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Note on Fs/Fr/Fm

New F is Fs | Fr & (Fm & aluf | ~Fm & oldf) But! If Fm & 4 then Fs | MRH | Fr & (Fm & aluf | ~Fm & oldf)

Special flag

g is always set to the ALU’s carry from the previous cycle

Required assignments

A <- A & I A <- A & MR A <- A & r8 A <- A + I A <- A + I + fC A <- A + MR A <- A + MR + fC A <- A + r8 A <- A + r8 + fC A <- A - I A <- A - I - fC A <- A - MR A <- A - MR - fC A <- A - r8 A <- A - r8 - fC A <- A ^ I A <- A ^ MR A <- A ^ r8 A <- A | I A <- A | MR A <- A | r8 A <- A ± DAA(fN, fH, fC, A) A <- MR A <- RL(A, fC) A <- RLC(A) A <- RR(fC, A) A <- RRC(A) A <- ~A A/B/D/H <- MR F/C/E/L <- MR H <- H + H/B/D/S + fC H <- S + Ihs + fC H/B/D/S <- H/B/D/S + g H/B/D/S <- I H/B/D/S <- xFF + H/B/D/S + g HL <- HL + 1 HL <- HL - 1 IP <- HL IP <- j IP++ J <- MR J <- pIhs + J + g L <- L + I L <- L + L/C/E/P L <- P L/C/E/P <- I L/C/E/P <- L/C/E/P + 1 L/C/E/P <- xFF + L/C/E/P MA <- BC/DE MA <- HL MA <- MA + 1 MA <- SP MAH <- I MAH <- xFF MAL <- C MAL <- I MW <- 0 + MR + 1 MW <- A MW <- A/B/D/H MW <- BIT(u3, MR, 0) MW <- BIT(u3, MR, 1) MW <- F/C/E/L MW <- I MW <- J MW <- J + !~(Q|1) MW <- P MW <- Q MW <- RL(MR, fC) MW <- RLC(MR) MW <- RR(MR, fC) MW <- RRC(MR) MW <- S MW <- SL(MR) MW <- SRA(MR) MW <- SRL(MR) MW <- SWAP(MR) MW <- r8 MW <- xFF + r8 P <- I P <- L P <- P + I Q <- MR Q <- Q + I S <- H S <- I S <- S + Ihs + fC SP <- SP - 1 SP/MA <- SP + 1 _ <- A - I _ <- A - MR _ <- A - r8 _ <- BIT(u3, MR, X) _ <- BIT(u3, r8, X) fC = !fC jH <- 0 jH <- I jL <- I jL <- I & x38 r8 <- 0 + r8 + 1 r8 <- BIT(u3, r8, 0) r8 <- BIT(u3, r8, 1) r8 <- I r8 <- MR r8 <- RL(r8, fC) r8 <- RLC(r8) r8 <- RR(r8, fC) r8 <- RRC(r8) r8 <- SL(r8) r8 <- SRA(r8) r8 <- SRL(r8) r8 <- SWAP(r8) r8 <- r8’ r8 <- xFF + r8

Shrunk down

A <- ALU ALU <- A ALU <- B ALU <- C ALU <- D ALU <- DAA ALU <- E ALU <- F ALU <- H ALU <- I ALU <- J ALU <- L ALU <- MR ALU <- P ALU <- Q ALU <- S ALUc <- &ccx1 ALUc <- &kkx0 ALUc <- + 0 Ih kc0 ALUc <- + 0 pIh kg0 ALUc <- +0k !~(Q|1) 0 ALUc <- +0k10 ALUc <- +0kg0 ALUc <- +10c0 ALUc <- +1k00 ALUc <- +1kg0 ALUc <- +k 1n nx ALUc <- +kc10 ALUc <- +kc1x ALUc <- +kcCx ALUc <- +kk00 ALUc <- +kk0x ALUc <- +kkc0 ALUc <- +kkcx ALUc <- ?0k10 ALUc <- ?Ck10 ALUc <- ?def101 ALUc <- ?def111 ALUc <- ?def1x1 ALUc <- ?k000 ALUc <- ?kC00 ALUc <- ?kk00 ALUc <- ?kk10 ALUc <- ?x x0 0 1 ALUc <- ?x x0 01 ALUc <- ?x x0 1 1 ALUc <- ?x x0 11 ALUc <- ^0kxx ALUc <- ^c0xx ALUc <- ^kkxx ALUl <- H ALUl <- I ALUl <- L B <- ALU C <- ALU D <- ALU E <- ALU Fm <- 0xx1 Fr <- 1001 Fr <- MRH Fs <- 0000 Fs <- MRH H <- ALU HL <- b16 ID <- HL ID <- MA ID <- SP IDc <- 0 IDc <- 1 IP <- b16 IP <- j J <- ALU L <- ALU MA <- b16 MAH <- ALU MAL <- ALU MW <- ALU P <- ALU Q <- ALU S <- ALU SP <- b16 b16 <- BC b16 <- DE b16 <- HL b16 <- ID b16 <- SP inc(IP) jH <- ALU jL <- ALU jL <- I&0x38 res(jH) set(MAH)

