don't capture arrays/tuples in BoundsError

This commit changes the semantics of `BoundsError` so that it doesn't
capture arrays/tuples passed to its constructor.

The change wouldn't improve any performance by itself because the
`BoundsError` constructor is mostly called on error paths and thus
it is opaque to analyses/optimizers when compiling a caller context.
Rather it's supposed to be a building block for broadening the possibility
of certain memory optimizations in the future such as copy elision for
`ImmutableArray` construction and stack allocation of `Array`s, by
allowing us to assume the invariant that primitive indexing operations
into array/tuple indexing don't escape it so that our escape analyses
can achieve further accuracy.

Specifically, when `BoundsError` constructor will now compute the "summary"
of its `Array`/`Tuple` argument, rather than capturing it for the later
inspection. Assuming `Base.summary(x::Array)` or `Base.summary(x::Tuple)`
don't escape `x`, we can assume that `BoundsError` doesn't escape `x`.
This change won't appear as breaking in most cases since `showerror` will
print the exact same error message as before, but obviously this is
technically breaking since we can no longer access to the original
arrays/tuples by catching `BoundsError`.
I'd say this breaking semantic change would be still acceptable, since
I think it's enough if we can know size/type of arrays/tuples from
`BoundsError` in most cases.

As a last note, I didn't change the semantics for arbitrary user objects,
since we still don't have a good infrastructure to tell the compiler some
primitive assumptions/rules about user type objects anyway.

base/Base.jl

@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ modifyproperty!(x, f::Symbol, op, v, order::Symbol=:notatomic) =
 replaceproperty!(x, f::Symbol, expected, desired, success_order::Symbol=:notatomic, fail_order::Symbol=success_order) =
     (@inline; Core.replacefield!(x, f, expected, convert(fieldtype(typeof(x), f), desired), success_order, fail_order))
 
+throw_boundserror(a, i) = (@noinline; throw(BoundsError(a, i)))
+throw_boundserror() = (@noinline; throw(BoundsError()))
+
 convert(::Type{Any}, Core.@nospecialize x) = x
 convert(::Type{T}, x::T) where {T} = x
 include("coreio.jl")

base/abstractarray.jl

@@ -700,8 +700,6 @@ end
 checkbounds_indices(::Type{Bool}, IA::Tuple, ::Tuple{}) = (@inline; all(x->length(x)==1, IA))
 checkbounds_indices(::Type{Bool}, ::Tuple{}, ::Tuple{}) = true
 
-throw_boundserror(A, I) = (@noinline; throw(BoundsError(A, I)))
-
 # check along a single dimension
 """
     checkindex(Bool, inds::AbstractUnitRange, index)
@@ -956,7 +954,7 @@ function copyto!(dest::AbstractArray, dstart::Integer, src, sstart::Integer, n::
     if (dstart ∉ inds || dmax ∉ inds) | (sstart < 1)
         sstart < 1 && throw(ArgumentError(LazyString("source start offset (",
             sstart,") is < 1")))
-        throw(BoundsError(dest, dstart:dmax))
+        throw_boundserror(dest, dstart:dmax)
     end
     y = iterate(src)
     for j = 1:(sstart-1)
@@ -974,7 +972,7 @@ function copyto!(dest::AbstractArray, dstart::Integer, src, sstart::Integer, n::
         y = iterate(src, st)
         i += 1
     end
-    i <= dmax && throw(BoundsError(dest, i))
+    i <= dmax && throw_boundserror(dest, i)
     return dest
 end
 
@@ -1027,7 +1025,7 @@ function copyto_unaliased!(deststyle::IndexStyle, dest::AbstractArray, srcstyle:
     idf, isf = first(destinds), first(srcinds)
     Δi = idf - isf
     (checkbounds(Bool, destinds, isf+Δi) & checkbounds(Bool, destinds, last(srcinds)+Δi)) ||
-        throw(BoundsError(dest, srcinds))
+        throw_boundserror(dest, srcinds)
     if deststyle isa IndexLinear
         if srcstyle isa IndexLinear
             # Single-index implementation
@@ -1067,7 +1065,7 @@ end
 
 function copyto!(dest::AbstractArray, dstart::Integer, src::AbstractArray, sstart::Integer)
     srcinds = LinearIndices(src)
-    checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart) || throw(BoundsError(src, sstart))
+    checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart) || throw_boundserror(src, sstart)
     copyto!(dest, dstart, src, sstart, last(srcinds)-sstart+1)
 end
 
