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<h1 id="introduction">Introduction</h1>
<p>This document provides guidance and detailed information on the datasets released by COGITATE, how to access them, the directory structure, and a description on various types of data acquired for each modality.</p>
<p>This document provides guidance and detailed information on the datasets released by <a href="https://www.arc-cogitate.com" target="_blank">COGITATE</a>, how to access them, the directory structure, and a description on various types of data acquired for each modality.</p>
<h2 id="updates">Updates</h2>
<p>This is the <span style="color:red;">forth version</span> (<span style="color:red;">V1.3</span>) of the COGITATE data release document. New updates or any changes to the previous versions will be announced here, and as a versioned document <a href="https://github.com/Cogitate-consortium/cogitate-data/tree/main/assets/" target="_blank">here</a> as well.</p>
<p>In <span style="color:red;">V1.3</span>, the Cogitate Consortium has released both the raw/unprocessed and <a href="https://bids-specification.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" target="_blank">BIDS</a> (Brain Imaging Data Structure) formats of fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) data collected for <a href="../02_overview/#experiment-1-conscious-perception">Experiment 1</a>.</p>
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<h1 id="overview-of-cogitate">Overview of COGITATE</h1>
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<p>What are the mechanisms that give rise to consciousness? This question has been the focus of extensive research, leading to the development of several prominent theories, including Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT) and Integrated Information Theory (IIT). Critically, however, the focus so far has been on testing each theory independently, gathering evidence for/against them separately, leaving open a crucial question: which theory has higher explanatory power when tested against each other directly?</p>
<p>COGITATE is a pioneering Open Science adversarial collaboration to bridge this gap and evaluate GNWT and IIT through two studies, named <a href="#experiment-1-conscious-perception">Experiment 1</a> (EXP1) and <a href="#experiment-2-video-game-engagement">Experiment 2</a> (EXP2). In these experiments, multimodal empirical tests are conducted on human volunteers, combining magneto-electroencephalography (M-EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial electrocorticography (iEEG) along with behavioral and eye tracking measurements. The reason for this approach is to maximize the sensitivity and specificity to the tests of each hypothesis, while accounting for trade-offs between temporal and spatial specificity inherent to the currently available methods in human neuroscience.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.arc-cogitate.com" target="_blank">COGITATE</a> is a pioneering Open Science adversarial collaboration to bridge this gap and evaluate GNWT and IIT through two studies, named <a href="#experiment-1-conscious-perception">Experiment 1</a> (EXP1) and <a href="#experiment-2-video-game-engagement">Experiment 2</a> (EXP2). In these experiments, multimodal empirical tests are conducted on human volunteers, combining magneto-electroencephalography (M-EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial electrocorticography (iEEG) along with behavioral and eye tracking measurements. The reason for this approach is to maximize the sensitivity and specificity to the tests of each hypothesis, while accounting for trade-offs between temporal and spatial specificity inherent to the currently available methods in human neuroscience.</p>
<p><img alt="Cogitate overview graphic" src="https://github.com/Cogitate-consortium/cogitate-data/raw/main/assets/documentation_v1.1/graphics_v1.1/overview_graphic_2024-04-26_v1.1.png" /></p>
<h2 id="goals">Goals</h2>
<p>The aim of the COGITATE project is to accelerate research on consciousness and establish a groundbreaking model for scientific practices in cognitive neuroscience at large, by demonstrating the impact of team-based adversary research and open data to address some of the major riddles in the field, much like established practices in other fields of inquiry such as physics and genomics.</p>
<p>The aim of the <a href="https://www.arc-cogitate.com" target="_blank">COGITATE</a> project is to accelerate research on consciousness and establish a groundbreaking model for scientific practices in cognitive neuroscience at large, by demonstrating the impact of team-based adversary research and open data to address some of the major riddles in the field, much like established practices in other fields of inquiry such as physics and genomics.</p>
<p>Furthermore, the resulting products of this research include a large and unique multimodal database, high-end analysis tools, and a new paradigm for probing consciousness in naturalistic settings. All experimental procedures, multimodal datasets, and analysis tools developed in this project will be made openly available to the public. These products will propel further discoveries in the field of consciousness, and in cognitive neuroscience in general, which will exceed and outlast the direct outputs of the proposed studies.</p>
<h2 id="experiments">Experiments</h2>
<p>The COGITATE consortium performed two experiments:</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.arc-cogitate.com" target="_blank">COGITATE</a> consortium performed two experiments:</p>
<p>In <a href="#experiment-1-conscious-perception">Experiment 1</a> (EXP1), a set of clearly visible task relevant and irrelevant stimuli was shown to the subjects with different durations. The goal was to test the effects of maintenance of a percept in consciousness and task relevance and contradictory predictions regarding the involvement of prefrontal and posterior, category selective cortical areas in consciousness. Specifically, the main questions were: <em>How is the persistence of a stimulus in consciousness reflected in cortical hemodynamic and electrophysiological activity, i.e., are the neural responses phasic or sustained throughout a conscious experience? Do activity patterns in prefrontal areas relate to visual consciousness per se or to its consequences, i.e., task-related processes?</em></p>
<p>In <a href="#experiment-2-video-game-engagement">Experiment 2</a> (EXP2), a novel paradigm was developed to test the key predictions of GNWT and IIT while overcoming a major obstacle in the field: <em>creating more naturalistic conditions of invisibility that do not degrade the physical input.</em> To achieve this goal, an engaging video game was used with the help of which salient stimuli were presented for relatively long durations in the background. Sometimes the stimuli was not consciously seen due to attentional engagement by the game. This approach allowed us to uniquely study neural activity elicited by seen or unseen stimuli under naturalistic conditions so that the stimuli can either be task relevant or task irrelevant.</p>
<h3 id="experiment-1-conscious-perception">Experiment 1: Conscious Perception</h3>
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