Sources of each

A: ALU ALU: A B C D E MR H L DAA I J P Q S ALUl: A I H L B: ALU C: ALU D: ALU E: ALU H: ALU HL: b16 ID ID: HL MA SP IP IP: j ID J: ALU L: ALU MA: b16 ID MAH: ALU MAL: ALU MW: ALU P: ALU Q: ALU S: ALU SP: b16 ID b16: BC DE HL SP jH: ALU jL: ALU I&0x38 res(jH) set(MAH)

Register numbering

Reg

B

C

D

E

H

L

MW

A

J

Q

jH

jL

MAH

MAL

S

P

Num

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

Input bits to each

A/B/C/D/E/H/L/S/P/MAH/MAL/J/Q/MW/jH/jL: 0 stay 1 set to ALU out HL/SP: 0x stay 10 set to ID out 11 set to b16 j: 0 stay 1 set to I&0x38 (unless INT is on, then set to interrupt vector) MA: as HL/SP except 01 set MAH to FF and MAL to C IP: as HL/SP except 01 set to j ALU: 0:B 1:C 2:D 3:E 4:H 5:L 6:MR 7:A 8:J 9:Q A:I B:DAA C:F D:F E:S F:P ALUl: 00:A 01:I 10:H 11:L b16: 00:BC 01:DE 10:HL 11:SP ID: 00:IP 01:SP 10:HL 11:MA

Microcode (state-by-state, then I)

Split by octal digits, mostly

Base 0

0ab

0a0

a	0	1	2	3	1cn
Inst	NOP	STSP	STOP	JR	JR cn
set 8s	(MW)	MW	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)
ALU	x	P	x	x	x
ALUl	x	x	x	x	x
ALUc	x	^0kxx	x	x	x
Fs	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111	1111	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	10x	10x	10x	10x
write?	F	F	F	F	F
b16	x	x	x	x	x
ID	IP+	IP+	IP+	IP+	IP+
next	Base 0	stsp 0	STOP	jr 0	jr/cn 0

0a1

a	op0	op1
Inst	LD16	ADD16
set 8s	(MAL)	L
ALU	x	o&p o p 1
ALUl	x	L
ALUc	x	+kk0x
Fs	0000	0xxx
Fr	1111	1xxx
Fm	0000	00xx
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	00x
write?	F	F
b16	x	x
ID	IP+	x
next	ld16/op 0	Base 1

0a2

a	opq
Inst	see below
set 8s	MW
ALU	A
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	o00x11
IPj	00x
write?	F
b16	o p&!o
ID	HLp
next	q? Base 1 : Write

instruction:

	00x	01x	10x	11x
xx0	ST BC	ST DE	STI	STD
xx1	LD BC	LD DE	LDI	LDD

0a3

a	opq
Inst	see below
set 8s	o&p o p 1
ALU	o&p o p 1
ALUl	x
ALUc	+ 0q 10 !q x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write?	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 1

Instruction: q? DEC : INC Target: op -> BC/DE/HL/SP

00opq10t

Inst	see below
set 8s	0opq
ALU	0opq
ALUl	x
ALUc	+ 0t 10 !t x
Fs	0t00
Fr	1011
Fm	1010
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	!(o&p&!q) 0 x
write?	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	Base o&p&!q

Instruction: t? DEC : INC Target: opq -> B C D E H L (HL) A

0a6

a	opq
Inst	LD r(0opq), d8
set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	ld8/opq 0