@@ -1078,8 +1076,8 @@ function copyto!(dest::AbstractArray, dstart::Integer,
     n < 0 && throw(ArgumentError(LazyString("tried to copy n=",
         n," elements, but n should be nonnegative")))
     destinds, srcinds = LinearIndices(dest), LinearIndices(src)
-    (checkbounds(Bool, destinds, dstart) && checkbounds(Bool, destinds, dstart+n-1)) || throw(BoundsError(dest, dstart:dstart+n-1))
-    (checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart)  && checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart+n-1))  || throw(BoundsError(src,  sstart:sstart+n-1))
+    (checkbounds(Bool, destinds, dstart) && checkbounds(Bool, destinds, dstart+n-1)) || throw_boundserror(dest, dstart:dstart+n-1)
+    (checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart)  && checkbounds(Bool, srcinds, sstart+n-1))  || throw_boundserror(src,  sstart:sstart+n-1)
     @inbounds for i = 0:(n-1)
         dest[dstart+i] = src[sstart+i]
     end
@@ -1306,7 +1304,7 @@ _to_subscript_indices(A, J::Tuple, Jrem::Tuple) = J # already bounds-checked, sa
 _to_subscript_indices(A::AbstractArray{T,N}, I::Vararg{Int,N}) where {T,N} = I
 _remaining_size(::Tuple{Any}, t::Tuple) = t
 _remaining_size(h::Tuple, t::Tuple) = (@inline; _remaining_size(tail(h), tail(t)))
-_unsafe_ind2sub(::Tuple{}, i) = () # _ind2sub may throw(BoundsError()) in this case
+_unsafe_ind2sub(::Tuple{}, i) = () # _ind2sub may throw_boundserror() in this case
 _unsafe_ind2sub(sz, i) = (@inline; _ind2sub(sz, i))
 
 ## Setindex! is defined similarly. We first dispatch to an internal _setindex!
@@ -2667,7 +2665,7 @@ nextL(L, r::Slice) = L*length(r.indices)
 offsetin(i, l::Integer) = i-1
 offsetin(i, r::AbstractUnitRange) = i-first(r)
 
-_ind2sub(::Tuple{}, ind::Integer) = (@inline; ind == 1 ? () : throw(BoundsError()))
+_ind2sub(::Tuple{}, ind::Integer) = (@inline; ind == 1 ? () : throw_boundserror())
 _ind2sub(dims::DimsInteger, ind::Integer) = (@inline; _ind2sub_recurse(dims, ind-1))
 _ind2sub(inds::Indices, ind::Integer)     = (@inline; _ind2sub_recurse(inds, ind-1))
 _ind2sub(inds::Indices{1}, ind::Integer) =
@@ -3163,7 +3161,7 @@ function _keepat!(a::AbstractVector, inds)
 end
 
 function _keepat!(a::AbstractVector, m::AbstractVector{Bool})
-    length(m) == length(a) || throw(BoundsError(a, m))
+    length(m) == length(a) || throw_boundserror(a, m)
     j = firstindex(a)
     for i in eachindex(a, m)
         @inbounds begin

base/abstractarraymath.jl

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ julia> selectdim(A, 2, 3:4)
 @noinline function _selectdim(A, d, i, idxs)
     d >= 1 || throw(ArgumentError("dimension must be ≥ 1, got $d"))
     nd = ndims(A)
-    d > nd && (i == 1 || throw(BoundsError(A, (ntuple(Returns(Colon()),d-1)..., i))))
+    d > nd && (i == 1 || throw_boundserror(A, (ntuple(Returns(Colon()),d-1)..., i)))
     return view(A, idxs...)
 end
 

