diff --git a/packages/plugins/openapi/tests/openapi-rpc.test.ts b/packages/plugins/openapi/tests/openapi-rpc.test.ts
index f58b7fa09..845116ac3 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/openapi/tests/openapi-rpc.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/openapi/tests/openapi-rpc.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import OpenAPIParser from '@readme/openapi-parser';
 import { getLiteral, getObjectLiteral } from '@zenstackhq/sdk';
 import { Model, Plugin, isPlugin } from '@zenstackhq/sdk/ast';
-import { loadZModelAndDmmf, normalizePath } from '@zenstackhq/testtools';
+import { loadSchema, loadZModelAndDmmf, normalizePath } from '@zenstackhq/testtools';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 import * as tmp from 'tmp';
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ describe('Open API Plugin RPC Tests', () => {
     it('run plugin', async () => {
         for (const specVersion of ['3.0.0', '3.1.0']) {
             for (const omitInputDetails of [true, false]) {
-                const { model, dmmf, modelFile } = await loadZModelAndDmmf(`
+                const { projectDir } = await loadSchema(
+                    `
 plugin openapi {
     provider = '${normalizePath(path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'))}'
     specVersion = '${specVersion}'
     omitInputDetails = ${omitInputDetails}
+    output = '$projectRoot/openapi.yaml'
 }
 
 enum role {
@@ -89,18 +91,17 @@ model Bar {
     id String @id
     @@ignore
 }
-        `);
-
-                const { name: output } = tmp.fileSync({ postfix: '.yaml' });
-
-                const options = buildOptions(model, modelFile, output);
-                await generate(model, options, dmmf);
+        `,
+                    { provider: 'postgresql', pushDb: false }
+                );
 
                 console.log(
-                    `OpenAPI specification generated for ${specVersion}${omitInputDetails ? ' - omit' : ''}: ${output}`
+                    `OpenAPI specification generated for ${specVersion}${
+                        omitInputDetails ? ' - omit' : ''
+                    }: ${projectDir}/openapi.yaml`
                 );
 
-                const parsed = YAML.parse(fs.readFileSync(output, 'utf-8'));
+                const parsed = YAML.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(projectDir, 'openapi.yaml'), 'utf-8'));
                 expect(parsed.openapi).toBe(specVersion);
                 const baseline = YAML.parse(
                     fs.readFileSync(
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ model Bar {
                 );
                 expect(parsed).toMatchObject(baseline);
 
-                const api = await OpenAPIParser.validate(output);
+                const api = await OpenAPIParser.validate(path.join(projectDir, 'openapi.yaml'));
 
                 expect(api.tags).toEqual(
                     expect.arrayContaining([
diff --git a/packages/plugins/trpc/tests/projects/t3-trpc-v10/package.json b/packages/plugins/trpc/tests/projects/t3-trpc-v10/package.json
index 179831693..342a2ef6f 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/trpc/tests/projects/t3-trpc-v10/package.json
+++ b/packages/plugins/trpc/tests/projects/t3-trpc-v10/package.json
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     "start": "next start"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prisma/client": "^5.13.0",
+    "@prisma/client": "6.0.x",
     "@t3-oss/env-nextjs": "^0.7.1",
     "@tanstack/react-query": "^4.36.1",
     "@trpc/client": "^10.43.6",
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     "react": "18.2.0",
     "react-dom": "18.2.0",
     "superjson": "^2.2.1",
+    "zenstack": "file:../../../../../../.build/zenstack-2.9.4.tgz",
     "zod": "^3.22.4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.11.0",
     "eslint": "^8.54.0",
     "eslint-config-next": "^14.0.4",
-    "prisma": "^5.13.0",
+    "prisma": "6.0.x",
     "typescript": "^5.5.4"
   },
   "ct3aMetadata": {
diff --git a/packages/server/tests/api/rest.test.ts b/packages/server/tests/api/rest.test.ts
index 7367a4b64..2a59e6067 100644
--- a/packages/server/tests/api/rest.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/tests/api/rest.test.ts
@@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
                 float: 1.23,
                 decimal: decimalValue1,
                 boolean: true,
-                bytes: Buffer.from([1, 2, 3, 4]),
+                bytes: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
             };
 
             const { json: createPayload, meta: createMeta } = SuperJSON.serialize({
@@ -2736,7 +2736,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
             let deserialized: any = SuperJSON.deserialize({ json: r.body, meta: serializationMeta });
             let data = deserialized.data.attributes;
             expect(typeof data.bigInt).toBe('bigint');
-            expect(Buffer.isBuffer(data.bytes)).toBeTruthy();
+            expect(data.bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
             expect(data.date instanceof Date).toBeTruthy();
             expect(Decimal.isDecimal(data.decimal)).toBeTruthy();
 