0a7

a	0pq	100	101	11q
Inst	RA	DAA	CPL	S/CCF
set 8s	A	A	A	A
ALU	A	DAA	x	x
ALUl	x	A	A	A
ALUc	see below	+k 1 fN fN x	^c0xx	^k0xx
Fs	0000	0000	0110	000 !(fC&q)
Fr	0001	1101	1xx1	1000
Fm	x0x1	10x1	00x0	00xx
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	10x	10x	10x
write	F	F	F	F
b16	x	x	x	x
ID	IP+	IP+	IP+	IP+
next	Base 0	Base 0	Base 0	Base 0

ALUc for 000pq111 is ? !(p&q) fC&p&q !pVq fC&p&!q q 0

1ab

ab	opqrst
Inst	see below
set 8s	0opq
ALU	0rst
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	o&p&!q^r&s&!t 0 x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	o&p&!q? r&s&!t? HALT : Write : Base r&s&!t

Instruction: LD unless 0166, then HALT

2ab

100pqrst

Inst	ADD/ADC/SUB/SBC
set 8s	0 1 1 !rV!sVt
ALU	0rst
ALUl	A
ALUc	+k 1p p^(fC&q) x
Fs	0q00
Fr	1011
Fm	101 !rV!sV
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	!rV!sVt 0 x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	Base r&s&!t

2ab a > 3

ab	1p0rst	101rst	111rst
Inst	AND/OR	XOR	CP
set 8s	0 1 1 !rV!sV!t	0 1 1 !rV!sV!t	0110
ALU	0rst	0rst	0rst
ALUl	A	A	A
ALUc	& 1p 1p x p	^kkxx	+kc1x
Fs	0 0 !p 0	0000	0100
Fr	1000	1000	1x11
Fm	10xx	10xx	1011
HLSPMA	0x0x11	0x0x11	0x0x11
IPj	!rV!sVt 0 x	!rV!sVt 0 x	!rV!sVt 0 x
write	F	F	F
b16	HL	HL	HL
ID	IP+	IP+	IP+
next	Base r&s&!t	Base r&s&!t	Base r&s&!t

3ab

3a0

a	0cn	1pq
Inst	RET cn	LDH/ADD SP/LD HL
set 8s	(MW)	MW
ALU	x	A
ALUl	x	x
ALUc	x	^0kxx
Fs	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0xz010	0x0x01
IPj	00x	10x
write	F	F
b16	x	x
ID	SP+	IP+
next	Base 1	ldw/pq 0

z is !n^(c?fC:fZ)

3a1

a	op0	0p1	101	111
Inst	POP	RET(I)	JPHL	LD SP, HL
set 8s	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)
ALU	x	x	x	x
ALUl	x	x	x	x
ALUc	x	x	x	x
Fs	0000	0000	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x1010	0x1010	0x0xxx	0x11xx
IPj	00x	00x	11x	10x
write	F	F	F	F
b16	x	x	HL	HL
ID	SP+	SP+	x	IP+
next	Base 1	Base 1	Base 0	nop

3a2

a	0cn	1p0	1p1
Inst	JP cn	LDH C	LD n16
set 8s	(MW)	MW	MW
ALU	x	A	A
ALUl	x	x	x
ALUc	x	^0kxx	^0kxx
Fs	0000	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0x01	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	00x	10x
write	F	F	F
b16	x	x	x
ID	IP+	x	IP+
next	jp/cn 0	p? Write : Base 1	ldn16/p 0

3a3

a	0x0	0x1	1x0	1x1
Inst	JP	CB	DI	EI
set 8s	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)
ALU	x	x	x	x
ALUl	x	x	x	x
ALUc	x	x	x	x
Fs	0000	0000	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	10x	10x	10x
write	F	F	F (clear IE)	F (set preIE)
b16	x	x	x	x
ID	IP+	IP+	IP+	IP+
next	jp 0	CB 0	Base 0	Base 0

3a4

a	xcn
Inst	CALL cn
set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	call/cn 0

3a5

a	op0	xx1
Inst	PUSH	CALL
set 8s	MW	(MW)
ALU	0op o&p	x
ALUl	x	x
ALUc	^0kxx	x
Fs	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011	0x0xxx
IPj	00x	10x
write	F	F
b16	SP	x
ID	SP-	IP+
next	Base 1	call 0

3a6

set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	mathi/a 0

3a7

Inst	RST
set 8s	(MW)
ALU	Q
ALUl	x
ALUc	+0k1x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	001
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 1

If INT is on

set 8s	MW
ALU	J
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	001
write	F (clear IE)
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	Int 0