base/array.jl

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ function _copyto_impl!(dest::Array, doffs::Integer, src::Array, soffs::Integer,
     n == 0 && return dest
     n > 0 || _throw_argerror()
     if soffs < 1 || doffs < 1 || soffs+n-1 > length(src) || doffs+n-1 > length(dest)
-        throw(BoundsError())
+        throw_boundserror()
     end
     unsafe_copyto!(dest, doffs, src, soffs, n)
     return dest
@@ -1568,7 +1568,7 @@ function _deleteat!(a::Vector, inds, dltd=Nowhere())
             if i < q
                 throw(ArgumentError("indices must be unique and sorted"))
             else
-                throw(BoundsError())
+                throw_boundserror()
             end
         end
         while q < i
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ end
 # Simpler and more efficient version for logical indexing
 function deleteat!(a::Vector, inds::AbstractVector{Bool})
     n = length(a)
-    length(inds) == n || throw(BoundsError(a, inds))
+    length(inds) == n || throw_boundserror(a, inds)
     p = 1
     for (q, i) in enumerate(inds)
         _copy_item!(a, p, q)
@@ -1864,9 +1864,9 @@ function reverse!(v::AbstractVector, start::Integer, stop::Integer=lastindex(v))
     liv = LinearIndices(v)
     if n <= s  # empty case; ok
     elseif !(first(liv) ≤ s ≤ last(liv))
-        throw(BoundsError(v, s))
+        throw_boundserror(v, s)
     elseif !(first(liv) ≤ n ≤ last(liv))
-        throw(BoundsError(v, n))
+        throw_boundserror(v, n)
     end
     r = n
     @inbounds for i in s:div(s+n-1, 2)

base/bitarray.jl

@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ function one(x::BitMatrix)
 end
 
 function copyto!(dest::BitArray, src::BitArray)
-    length(src) > length(dest) && throw(BoundsError(dest, length(dest)+1))
+    length(src) > length(dest) && throw_boundserror(dest, length(dest)+1)
     destc = dest.chunks; srcc = src.chunks
     nc = min(length(destc), length(srcc))
     nc == 0 && return dest
@@ -462,15 +462,15 @@ copyto!(dest::BitArray, doffs::Integer, src::Array, soffs::Integer, n::Integer)
     _copyto_int!(dest, Int(doffs), src, Int(soffs), Int(n))
 function _copyto_int!(dest::BitArray, doffs::Int, src::Array, soffs::Int, n::Int)
     n == 0 && return dest
-    soffs < 1 && throw(BoundsError(src, soffs))
-    doffs < 1 && throw(BoundsError(dest, doffs))
-    soffs+n-1 > length(src) && throw(BoundsError(src, length(src)+1))
-    doffs+n-1 > length(dest) && throw(BoundsError(dest, length(dest)+1))
+    soffs < 1 && throw_boundserror(src, soffs)
+    doffs < 1 && throw_boundserror(dest, doffs)
+    soffs+n-1 > length(src) && throw_boundserror(src, length(src)+1)
+    doffs+n-1 > length(dest) && throw_boundserror(dest, length(dest)+1)
     return unsafe_copyto!(dest, doffs, src, soffs, n)
 end
 
 function copyto!(dest::BitArray, src::Array)
-    length(src) > length(dest) && throw(BoundsError(dest, length(dest)+1))
+    length(src) > length(dest) && throw_boundserror(dest, length(dest)+1)
     length(src) == 0 && return dest
     return unsafe_copyto!(dest, 1, src, 1, length(src))
 end
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ resize!(B::BitVector, n::Integer) = _resize_int!(B, Int(n))
 function _resize_int!(B::BitVector, n::Int)
     n0 = length(B)
     n == n0 && return B
-    n >= 0 || throw(BoundsError(B, n))
+    n >= 0 || throw_boundserror(B, n)
     if n < n0
         deleteat!(B, n+1:n0)
         return B
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ insert!(B::BitVector, i::Integer, item) = _insert_int!(B, Int(i), item)
 function _insert_int!(B::BitVector, i::Int, item)
     i = Int(i)
     n = length(B)
-    1 <= i <= n+1 || throw(BoundsError(B, i))
+    1 <= i <= n+1 || throw_boundserror(B, i)
     item = convert(Bool, item)
 
