all the 'real' diffs are there.

### Motivation and Context
<!-- - Why is this change required? What problem does it solve?
- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here. -->

---------

Co-authored-by: carzh <[email protected]>

.lintrunner.toml

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ exclude_patterns = [
     'js/**',
     'onnxruntime/contrib_ops/cuda/bert/tensorrt_fused_multihead_attention/**', # Contains data chunks
     'onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/schema/*.fbs.h', # Generated code
+    'onnxruntime/test/flatbuffers/*.fbs.h', # Generated code
     'onnxruntime/core/graph/contrib_ops/quantization_defs.cc',
     'onnxruntime/core/mlas/**', # Contains assembly code
     'onnxruntime/core/mickey/cutlass_ext/**', # CUTLASS lib recommends NO automatic code formatting

cmake/onnxruntime_unittests.cmake

@@ -250,11 +250,16 @@ file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_common_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
   "${TEST_SRC_DIR}/common/logging/*.h"
 )
 
-file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_quantiztion_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
+file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_quantization_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
   "${TEST_SRC_DIR}/quantization/*.cc"
   "${TEST_SRC_DIR}/quantization/*.h"
 )
 
+file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_flatbuffers_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
+  "${TEST_SRC_DIR}/flatbuffers/*.cc"
+  "${TEST_SRC_DIR}/flatbuffers/*.h"
+)
+
 if(NOT onnxruntime_MINIMAL_BUILD AND NOT onnxruntime_REDUCED_OPS_BUILD)
 
   file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_ir_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
@@ -767,7 +772,8 @@ if(NOT IOS)
 endif()
 
 set(all_tests ${onnxruntime_test_common_src} ${onnxruntime_test_ir_src} ${onnxruntime_test_optimizer_src}
-        ${onnxruntime_test_framework_src} ${onnxruntime_test_providers_src} ${onnxruntime_test_quantiztion_src})
+        ${onnxruntime_test_framework_src} ${onnxruntime_test_providers_src} ${onnxruntime_test_quantization_src}
+        ${onnxruntime_test_flatbuffers_src})
 
 if (onnxruntime_ENABLE_CUDA_EP_INTERNAL_TESTS)
   file(GLOB onnxruntime_test_providers_cuda_ut_src CONFIGURE_DEPENDS

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/flatbuffers_utils.cc

@@ -315,5 +315,4 @@ bool IsOrtFormatModelBytes(const void* bytes, int num_bytes) {
   return num_bytes > 8 &&  // check buffer is large enough to contain identifier so we don't read random memory
          fbs::InferenceSessionBufferHasIdentifier(bytes);
 }
-
 }  // namespace onnxruntime::fbs::utils

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/ArgType.py

@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@
 class ArgType(object):
     INPUT = 0
     OUTPUT = 1
-

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/ArgTypeAndIndex.py

@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ class ArgTypeAndIndex(object):
     __slots__ = ['_tab']
 
     @classmethod
-    def GetRootAsArgTypeAndIndex(cls, buf, offset):
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
         n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
         x = ArgTypeAndIndex()
         x.Init(buf, n + offset)
         return x
 
     @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsArgTypeAndIndex(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    @classmethod
     def ArgTypeAndIndexBufferHasIdentifier(cls, buf, offset, size_prefixed=False):
         return flatbuffers.util.BufferHasIdentifier(buf, offset, b"\x4F\x52\x54\x4D", size_prefixed=size_prefixed)
 
@@ -38,7 +42,26 @@ def Index(self):
             return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Uint32Flags, o + self._tab.Pos)
         return 0
 
-def ArgTypeAndIndexStart(builder): builder.StartObject(2)
-def ArgTypeAndIndexAddArgType(builder, argType): builder.PrependInt8Slot(0, argType, 0)
-def ArgTypeAndIndexAddIndex(builder, index): builder.PrependUint32Slot(1, index, 0)
-def ArgTypeAndIndexEnd(builder): return builder.EndObject()
+def ArgTypeAndIndexStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(2)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    ArgTypeAndIndexStart(builder)
+
+def ArgTypeAndIndexAddArgType(builder, argType):
+    builder.PrependInt8Slot(0, argType, 0)
+
+def AddArgType(builder, argType):
+    ArgTypeAndIndexAddArgType(builder, argType)
+
+def ArgTypeAndIndexAddIndex(builder, index):
+    builder.PrependUint32Slot(1, index, 0)
+
+def AddIndex(builder, index):
+    ArgTypeAndIndexAddIndex(builder, index)
+
+def ArgTypeAndIndexEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return ArgTypeAndIndexEnd(builder)

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/Attribute.py

@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ class Attribute(object):
     __slots__ = ['_tab']
 