Base 1

00op1001 (ADD HL, r16)

set 8s	H
ALU	o&p o p 0
ALUl	H
ALUc	+kkgx
Fs	0000
Fr	1011
Fm	0011
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

00xx1010 (LD A, [BC/DE/HL±])

set 8s	A
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

00opq011 (INC/DEC BC/DE/HL/SP)

set 8s	o&p o p 0
ALU	o&p o p 0
ALUl	x
ALUc	+ 0q 10 g x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write?	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

0011010t (INC/DEC [HL])

set 8s	MW
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	+ 0t 10 !t x
Fs	0t00
Fr	1011
Fm	1010
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	x
next	Write

01opq110 (LD r8, [HL])

set 8s	0opq
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

100pq110 (ADD/ADC/SUB/SBC [HL])

set 8s	A
ALU	MR
ALUl	A
ALUc	+k 1p p^(fC&q) x
Fs	0q00
Fr	1011
Fm	1011
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

101pq110 (AND/XOR/OR/CP [HL])

set 8s	p&q? (MW) : A
ALU	MR
ALUl	A
ALUc	pV!q p&q 1 p&!q 1 p 1 p
Fs	0 p&q !(pVq) 0
Fr	10 p&q p&q
Fm	1011
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

110cn000 (RET cn)

set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x00
IPj	z0x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base z?0:3

z is n^(c?fC:fZ)

3a1 (POP BC/DE/HL/AF / RET(I))

a	op0	0p1
set 8s	0op1	Q
ALU	MR	MR
ALUl	x	x
ALUc	^0kxx	^0kxx
Fs	0000	0000
Fr	zzzz	1111
Fm	0y00	0000
HLSPMA	0x1010	0x0xxx
IPj	00x	00x
write	F	F
b16	x	x
ID	SP+	x
next	Base 3	ret/p 0

y is o&p; z is !(o&p)

11100010 (LDH A,[C])

set 8s	A
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

11xx0101 (PUSH BC/DE/HL/AF)

set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write	T
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 3

11xxx111 (RST v)

set 8s	MW
ALU	J
ALUl	x
ALUc	+0kgx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	000
write	F
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	Base 3

Base 3

110cn000 (RET cn)

set 8s	Q
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	ret/0 0

11op0001 (POP BC/DE/HL/AF)

set 8s	0 o p o&p
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

11op0101 (PUSH BC/DE/HL/AF)

set 8s	MW
ALU	o&p o !o&p 1
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	Write

3a7 (RST v)

set 8s	MW
ALU	Q
ALUl	x
ALUc	+0k1x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	000
write	T
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	call 4

stsp 0

set 8s	MAL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	stsp 1

stsp 1

set 8s	MAH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x00
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	stsp 2

stsp 2

set 8s	MW
ALU	S
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x10
IPj	00x
write	T
b16	x
ID	MA+
next	stsp 3

stsp 3

set 8s	-
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	T
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

jr 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	Q
ALUl	I
ALUc	+kk1x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	jr 1

jr 1

set 8s	J
ALU	J
ALUl	x
ALUc	+ 0 Ih k g x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	01x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 0

jr/cn 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	Q
ALUl	I
ALUc	+kk0x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	y0x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	y? Base 0 : jr 1

y is n^(c?fC:fZ)

ld16/pq 0

set 8s	p&q p q 1
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	ld16/pq 1

ld16/pq 1

set 8s	p&q p q 0
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

ld8/opq 0

set 8s	0opq
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	!oV!pVq 0 x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	o&p&!q? Write : Base 0

ldw/pq 0

q	0	1
set 8s	MAL	!p 1 !p 1
ALU	x	P
ALUl	I	I
ALUc	^k0xx	+kk0x
Fs	0000	0000
Fr	1111	0011
Fm	0000	x011
HLSPMA	0x0x00	0x0xxx
IPj	00x	00x
write	F	F
b16	x	x
ID	x	x
next	ldw/pq 1	ldw/pq 1

ldw/pq 1

q	0	1
set 8s	011p	!p 1 !p 0
ALU	MR	S
ALUl	x	x
ALUc	^0kxx	+ 0 Ih k fC x
Fs	0000	0000
Fr	1111	1111
Fm	0000	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	10x
write	!p	F
b16	x	x
ID	IP+	IP+
next	Base 0	p? Base 0 : nop

jp 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	jp 1

jp 1

set 8s	jH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	xx0
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	jp 2