     Bc = B.chunks
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ function deleteat!(B::BitVector, i::Integer)
     i isa Bool && depwarn("passing Bool as an index is deprecated", :deleteat!)
     i = Int(i)
     n = length(B)
-    1 <= i <= n || throw(BoundsError(B, i))
+    1 <= i <= n || throw_boundserror(B, i)
 
     return _deleteat!(B, i)
 end
@@ -959,8 +959,8 @@ function deleteat!(B::BitVector, r::AbstractUnitRange{Int})
     n = length(B)
     i_f = first(r)
     i_l = last(r)
-    1 <= i_f || throw(BoundsError(B, i_f))
-    i_l <= n || throw(BoundsError(B, n+1))
+    1 <= i_f || throw_boundserror(B, i_f)
+    i_l <= n || throw_boundserror(B, n+1)
 
     Bc = B.chunks
     new_l = length(B) - length(r)
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ function deleteat!(B::BitVector, inds)
         if !(q <= i <= n)
             i isa Bool && throw(ArgumentError("invalid index $i of type Bool"))
             i < q && throw(ArgumentError("indices must be unique and sorted"))
-            throw(BoundsError(B, i))
+            throw_boundserror(B, i)
         end
         new_l -= 1
         if i > q
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ function deleteat!(B::BitVector, inds)
 end
 
 function deleteat!(B::BitVector, inds::AbstractVector{Bool})
-    length(inds) == length(B) || throw(BoundsError(B, inds))
+    length(inds) == length(B) || throw_boundserror(B, inds)
 
     n = new_l = length(B)
     y = findfirst(inds)
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ function splice!(B::BitVector, i::Integer)
     i isa Bool && depwarn("passing Bool as an index is deprecated", :splice!)
     i = Int(i)
     n = length(B)
-    1 <= i <= n || throw(BoundsError(B, i))
+    1 <= i <= n || throw_boundserror(B, i)
 
     v = B[i]   # TODO: change to a copy if/when subscripting becomes an ArrayView
     _deleteat!(B, i)
@@ -1090,8 +1090,8 @@ end
 function _splice_int!(B::BitVector, r, ins)
     n = length(B)
     i_f, i_l = first(r), last(r)
-    1 <= i_f <= n+1 || throw(BoundsError(B, i_f))
-    i_l <= n || throw(BoundsError(B, n+1))
+    1 <= i_f <= n+1 || throw_boundserror(B, i_f)
+    i_l <= n || throw_boundserror(B, n+1)
 
     Bins = convert(BitArray, ins)
 
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ end
 # returns the index of the next true element, or nothing if all false
 function findnext(B::BitArray, start::Integer)
     start = Int(start)
-    start > 0 || throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > 0 || throw_boundserror(B, start)
     start > length(B) && return nothing
     unsafe_bitfindnext(B.chunks, start)
 end
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ end
 
 # aux function: same as findnext(~B, start), but performed without temporaries
 function findnextnot(B::BitArray, start::Int)
-    start > 0 || throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > 0 || throw_boundserror(B, start)
     start > length(B) && return nothing
 
     Bc = B.chunks
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ function _findnext_int(testf::Function, B::BitArray, start::Int)
     !f0 && f1 && return findnext(B, start)
     f0 && !f1 && return findnextnot(B, start)
 
-    start > 0 || throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > 0 || throw_boundserror(B, start)
     start > length(B) && return nothing
     f0 && f1 && return start
     return nothing # last case: !f0 && !f1
@@ -1557,14 +1557,14 @@ end
 function findprev(B::BitArray, start::Integer)
     start = Int(start)
     start > 0 || return nothing
-    start > length(B) && throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > length(B) && throw_boundserror(B, start)
     unsafe_bitfindprev(B.chunks, start)
 end
 
 function findprevnot(B::BitArray, start::Int)
     start = Int(start)
     start > 0 || return nothing
-    start > length(B) && throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > length(B) && throw_boundserror(B, start)
 