@@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
                 bigInt: BigInt(1534543543534),
                 date: new Date(),
                 decimal: decimalValue2,
-                bytes: Buffer.from([5, 2, 3, 4]),
+                bytes: new Uint8Array([5, 2, 3, 4]),
             };
             const { json: updatePayload, meta: updateMeta } = SuperJSON.serialize({
                 data: {
@@ -2776,7 +2776,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
             expect(data.bigInt).toEqual(updateAttrs.bigInt);
             expect(data.date).toEqual(updateAttrs.date);
             expect(data.decimal.equals(updateAttrs.decimal)).toBeTruthy();
-            expect(data.bytes.toString('base64')).toEqual(updateAttrs.bytes.toString('base64'));
+            expect(data.bytes.toString()).toEqual(updateAttrs.bytes.toString());
 
             r = await handler({
                 method: 'get',
@@ -2791,7 +2791,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
             deserialized = SuperJSON.deserialize({ json: r.body, meta: serializationMeta });
             data = deserialized.data.attributes;
             expect(typeof data.bigInt).toBe('bigint');
-            expect(Buffer.isBuffer(data.bytes)).toBeTruthy();
+            expect(data.bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
             expect(data.date instanceof Date).toBeTruthy();
             expect(Decimal.isDecimal(data.decimal)).toBeTruthy();
 
@@ -2807,7 +2807,7 @@ describe('REST server tests', () => {
             expect(serializationMeta).toBeTruthy();
             deserialized = SuperJSON.deserialize({ json: r.body, meta: serializationMeta });
             const included = deserialized.included[0];
-            expect(Buffer.isBuffer(included.attributes.bytes)).toBeTruthy();
+            expect(included.attributes.bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
         });
     });
 
diff --git a/packages/server/tests/api/rpc.test.ts b/packages/server/tests/api/rpc.test.ts
index 56ad8c5e0..ead12c033 100644
--- a/packages/server/tests/api/rpc.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/tests/api/rpc.test.ts
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ describe('RPC API Handler Tests', () => {
         const decimalValue = new Decimal('0.046875');
         const bigIntValue = BigInt(534543543534);
         const dateValue = new Date();
-        const bufferValue = Buffer.from([1, 2, 3, 4]);
-        const barBufferValue = Buffer.from([7, 8, 9]);
+        const bytesValue = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+        const barBytesValue = new Uint8Array([7, 8, 9]);
 
         const createData = {
             string: 'string',
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ describe('RPC API Handler Tests', () => {
             float: 1.23,
             decimal: decimalValue,
             boolean: true,
-            bytes: bufferValue,
+            bytes: bytesValue,
             bars: {
-                create: { bytes: barBufferValue },
+                create: { bytes: barBytesValue },
             },
         };
 
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ describe('RPC API Handler Tests', () => {
         expect(r.meta).toBeTruthy();
         const data: any = SuperJSON.deserialize({ json: r.data, meta: r.meta.serialization });
         expect(typeof data.bigInt).toBe('bigint');
-        expect(Buffer.isBuffer(data.bytes)).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(data.bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
         expect(data.date instanceof Date).toBeTruthy();
         expect(Decimal.isDecimal(data.decimal)).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(Buffer.isBuffer(data.bars[0].bytes)).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(data.bars[0].bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
 
         // find with filter not found
         const serializedQ = SuperJSON.serialize({
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ describe('RPC API Handler Tests', () => {
             where: {
                 bars: {
                     some: {
-                        bytes: barBufferValue,
+                        bytes: barBytesValue,
                     },
                 },
             },
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ describe('RPC API Handler Tests', () => {
             where: {
                 bars: {
                     none: {
-                        bytes: barBufferValue,
+                        bytes: barBytesValue,
                     },
                 },
             },
diff --git a/tests/integration/tests/e2e/type-coverage.test.ts b/tests/integration/tests/e2e/type-coverage.test.ts
index 2a41b3ffd..659f36788 100644
--- a/tests/integration/tests/e2e/type-coverage.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/tests/e2e/type-coverage.test.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe('Type Coverage Tests', () => {
             Float: 1.23,
             Decimal: new Decimal(1.2345),
             Boolean: true,
-            Bytes: Buffer.from('hello'),
+            Bytes: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
         };
 
         await db.foo.create({