build(python): bump python version to use v3.11

[MartinBelthle]

List of changes that were made:

• Run the CI with Python 3.11
• Update project requirements to work with Python 3.11 (pandas 2.2.3, numpy 1.26.4, psycopg2 2.9.9, pyinstaller 6.10.0)
• Use class enum.StrEnum instead of making a class inherit from str and enum.Enum
• Use model_dump with mode='json' everywhere. Probably not needed but more secure.
• Fix miscellaneous issues

⚠️ Due to enum.StrEnum (and probably the requirements) the code is no longer compatible with Python versions prior to v3.11

⚠️ This PR shouldn't be merged before it's tested with a branch on antares-ci that deploys Python3.11 on the environments.

ℹ️ Every Desktop version has been tested and works :)