Distro-agnostic compatibility with GCC 13

[nadimkobeissi]

Rework of #512, which targeted main instead of develop.

The zkevm-prover currently will not compile under the most used desktop Linux distributions. A notable exception is Ubuntu 22.04, since that is what a lot of developers in the Polygon Labs zkEVM Prover Team use.

This leads to problems:

• I can't compile zkevm-prover, since I am one of the five people on Earth who use openSUSE,
• Many others (Arch portability #415, Protobuf files generated during build #418, Fixes compilation errors on Gcc 13 #426) can't build zkevm-prover either, because they use Arch, GCC 13, or a too-new version of protobuf, etc.

As such, it's very important to make the repository agnostic to:

• Which Linux distro I'm using,
• Which version of GCC I'm using,
• Which version of protobuf I'm using. etc.

...which is what this pull request does.

This pull request also provides an improved README.md which includes:

• Improved grammar and sentence structure everywhere.
• Better organization.
• Instructions for dependencies on openSUSE and Arch.

Finally, this pull request provides better tooling for downloading that gargantuan 75GB archive that we need to get the prover working.

A separate pull request for a submodule dependency (goldilocks) has already been merged and fixes this same problem (which appeared in a much less pronounced fashion) over there: 0xPolygonHermez/goldilocks#42

This pull request has been fully tested locally.

[nadimkobeissi]

@eduadiez Your proposed changes have been implemented in 3333e99.