[Oxidize BasisTranslator]: Move the rest of the BasisTranslator to …

…Rust. (#13237)

* Initial: Move the rest of the `BasisTranslator` to Rust.

Fixes Port `BasisTranslator` to Rust #12246

This is the final act of the efforts to move the `BasisTranslator` transpiler pass into Rust. With many of the parts of this pass already living in Rust, the following commits attempt to bring in the final changes to allow complete operation of this pass in the Rust space (with of course some interaction with Python.)

Methodology:
The way this works is by keeping the original `BasisTranslator` python class, and have it store the rust-space counterpart (now called `CoreBasisTranslator`) which will perform all of the operations leveraging the existent Rust API's available for the `Target` (#12292), `EquivalenceLibrary`(#12585) and the `BasisTranslator` methods `basis_search` (#12811) and `compose_transforms`(#13137).

All of the inner methods will have private visibility and will not be accessible to `Python` as they're intended to be internal by design.

By removing the extra layers of conversion we should be seeing a considerable speed-up, alongside all of the other incremental improvements we have made.

Changes:

- Add the pyo3 class/struct `BasisTranslator` that will contain allof the main data used by the transpiler pass to perform its operation.
- Convert the `target_basis` into a set manually from python before sending it into the Rust space.
- Remove the exposure of `basis_search` and `compose_transforms` to python.
- Change `basis_search` so that it accepts references to `HashSet` instances instead of accepting a `HashSet<&str>` instance.
- Change inner method's visibility for `basis_search` and `compose_transform` modules in rust.
- Expose the exception imports from `Target` to the `accelerate` crate.
- Expose `DAGCircuit::copy_empty_like` to the rest of the crates.
- Remove all of the unused imports in the Python-side `BasisTranslator`.

Blockers:
- [ ] #12811

* Fix: Redundancies with serialization methods
- Remove extra copies of `target`, `target_basis`, `equiv_lib`, and `min_qubits`.
- Remove unnecessary mutability in `apply_transforms` and `replace_node`.

* Refactor: Remove `BasisTranslator` struct, use pymethod.
- Using this method avoids the creation of a datastructure in rust and the overhead of deserializing rust structures which can be overly slow due to multiple cloning. With this update, since the `BasisTranslator` never mutates, it is better to not store anything in Rust.

* Lint: Ignore too_many_args flag from clippy on `basis_translator::run()`

* Fix: Remove redundant clone

* Fix: Leverage using `unwrap_operation` when taking op_nodes from the dag.
- Add function signature in `base_run`.

* Update crates/accelerate/src/basis/basis_translator/mod.rs

Co-authored-by: Elena Peña Tapia <[email protected]>

* Adapt to #13164
- Use `QuantumCircuit._has_calibration_for()` when trying to obtain calibrations from a `QuantumCircuit` due to the deprecation of the `Pulse` package.

---------

Co-authored-by: Elena Peña Tapia <[email protected]>

crates/accelerate/src/basis/basis_translator/basis_search.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 
 use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::equivalence::{EdgeData, Equivalence, EquivalenceLibrary, Key, NodeData};
 use qiskit_circuit::operations::Operation;
@@ -23,28 +22,6 @@ use rustworkx_core::traversal::{dijkstra_search, DijkstraEvent};
 
 use super::compose_transforms::{BasisTransformIn, GateIdentifier};
 
-/// Search for a set of transformations from source_basis to target_basis.
-/// Args:
-///     equiv_lib (EquivalenceLibrary): Source of valid translations
-///     source_basis (Set[Tuple[gate_name: str, gate_num_qubits: int]]): Starting basis.
-///     target_basis (Set[gate_name: str]): Target basis.
-///
-/// Returns:
-///     Optional[List[Tuple[gate, equiv_params, equiv_circuit]]]: List of (gate,
-///         equiv_params, equiv_circuit) tuples tuples which, if applied in order
-///         will map from source_basis to target_basis. Returns None if no path
-///         was found.
-#[pyfunction]
-#[pyo3(name = "basis_search")]
-pub(crate) fn py_basis_search(
-    py: Python,
-    equiv_lib: &mut EquivalenceLibrary,
-    source_basis: HashSet<GateIdentifier>,
-    target_basis: HashSet<String>,
-) -> PyObject {
-    basis_search(equiv_lib, &source_basis, &target_basis).into_py(py)
-}
-
 type BasisTransforms = Vec<(GateIdentifier, BasisTransformIn)>;
 /// Search for a set of transformations from source_basis to target_basis.
 ///

crates/accelerate/src/basis/basis_translator/compose_transforms.rs

@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@ pub type GateIdentifier = (String, u32);
 pub type BasisTransformIn = (SmallVec<[Param; 3]>, CircuitFromPython);
 pub type BasisTransformOut = (SmallVec<[Param; 3]>, DAGCircuit);
 
-#[pyfunction(name = "compose_transforms")]
-pub(super) fn py_compose_transforms(
-    py: Python,
-    basis_transforms: Vec<(GateIdentifier, BasisTransformIn)>,
-    source_basis: HashSet<GateIdentifier>,
-    source_dag: &DAGCircuit,
-) -> PyResult<HashMap<GateIdentifier, BasisTransformOut>> {
-    compose_transforms(py, &basis_transforms, &source_basis, source_dag)
-}
-
 pub(super) fn compose_transforms<'a>(
     py: Python,
     basis_transforms: &'a [(GateIdentifier, BasisTransformIn)],