jp 2

set 8s	-
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	01x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 0

jp/cn 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	jp/cn 1

jp/cn 1

set 8s	jH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	100
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	z? Base 0 : jp 2

z is n^(c?fC:fZ)

ldn16/p 0

set 8s	MAL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	ldn16/p 1

ldn16/p 1

set 8s	MAH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0x00
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	ldn16/p 2

ldn16/p 2

set 8s	011p
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	!p
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

call 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	call 1

call 1

set 8s	jH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	100
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	call 2

call 2

set 8s	MW
ALU	J
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	000
write	F
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	call 3

call 3

set 8s	MW
ALU	Q
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	000
write	T
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	call 4

call 4

set 8s	-
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	01x
write	T
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 0

call/cn 0

set 8s	jL
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	call/cn 1

call/cn 1

set 8s	jH
ALU	I
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	100
write	F
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	n^(c?fC:fZ)? Base 0 : call 2

mathi/a 0

a	0pq	1pq
set 8s	A	0 1 1 !(p&q)
ALU	I	I
ALUl	A	A
ALUc	+k 1p p^(fC&q) x	pV!q p&q 1 p&!q 1 p 1 p
Fs	0q00	0 p&q !(pVq) 0
Fr	1011	10 p&q p&q
Fm	1011	1011
HLSPMA	0x0xxx	0x0xxx
IPj	10x	10x
write	F	F
b16	x	x
ID	IP+	IP+
next	Base 0	Base 0

ret/p 0

set 8s	(MW)
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1010
IPj	00x
write	F
b16	x
ID	SP+
next	ret/p 1

ret/p 1

set 8s	J
ALU	MR
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write	F (set preIE if p)
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 0

CB 0

I	mnopqrst
set 8s	0rst
ALU	0rst
ALUl	x
ALUc	? ab cd e f
Fs	0 0 !m&n 0
Fr	1 m m mVnV!(o&p&!q)
Fm	!m 0 0 !(mVn)&!(r&s&!t)
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	!rV!sVt 0 x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	r&s&!t? CB 1 : Base 0

a is m|n? o : !(p&q) b is (m|n|fC&!o&q)&p c is q|!m&!n&!p d is m|n|p&!q&!o&fC e is q&!m|n f is m|n|o&(p^q)

CB 1

I	mnopqrst
set 8s	0rst
ALU	0rst
ALUl	x
ALUc	? ab cd e f
Fs	0 0 !m&n 0
Fr	1 m m mVnV!(o&p&!q)
Fm	!m 0 0 !m&!n
HLSPMA	0x0x11
IPj	!m&n 0 x
write	F
b16	HL
ID	IP+
next	!m&n? Base 0 : Write

a is m|n? o : !(p&q) b is (m|n|fC&!o&q)&p c is q|!m&!n&!p d is m|n|p&!q&!o&fC e is q&!m|n f is m|n|o&(p^q)

Write = ldn16/0 2 or stsp 3 or ldw/00 1

set 8s	-
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	10x
write?	T
b16	x
ID	IP+
next	Base 0

nop

set 8s	-
ALU	x
ALUl	x
ALUc	x
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x0xxx
IPj	00x
write?	F
b16	x
ID	x
next	Base 0

Int

set 8s	MW
ALU	Q
ALUl	x
ALUc	^0kxx
Fs	0000
Fr	1111
Fm	0000
HLSPMA	0x1011
IPj	000
write?	T
b16	SP
ID	SP-
next	call 4

State numbering

Base ij	00000ij
Interrupt	0010000
ret/p i	00001pi
CB i	001010i
jr i	001001i
ldn16/p ij	0001pij
Write	0001010
Write	1000011
Write	1001001
Write	a00b0ca
nop	0100000
STOP	0111111
HALT	0111110
stsp ij	10000ij
jr/cn	10001cn
ldw/pq i	1001pqi
ld8/opq	1011opq
ld16/pq i	1010pqi
jp ij	11000ij
call 4	1100011
call ij	11001ij
mathi/opq	1101opq
jp/cn i	1110icn
call/cn i	1111icn

Microcode (out-by-out, then state, then I)

state is fghijkl I is mnopqrst z is !(f?l:q)^((f?k:p)?fC:fZ) c is previous output of ALU.fC OPQ is f?opq:jkl u is o&p&!q v is r&s&!t

set 8s

Base kl

If Int is on in Base 0, set 0110.