     Bc = B.chunks
 
@@ -1605,7 +1605,7 @@ function _findprev_int(testf::Function, B::BitArray, start::Int)
     f0 && !f1 && return findprevnot(B, start)
 
     start > 0 || return nothing
-    start > length(B) && throw(BoundsError(B, start))
+    start > length(B) && throw_boundserror(B, start)
     f0 && f1 && return start
     return nothing # last case: !f0 && !f1
 end

base/boot.jl

@@ -269,14 +269,30 @@ end
 
 macro inline()   Expr(:meta, :inline)   end
 macro noinline() Expr(:meta, :noinline) end
-
+import .Intrinsics: ult_int
+struct Summarized
+    axes #=::Union{Base.OneTo, Integer}=#
+    type::Type
+    function Summarized(a)
+        isa(a, Array) || return a
+        if isdefined(Main, :Base)
+            return new(Main.Base.axes(a), typeof(a))
+        else
+            return new(nothing, typeof(a))
+        end
+    end
+    Summarized(ax, typ) = new(ax, typ)
+end
 struct BoundsError <: Exception
-    a::Any
+    a
     i::Any
     BoundsError() = new()
-    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a)) = (@noinline; new(a))
-    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a), i) = (@noinline; new(a,i))
+    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a)) = (@noinline; new(Summarized(a)))
+    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a), i) = (@noinline; new(Summarized(a), i))
+    BoundsError(ax, typ::Type) = (@noinline; new(Summarized((ax,), typ)))
+    BoundsError(ax, typ::Type, i) = (@noinline; new(Summarized((ax,), typ), i))
 end
+
 struct DivideError         <: Exception end
 struct OutOfMemoryError    <: Exception end
 struct ReadOnlyMemoryError <: Exception end

base/char.jl

@@ -192,16 +192,16 @@ typemax(::Type{Char}) = bitcast(Char, typemax(UInt32))
 typemin(::Type{Char}) = bitcast(Char, typemin(UInt32))
 
 size(c::AbstractChar) = ()
-size(c::AbstractChar, d::Integer) = d < 1 ? throw(BoundsError()) : 1
+size(c::AbstractChar, d::Integer) = d < 1 ? throw_boundserror() : 1
 ndims(c::AbstractChar) = 0
 ndims(::Type{<:AbstractChar}) = 0
 length(c::AbstractChar) = 1
 IteratorSize(::Type{Char}) = HasShape{0}()
 firstindex(c::AbstractChar) = 1
 lastindex(c::AbstractChar) = 1
 getindex(c::AbstractChar) = c
-getindex(c::AbstractChar, i::Integer) = i == 1 ? c : throw(BoundsError())
-getindex(c::AbstractChar, I::Integer...) = all(x -> x == 1, I) ? c : throw(BoundsError())
+getindex(c::AbstractChar, i::Integer) = i == 1 ? c : throw_boundserror()
+getindex(c::AbstractChar, I::Integer...) = all(x -> x == 1, I) ? c : throw_boundserror()
 first(c::AbstractChar) = c
 last(c::AbstractChar) = c
 eltype(::Type{T}) where {T<:AbstractChar} = T

base/combinatorics.jl

@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ isperm(P::Any32) = _isperm(P)
 function swapcols!(a::AbstractMatrix, i, j)
     i == j && return
     cols = axes(a,2)
-    @boundscheck i in cols || throw(BoundsError(a, (:,i)))
-    @boundscheck j in cols || throw(BoundsError(a, (:,j)))
+    @boundscheck i in cols || throw_boundserror(a, (:,i))
+    @boundscheck j in cols || throw_boundserror(a, (:,j))
     for k in axes(a,1)
         @inbounds a[k,i],a[k,j] = a[k,j],a[k,i]
     end
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ end
 function swaprows!(a::AbstractMatrix, i, j)
     i == j && return
     rows = axes(a,1)
-    @boundscheck i in rows || throw(BoundsError(a, (:,i)))
-    @boundscheck j in rows || throw(BoundsError(a, (:,j)))
+    @boundscheck i in rows || throw_boundserror(a, (:,i))
+    @boundscheck j in rows || throw_boundserror(a, (:,j))
     for k in axes(a,2)
         @inbounds a[i,k],a[j,k] = a[j,k],a[i,k]
     end