     @classmethod
-    def GetRootAsAttribute(cls, buf, offset):
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
         n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
         x = Attribute()
         x.Init(buf, n + offset)
         return x
 
     @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsAttribute(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    @classmethod
     def AttributeBufferHasIdentifier(cls, buf, offset, size_prefixed=False):
         return flatbuffers.util.BufferHasIdentifier(buf, offset, b"\x4F\x52\x54\x4D", size_prefixed=size_prefixed)
 
@@ -212,23 +216,122 @@ def GraphsIsNone(self):
         o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(28))
         return o == 0
 
-def AttributeStart(builder): builder.StartObject(13)
-def AttributeAddName(builder, name): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(0, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(name), 0)
-def AttributeAddDocString(builder, docString): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(docString), 0)
-def AttributeAddType(builder, type): builder.PrependInt32Slot(2, type, 0)
-def AttributeAddF(builder, f): builder.PrependFloat32Slot(3, f, 0.0)
-def AttributeAddI(builder, i): builder.PrependInt64Slot(4, i, 0)
-def AttributeAddS(builder, s): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(5, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(s), 0)
-def AttributeAddT(builder, t): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(6, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(t), 0)
-def AttributeAddG(builder, g): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(7, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(g), 0)
-def AttributeAddFloats(builder, floats): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(8, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(floats), 0)
-def AttributeStartFloatsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def AttributeAddInts(builder, ints): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(9, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(ints), 0)
-def AttributeStartIntsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(8, numElems, 8)
-def AttributeAddStrings(builder, strings): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(10, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(strings), 0)
-def AttributeStartStringsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def AttributeAddTensors(builder, tensors): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(11, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(tensors), 0)
-def AttributeStartTensorsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def AttributeAddGraphs(builder, graphs): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(12, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(graphs), 0)
-def AttributeStartGraphsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def AttributeEnd(builder): return builder.EndObject()
+def AttributeStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(13)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    AttributeStart(builder)
+
+def AttributeAddName(builder, name):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(0, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(name), 0)
+
+def AddName(builder, name):
+    AttributeAddName(builder, name)
+
+def AttributeAddDocString(builder, docString):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(docString), 0)
+
+def AddDocString(builder, docString):
+    AttributeAddDocString(builder, docString)
+
+def AttributeAddType(builder, type):
+    builder.PrependInt32Slot(2, type, 0)
+
+def AddType(builder, type):
+    AttributeAddType(builder, type)
+
+def AttributeAddF(builder, f):
+    builder.PrependFloat32Slot(3, f, 0.0)
+
+def AddF(builder, f):
+    AttributeAddF(builder, f)
+
+def AttributeAddI(builder, i):
+    builder.PrependInt64Slot(4, i, 0)
+
+def AddI(builder, i):
+    AttributeAddI(builder, i)
+
+def AttributeAddS(builder, s):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(5, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(s), 0)
+
+def AddS(builder, s):
+    AttributeAddS(builder, s)
+
+def AttributeAddT(builder, t):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(6, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(t), 0)
+
+def AddT(builder, t):
+    AttributeAddT(builder, t)
+
+def AttributeAddG(builder, g):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(7, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(g), 0)
+
+def AddG(builder, g):
+    AttributeAddG(builder, g)
+
+def AttributeAddFloats(builder, floats):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(8, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(floats), 0)
+
+def AddFloats(builder, floats):
+    AttributeAddFloats(builder, floats)
+
+def AttributeStartFloatsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartFloatsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return AttributeStartFloatsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def AttributeAddInts(builder, ints):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(9, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(ints), 0)
+
+def AddInts(builder, ints):
+    AttributeAddInts(builder, ints)
+
+def AttributeStartIntsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(8, numElems, 8)
+
+def StartIntsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return AttributeStartIntsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def AttributeAddStrings(builder, strings):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(10, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(strings), 0)
+
+def AddStrings(builder, strings):
+    AttributeAddStrings(builder, strings)
+
+def AttributeStartStringsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartStringsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return AttributeStartStringsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def AttributeAddTensors(builder, tensors):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(11, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(tensors), 0)
+
+def AddTensors(builder, tensors):
+    AttributeAddTensors(builder, tensors)
+
+def AttributeStartTensorsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartTensorsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return AttributeStartTensorsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def AttributeAddGraphs(builder, graphs):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(12, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(graphs), 0)
+
+def AddGraphs(builder, graphs):
+    AttributeAddGraphs(builder, graphs)
+
+def AttributeStartGraphsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartGraphsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return AttributeStartGraphsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def AttributeEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return AttributeEnd(builder)

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/AttributeType.py

@@ -16,4 +16,3 @@ class AttributeType(object):
     GRAPHS = 10
     SPARSE_TENSOR = 11
     SPARSE_TENSORS = 12
-

