Ontology Restriction Types

Ontologies created with OWL, or in general using the RDF framework, might contain restrictions (axioms) to machine-understandably describe knowledge.

Several types of such restrictions exist, and so far it is not known which restriction types are used to which extent in practice. This repository contains a vocabulary to describe restriction types, and corresponding restriction type expressions and measures (LOVCube). Additionally it contains RDF-based descriptions of several abstract restriction types and their concrete RDF-based expressions (relovstats.ttl).

Tools creating statistics about the use of restriction types in ontologies can use the LOVCube vocabulary to describe the statistics and refer to their structure.

LOVCube Vocabulary

This repository contains the RDF/OWL based vocabulary of LOVCube. The vocabulary is developed according to the UPON-light methodology. Hence, the requirements folder contains information regarding the development process the documentation (ongoing work).

ReLOVStats Restriction Types

The relovstats file contains the descriptions of several restriction types, restriction type expressions and restriction type measures. Statistical observations made based on LOVCube, should link to a corresponding data structure definition as defined by RDF Data Cube (see following listing). We also provide several such data structures in the relovstats file.

@prefix lovc: <https://w3id.org/lovcube/ns/lovcube#> .
@prefix rls: <https://w3id.org/lovcube/ns/relovstats#> .

# Created statistics, described using the RDF Data Cube compliant LOVCube vocabulary
# The observation links to a corresponding RDF Data Cube dataset (described below)
[] a qb:Observation, prov:Entity, lovc:RestrictionTypeStatistic ;
    lrd:detectorDimension lrd:maximumUnqualifiedCardinalityDetector ;
    lrd:detectorVersionDimension lrd:maximumUnqualifiedCardinalityLODStatsDetectorOwl-v1 ;
    lrd:executionTimeDimension "2019-04-05T11:48:21.845150"^^xsd:dateTime ;
    lrd:ontologyVersionDimension prov: ;
    lrd:restrictionTypeDimension lrd:maximumUnqualifiedCardinality ;
    lrd:restrictionTypeOccurrence 1 ;
    qb:dataSet _:N740f60a3437f4b46869218f604ee20e4 ;
    prov:qualifiedGeneration _:Nd459003b47e54c04ae84a21707a1460b .

_:Nd92c84d33f9144549dd1fdfc1b98b620 a prov:Activity .

_:Nd459003b47e54c04ae84a21707a1460b a prov:Generation,
        prov:InstantaneousEvent ;
    prov:activity _:Nd92c84d33f9144549dd1fdfc1b98b620 ;
    prov:atTime "2019-04-05T11:48:21.845150"^^xsd:dateTime .

# A RDF Data Cube dataset which refers to a data structure definition, defined in this repository (relovstats.ttl)
_:N740f60a3437f4b46869218f604ee20e4 a qb:DataSet,
        prov:Entity,
        lovc:Dataset ;
    qb:structure lrd:restrictionTypesAmount ;
    prov:qualifiedGeneration _:Nd459003b47e54c04ae84a21707a1460b ;
    prov:wasGeneratedBy _:Nd92c84d33f9144549dd1fdfc1b98b620 .

How to use?

On https://lov.ilabt.imec.be/lovcube/data/relovstats/latest (alternatively here) an existing dataset can be queried. It was created based on 98% of LOV ontologies.

Example SPARQL query to get restriction types and correpsonding occurrence measure

PREFIX qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#>
PREFIX lovstats: <http://example.com/lovrestrictiondata#>

SELECT ((strafter(str(?type), "#")) as ?typeName) (SUM(?occurrence) as ?total) ?ontology
WHERE {
  ?obs a qb:Observation ;
    lovstats:restrictionTypeOccurrence ?occurrence ;
    lovstats:restrictionTypeDimension ?type ;
    lovstats:detectorVersionDimension ?detector ;
    lovstats:ontologyVersionDimension ?ontology .
}
GROUP BY ?type ?ontology
ORDER BY ?type ASC(?total) ?ontology