m = n = 0

Set !r&t&(s?o&p:!q) |!(r|t)|!r^s p&s|(r?p|s:!t) (r&!s)?q:l^t

mn = 01

Set 0opq

mn = 10

Set 011 !(o&p&q|v&!l)

m = n = 1

Set !s&(t?l&q:k) !(l&(k|t))|r|o !(l&(k|t))|r|t&p&!q k&!(s|t)|l&!r&(o&p|!k&(o|t))

Int

Set 0110

ret/k l

Set 1 0 0 0

CB l

Set 0 r|!m&n s|!m&n t&(m|!n)

jr l

Set 1 !l 0 !l

ldn16/j kl

Set !k 1 k !l&(!k|j)

nop/STOP/HALT

Just set 0110

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Set k?i^j:!(i&l) i|!j i&!k&l|(j?!i:k) j&!(i&k)|!l&(!k|i)

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Set !i&j&k j k !i^l

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Set !(i|k) i|k 1 i&!(j&k&l)|!(k|l)

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Set 101 !j

ALU

Merge 1****** on g first.

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use r?s&o:t?o&p:!s o^(r&s)|!(r|t) p|r&s|!(r|t) !l&(q|s)

m != n

Use 0rst

m = n = 1

Use s&t|l&o&p&r !r|!s&o !r|(p&!(s|k&o)) r&k|!l&(!r|s|o&p)

If INT is on

Use 1000

Int

Use 1001

ret/k l

Use 0110

CB l

Use 0rst

jr l

Use 100 !l

ldn16/j kl

Use !k k 1 0

nop/STOP/HALT

Don’t bother.

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use !i|k i|k&!j i|!j i?!l:j

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 1010

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 1 0 i|!k !i&k&l

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 1010

ALUl

Base kl

Use !(m|s) !(l|m|s)

Int

X

ret/k l

X

CB l

X

jr l

Use 01

ldn16/j kl

X

nop/STOP/HALT

X

0xxxxxx

Use !(m|s|h) !(l|m|s)|h

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use 01

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

X

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 00

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

X

Total for 1xxxxxx

Use 0 !g

Total

Use !(m|s|f|h) f?!g:!(l|m|s)|h

ALUc (type/left)

Bond 1****** with g first.

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use r?!s|o&!(p|q):t r?!(s&o&(p|q)):t r&s&(o|!(p&q))|!(r|s)&t t&(s&q&(fC&p&!o|!r|!p&o)|r&!s)

mn = 01

Use 0000

mn = 10

Use !(o&q)|p !o|p&q 1 o&p&!q

m = n = 1

Use r&s r&s 0 0

If INT is on

Use 0000

Int

Use 0000

ret/k l

Use 0000

CB l

Use 01 (m|n)?o:!(p&q) (m|n|fC&!o&q)&p

jr l

Use 1 1 !l m&l

ldn16/j kl

Use 0000

nop/STOP/HALT

X

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use i?k:j i?k:j i?!l:j i&k&l&m

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 0000

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use i&(!j|k|!l) i&(!j|k&l) i i&j&k&!l

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 0000

ALUc (right/general)

Bind 1****** on g first.

Base kl

Bind on m first.

m = n = 0

Use !(r&s&(q?o:p)) r&s&(o?!(p|q)&fN:p&!q&fC) !t|s&(!(l|r^q)|r&o&fN)|!r&l&c 0

mn = 01

Use 10xx

mn = 10

Use 1 p p^fC&q|o p

m = n = 1

Use 10 k|!l|c x

If INT is on

Use 10xx

Int

Use 10xx

ret/k l

Use 10xx

CB l

Use q|!(m|n|o|p) m|n|!(o|q)&p&fC q&!m|n m|n|o&(p^q)

jr l

Use 1 0 c|!l x

ldn16/j kl

Use 10xx

nop/STOP/HALT

It doesn’t much matter.

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use k|l|!i 0 i&l&fC x

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 10xx

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 1 i&k j|k^l&fC k

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 10xx

Fs

Might as well merge 1****** on g first.