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/Checkpoint.py

@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ class Checkpoint(object):
     __slots__ = ['_tab']
 
     @classmethod
-    def GetRootAsCheckpoint(cls, buf, offset):
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
         n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
         x = Checkpoint()
         x.Init(buf, n + offset)
         return x
 
     @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsCheckpoint(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    @classmethod
     def CheckpointBufferHasIdentifier(cls, buf, offset, size_prefixed=False):
         return flatbuffers.util.BufferHasIdentifier(buf, offset, b"\x4F\x44\x54\x43", size_prefixed=size_prefixed)
 
@@ -78,10 +82,44 @@ def PropertyBag(self):
             return obj
         return None
 
-def CheckpointStart(builder): builder.StartObject(4)
-def CheckpointAddVersion(builder, version): builder.PrependInt32Slot(0, version, 0)
-def CheckpointAddModuleState(builder, moduleState): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(moduleState), 0)
-def CheckpointAddOptimizerGroups(builder, optimizerGroups): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(2, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(optimizerGroups), 0)
-def CheckpointStartOptimizerGroupsVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def CheckpointAddPropertyBag(builder, propertyBag): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(3, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(propertyBag), 0)
-def CheckpointEnd(builder): return builder.EndObject()
+def CheckpointStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(4)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    CheckpointStart(builder)
+
+def CheckpointAddVersion(builder, version):
+    builder.PrependInt32Slot(0, version, 0)
+
+def AddVersion(builder, version):
+    CheckpointAddVersion(builder, version)
+
+def CheckpointAddModuleState(builder, moduleState):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(moduleState), 0)
+
+def AddModuleState(builder, moduleState):
+    CheckpointAddModuleState(builder, moduleState)
+
+def CheckpointAddOptimizerGroups(builder, optimizerGroups):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(2, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(optimizerGroups), 0)
+
+def AddOptimizerGroups(builder, optimizerGroups):
+    CheckpointAddOptimizerGroups(builder, optimizerGroups)
+
+def CheckpointStartOptimizerGroupsVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartOptimizerGroupsVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return CheckpointStartOptimizerGroupsVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def CheckpointAddPropertyBag(builder, propertyBag):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(3, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(propertyBag), 0)
+
+def AddPropertyBag(builder, propertyBag):
+    CheckpointAddPropertyBag(builder, propertyBag)
+
+def CheckpointEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return CheckpointEnd(builder)

onnxruntime/core/flatbuffers/ort_flatbuffers_py/fbs/DeprecatedKernelCreateInfos.py

@@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ class DeprecatedKernelCreateInfos(object):
     __slots__ = ['_tab']
 
     @classmethod
-    def GetRootAsDeprecatedKernelCreateInfos(cls, buf, offset):
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
         n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
         x = DeprecatedKernelCreateInfos()
         x.Init(buf, n + offset)
         return x
 
     @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsDeprecatedKernelCreateInfos(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    @classmethod
     def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosBufferHasIdentifier(cls, buf, offset, size_prefixed=False):
         return flatbuffers.util.BufferHasIdentifier(buf, offset, b"\x4F\x52\x54\x4D", size_prefixed=size_prefixed)
 
@@ -79,9 +83,38 @@ def KernelDefHashesIsNone(self):
         o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(6))
         return o == 0
 
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStart(builder): builder.StartObject(2)
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddNodeIndices(builder, nodeIndices): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(0, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(nodeIndices), 0)
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartNodeIndicesVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddKernelDefHashes(builder, kernelDefHashes): builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(kernelDefHashes), 0)
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartKernelDefHashesVector(builder, numElems): return builder.StartVector(8, numElems, 8)
-def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosEnd(builder): return builder.EndObject()
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(2)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStart(builder)
+
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddNodeIndices(builder, nodeIndices):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(0, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(nodeIndices), 0)
+
+def AddNodeIndices(builder, nodeIndices):
+    DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddNodeIndices(builder, nodeIndices)
+
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartNodeIndicesVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(4, numElems, 4)
+
+def StartNodeIndicesVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartNodeIndicesVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddKernelDefHashes(builder, kernelDefHashes):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(kernelDefHashes), 0)
+
+def AddKernelDefHashes(builder, kernelDefHashes):
+    DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosAddKernelDefHashes(builder, kernelDefHashes)
+
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartKernelDefHashesVector(builder, numElems):
+    return builder.StartVector(8, numElems, 8)
+
+def StartKernelDefHashesVector(builder, numElems: int) -> int:
+    return DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosStartKernelDefHashesVector(builder, numElems)
+
+def DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return DeprecatedKernelCreateInfosEnd(builder)