Base kl

Merge first on m.

m = n = 0

Use r&t&(!s|o&!p&q) r&s&t&o&!p&q o&p&r&s&t&!(fC&q)

mn = 01

Use 000

mn = 10

Use q&(!o|p) o&!(p|q) 0

mn = 11

Use 000

Total

!n&(m?q&(!o|p):r&t&(!s|o&!p&q)) !n&o&!p&(m?!q:r&t&q) o&p&r&s&t&!(fC&q|m|n)

When INT is on

Use 000

Int

Use 0000

ret/k l

Use 000

CB l

Use 0 !m&n 0

jr l

Use 000

ldn16/j kl

Use 000

nop/STOP/HALT

Use 000

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use 000

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 000

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use i&k&(l|!j) i&j&!(k|l) 0

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 000

Fr

Merge on g first for 1******

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use o|!(r&s&t) s&(!(r&t)|o&!p)|!(l|r) !(r&s&t) !(r&s&t&o&p)

mn = 01

Use 1111

mn = 10

Use 1 0 !o|p&q !o|p&q|v&!l

m = n = 1

Use r|s|k|!(u&t) x4

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 1111

Int

Use 1111

ret/k l

Use 1111

CB l

Use 1 m m m|n|!u

jr l

Use 1111

ldn16/j kl

Use 1111

nop/STOP/HALT

Use 1111

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use !(i&k)|l !(i&k)|l 1 1

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 1111

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 1 !i !(i&j)|k&l !(i&j)|k&l

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 1111

Fm

For 1******, merge on g first.

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use r&(!s|t&!(p|q)) 0 !s&(r|l) t&(!r^s)&(r&!o|r^q)

mn = 01

Use 0000

mn = 10

Use 1 0 1 !v|l

m = n = 1

Use 0 !(r|s|k)&t&u 0 0

Total

!n&(m|r&(!s|t&!(p|q))) m&n&t&u&!(r|s|k) !n&(m|!s&(r|l)) !n&(m?!v|l:t&(!r^s)&(r&!o|r^q))

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 0000

Int

Use 0000

ret/k l

Use 0000

CB l

Use !m 0 0 !(m|n)&(l|!v)

jr l

Use 0000

ldn16/j kl

Use 0000

nop/STOP/HALT

Use 0000

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use 0 0 i&k&!l i&k&!l

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 0000

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use i 0 i i

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 0000

HLSP

Might as well merge 1****** on g first.

Base kl

m = n = 0

!(l|r|t)&s&o 0 0 x

mn = 01

Use 0x0x

mn = 10

Use 0x0x

m = n = 1

Use 0 x r&k|!(r|s|t|o|l|!z)|t&(s?l:(r^k^l)&!q|!(r|l|o&!p&q)) o&q&t&!(r|k)

Total

!(m|n|l|r|t)&s&o 0 m&n&… o&q&t&!(r|k)

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 0x10

Int

Use 0x10

ret/k l

Use 0 x !l 0

CB l

Use 0x0x

jr l

Use 0x0x

ldn16/j kl

Use 0x0x

nop/STOP/HALT

Use 0x0x

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use 0x0x

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 0x0x

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 0 x !i&j&k 0

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 0x0x

MAIP

Join 1****** on g first

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use 1 1 r?s|!u:l|!(s|q&t) 0

mn = 01

Use 1 1 !u^v|l 0

mn = 10

Use 1 1 l|!v 0

m = n = 1

Use t|!(l|o) r|!t&o !t&(r|o&(!s|l)|l&!z)|(r?q&!s:t&(s|k)|(o?q:s)) !(r|s|p)&t&o&q

Total

!(m&n&(l|o))|t !(m&n)&(!t&o|r) [comp.] m&n&!(r|s|p)&t&o&q

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 1100

Int

Use 1100

ret/k l

Use 1000

CB l

Use 1 1 l?!m&n:!v 0

jr l

Use x x 0 l

ldn16/j kl

Use x x !l 0

nop/STOP/HALT

Use xx00

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use k 0 i?l:j?!z:!k^l 0

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 1 1 !(i&j&k)|l 0

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 1 1 i|!k !(i|j)&k

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use xx10

jpeidiwt

Merge 1****** on g first Note: the actual string is j pei di (!st && I=0166) wt (that expr is !(f|g|h|i|j|m)&n&u&v)

Base kl

m&n = 0

Use x000

m = n = 1

Use !l !r&s&t&o&q !r&s&t&o&!q l&r&(!k^s)

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 1010

Int

Use 0001

ret/k l

Use x k&l 0 0

CB l

Use x000

jr l

Use x000

ldn16/j kl

Use x00 !j&k

nop/STOP/HALT

Use x000

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use x00 !j&(k?!i:i&l)

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use x000

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 000 !i&k&l

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 0000

b16

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use o !o&p

m != n

Use 10

m = n = 1

Use 1 r

Total

m|n|o (!m^n)&(m?r:!o&p)

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 11

Int

Use 11

ret/k l

X

CB l

Use 10

jr l

X

ldn16/j kl

X

nop/STOP/HALT

X

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

X

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 10

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use 11

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

X

ID

Might as well bond 1****** on g first.

Base kl

m = n = 0

Use !(r|l)&s&p / !(r|l)&s&o 0

m != n

Use 0 / 00

m = n = 1

Use r&(l|t&!q) / 0 (!l^r)&(l|!(o|s))|t&!(k|q|s)

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 1 / 01

Int

Use 1 / 01

ret/k l

Use 0 / 01

CB l

Use 0 / 00

jr l

X

ldn16/j kl

Use 0 / 00

nop/STOP/HALT

X

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use 0 / k&!(j|l) k&!(j|l)

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use 000

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use !i&k / 0 !i&k

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use 0 / 00

next

Base kl

Merge last on m^n.

m = n = 0

Use r&l|v|!r&(!(s&t)&(o|!p&q)|!q&(s^t)) !(r|s|t|o|q)&p v|!(r|s)&(t?!q:p&!o) r&l|v|!(q|t|r)&(s|p&!o) !(r|s|q)&(o|p&!t)|o&(v|!(r|s|t)) p&(v|!(r|s|t&q)) !(l|r)&(s|q&(o|t))|q&v|p&!(q|(r?s:t))&(!r^o)

mn = 01

Use 0 u&v u&v u u&v u v&!(u|l)

mn = 10

Use 0 0 0 0 0 0 v&!l

m = n = 1

Use !t&(o^s|u|r)|(r?k|q&!s:!(o|q)&s) r&!t|(s?k|!(o|t&(q|r)):q&(o&p&t|r)) !(o|r)&s&(q|!t)|r&!(s|t) !t&(r|o&(!s|p|q)) t?q&(r?!s:l|!o&s):k|o&(r?s:p&(q|!s)) l&(r|!(k|(t?!p&q:(o|!z))))|!t&(p&(r|!o&s)|o&q&!(r|s)) (q^t)&!k&(r|!s&t)|r&(s&t|l)|!(l?k|o|t|!z:r|(s?t|!o^q:o))

When INT is on and Base 0

Use 0010000

Int

Use 1100011

ret/k l

Use 0000 !l k&!l !l

CB l

Use 0 0 v&!l l&(m|!n) v&!l l&(m|!n) v&!l

jr l

Use 0 0 !l 0 0 !l !l

ldn16/j kl

Use 0 0 0 !k j&!k l !(k|l)

nop/STOP/HALT

Use 00000000

100ijkl (stsp kl, jr/kl, ldw/jk l)

Use !((!i&j)|(i|k)&l) i&!j&k&l !i&j&z i&!l i&j&!l i?k&!l:j?z:k^l !((!i&j)?!z:l)

101ijkl (ld16/jk l, ld8/jkl)

Use !l&(!i|j&k) 0 !(i|l) 0 !(i|l)&j k&!l&(!i|j) !l&(!i|j&k)

110ijkl (jp kl, call kl, mathi/jkl)

Use !i&(!k|j) !i&(!k|j) 0 !i&j j&!(i|k&l) !i&(j&k|!k&l) !i&(j&k|!(k|l))

111ijkl (jp/kl j, call/kl j)

Use !j|z !j|z !j i&!j !j|i&z j?z:k !j&l

CPU shim

What are the two clocks for?

Four steps:

read instruction read data execute write data

So:

stage 0: ADD <- IP read <- 1 at 0-1: I <- DAT stage 1: ADD <- MAR read <- 1 at 1-3: MR <- DAT stage 3: DAT <- MW write <- wt ADD <- MAR at 3-2: clock CPU I stage 2: at 2-0: clock CPU O

stage 0: ADD <- IP read <- 1 at a/b: I <- DAT

stage 1: ADD <- MA read <- 1 at a/b: MR <- DAT

stage 3: DAT <- MW write <- wt ADD <- MA at a/b: clock CPU I

stage 2: at a/b: clock CPU O

DMA

Read write read write.

HDMA

Might be a bit difficult.

How to handle sound?

IR port?

Video stuff, how does it work?

Take over VRAM when needed.